Review
Neurosciences
Doreen Z. Mhandire, David P. Burns, Angela L. Roger, Ken D. O'Halloran, Mai K. ElMallah
Summary: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a neuromuscular disease caused by a deficiency in dystrophin, resulting in respiratory insufficiency. Current treatments only alleviate symptoms and cannot reverse the underlying pathology, highlighting the need for curative therapies.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Florencia Anunziata, Ana F. Macchione, Asier Angulo Alcalde, David N. Tejerina, Jose L. Amigone, Aranza Wille-Bille, Veronica Trujillo, Juan C. Molina
Summary: The study found that early exposure to ethanol, either acute or chronic, affects respiratory neuroplasticity processes and leads to acidosis-hypercapnia conditions.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
A. J. Shrimpton, J. M. Brown, T. M. Cook, C. M. Penfold, J. P. Reid, A. E. Pickering
Summary: This study aimed to assess the risk of aerosol generation during upper airway suctioning in anesthetized patients undergoing tracheal intubation and extubation. The findings showed that upper airway suctioning did not significantly increase aerosol concentration compared to background levels, and the concentration was much lower than during normal breathing and coughing. Therefore, upper airway suctioning should not be considered a high-risk aerosol generating procedure.
JOURNAL OF HOSPITAL INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Milene R. Malheiros-Lima, Talita M. Silva, Ana C. Takakura, Thiago S. Moreira
Summary: The study found that blocking excitatory amino acids in the A5 region can reduce the increase in sympathetic and respiratory activities caused by selective stimulation of C1 neurons. This indicates that the C1-A5 pathway may be important for sympathetic-respiratory control.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yen-Bin Hsu, Ming-Ying Lan, Yun-Chen Huang, Ming-Chang Kao, Ming-Chin Lan
Summary: This study found a significant association between mouth breathing and OSA severity, worse oximetric variables, and DISE results. Patients with mouth breathing during DISE were more likely to experience lateral pharyngeal wall collapse and tongue base collapse.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eun-Hee Kim, Sang-Hwan Ji, Ji-Hyun Lee, Jin-Tae Kim, Young-Eun Jang, Seong-Keun Kwon, Hee-Soo Kim
Summary: This prospective observational study evaluated the effect of high-flow nasal oxygen in maintaining adequate oxygenation and ventilation in spontaneously breathing pediatric patients with dynamic airway obstruction. The study found that high-flow nasal oxygen is an alternative technique to maintain oxygenation in children undergoing airway surgeries. However, younger age and longer anesthesia time are significant risk factors leading to the requirement of rescue ventilation in these patients.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Zhengfei Huang, Ghizlane Aarab, Madeline J. L. Ravesloot, Ning Zhou, Pien F. N. Bosschieter, Maurits K. A. van Selms, Chantal den Haan, Nico de Vries, Frank Lobbezoo, Antonius A. J. Hilgevoord
Summary: Studies have shown that characteristic frequency components generated from lower-level obstructions of the upper airway were higher than those from upper-level obstructions. Prediction models were mainly built based on snoring sound parameters in the frequency domain, with reported accuracies ranging from 60.4% to 92.2%.
Article
Cell Biology
Mateus R. Amorim, Xin Wang, O. Aung, Shannon Bevans-Fonti, Frederick Anokye-Danso, Caitlin Ribeiro, Joan Escobar, Carla Freire, Huy Pho, Olga Dergacheva, Luiz G. S. Branco, Rexford S. Ahima, David Mendelowitz, Vsevolod Y. Polotsky
Summary: The mismatch between CO2 production and respiration is responsible for obesity hypoventilation. Leptin stimulates both metabolism and breathing, but the interactions between these functions are not well understood. This study reveals that LEPRb+ neurons in the DMH regulate metabolism and breathing in obesity through serotonergic pathways, preventing obesity-induced hypoventilation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pawan Sharma, Santosh K. Yadav, Sushrut D. Shah, Elham Javed, John M. Lim, Shi Pan, Ajay P. Nayak, Reynold A. Panettieri, Raymond B. Penn, Taku Kambayashi, Deepak A. Deshpande
Summary: This study demonstrated that inhibition of DGK disrupted the DAG:PA ratio, resulting in the inhibition of Gq-PLC activation in a negative feedback manner, thus protecting against ASM contraction.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Jayne C. Carberry, Peter G. R. Burke, Amal M. Osman, Lauriane Juge, Barbara Toson, Simon C. Gandevia, Jane E. Butler, Lynne E. Bilston, Danny J. Eckert
Summary: The movement patterns of tongue and upper airway dilator muscles during quiet breathing vary in people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Our study found regional heterogeneity in genioglossus reflex responses in OSA patients, as well as variability in reflex morphology. The findings also suggest a possible association between the size of the pharyngeal airway and the amplitude of genioglossus reflex response to negative pressure.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
L. E. Fitzharris, S. H. Franklin, A. K. McConnell, M. J. Hezzell, K. J. Allen
Summary: This study assessed the feasibility of IMT in racehorses and found that IMT can reduce UAC-related symptoms and increase upper airway muscle strength. However, limitations included a small sample size and lack of a control group, indicating the need for further research.
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Anesthesiology
Yuichi Sakaguchi, Natsuko Nozaki-Taguchi, Makoto Hasegawa, Katsuhiko Ishibashi, Yasunori Sato, Shiroh Isono
Summary: The combination of high-flow nasal cannula and upper-body elevation can improve postoperative OSA symptoms and nocturnal hypoxemia, and may serve as an alternative postoperative airway management strategy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lauriane Juge, Ida Olsza, Fiona L. Knapman, Peter G. R. Burke, Elizabeth C. Brown, Emma Stumbles, Anne France Bosquillon de Frescheville, Simon C. Gandevia, Danny J. Eckert, Jane E. Butler, Lynne E. Bilston
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of upper airway fat composition on tongue inspiratory movement and OSA. Results showed that OSA patients had larger tongue volume, and more severe OSA was associated with larger tongue volume and dilatory motion of the anterior horizontal tongue compartment, but not with upper airway fat percentage. Higher tongue fat percentage was correlated with higher BMI and older age, while greater inspiratory tongue movement was associated with larger tongue volume and smaller nasopharyngeal airway.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lauriane Juge, Ida Olsza, Fiona L. Knapman, Peter G. R. Burke, Elizabeth C. Brown, Emma Stumbles, Anne France Bosquillon de Frescheville, Simon C. Gandevia, Danny J. Eckert, Jane E. Butler, Lynne E. Bilston
Summary: The study found that larger tongue volume and a smaller nasopharynx are associated with increased inspiratory tongue dilation. Tongue fat percentage is correlated with BMI and age, but not directly related to inspiratory tongue movements.
Article
Pediatrics
Audrey Michaud, Wan Lu Jia, Djamal Djeddi, Nathalie Samson, Charlene Nadeau, Sameh Geha, Jean-Paul Praud
Summary: The study demonstrates that a 6-hour UAO mildly increases the number of GER, while 10% hypoxia has no significant impact on GER. Therefore, the effects of upper airway obstruction and hypoxia on GER in infants remain unclear.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)