☆ 4.4 Article

Beta decay measurements with ultracold neutrons: a review of recent measurements and the research program at Los Alamos National Laboratory

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS (2014)

Journal

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS

Volume 41, Issue 11, Pages -

Publisher

IOP PUBLISHING LTD

DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/41/11/114007

Keywords

fundamental symmetries; neutron decay; ultracold neutrons

Categories

Physics, Nuclear Physics, Particles & Fields

Funding

LANL LDRD program, LANL DOE [2015LANL-LE9BU]
Indiana University NSF [PHY-0969490/PHY-1068712]
NCSU NSF [1005233]
VT NSF grant [1005233]
Caltech NSF [1205977]
UK DOE [DE-FG02-08ER41557]
DOE [DE-FG02-97ER41042]
Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
Division Of Physics [1306997] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Direct For Mathematical & Physical Scien
Division Of Physics [1205977, 1002814, 1307426] Funding Source: National Science Foundation

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Abstract

We present a review of the motivation and results of recent experiments which utilize ultracold neutrons for measurements of neutron beta decay. Because these experiments hinge critically on the available ultracold neutron source technology, we also review the status of ultracold neutron source development, emphasizing the Los Alamos ultracold neutron facility and the ongoing beta decay research program sited there.

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Article Physics, Nuclear

New high-sensitivity searches for neutrons converting into antineutrons and/or sterile neutrons at the HIBEAM/NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source

A. Addazi, K. Anderson, S. Ansell, K. S. Babu, J. L. Barrow, D. Baxter, P. M. Bentley, Z. Berezhiani, R. Bevilacqua, R. Biondi, C. Bohm, G. Brooijmans, L. J. Broussard, J. Cedercall, C. Crawford, P. S. B. Dev, D. D. DiJulio, A. D. Dolgov, K. Dunne, P. Fierlinger, M. R. Fitzsimmons, A. Fomin, M. J. Frost, S. Gardiner, S. Gardner, A. Galindo-Uribarri, P. Geltenbort, S. Girmohanta, P. Golubev, E. Golubeva, G. L. Greene, T. Greenshaw, V Gudkov, R. Hall-Wilton, L. Heilbronn, J. Herrero-Garcia, A. Holley, G. Ichikawa, T. M. Ito, E. Iverson, T. Johansson, L. Jonsson, Y-J Jwa, Y. Kamyshkov, K. Kanaki, E. Kearns, Z. Kokai, B. Kerbikov, M. Kitaguchi, T. Kittelmann, E. Klinkby, A. Kobakhidze, L. W. Koerner, B. Kopeliovich, A. Kozela, V Kudryavtsev, A. Kupsc, Y. T. Lee, M. Lindroos, J. Makkinje, J. Marquez, B. Meirose, T. M. Miller, D. Milstead, R. N. Mohapatra, T. Morishima, G. Muhrer, H. P. Mumm, K. Nagamoto, A. Nepomuceno, F. Nesti, V. V. Nesvizhevsky, T. Nilsson, A. Oskarsson, E. Paryev, R. W. Pattie, S. Penttil, H. Perrey, Y. N. Pokotilovski, I Potashnikovav, K. Ramic, C. Redding, J-M Richard, D. Ries, E. Rinaldi, N. Rizzi, N. Rossi, A. Ruggles, B. Rybolt, V Santoro, U. Sarkar, A. Saunders, G. Senjanovic, A. P. Serebrov, H. M. Shimizu, R. Shrock, S. Silverstein, D. Silvermyr, W. M. Snow, A. Takibayev, I Tkachev, L. Townsend, A. Tureanu, L. Varriano, A. Vainshtein, J. de Vries, R. Wagner, R. Woracek, Y. Yamagata, S. Yiu, A. R. Young, L. Zanini, Z. Zhang, O. Zimmer

Summary: The HIBEAM/NNBAR program is a proposed two-stage experiment at the European Spallation Source to search for baryon number violation, aiming to discover and characterize mixing in the neutron, antineutron, and sterile neutron sectors. This experiment addresses open questions related to baryogenesis, dark matter, and new physics scales, and has the potential to significantly increase sensitivity in neutron conversion probability tests.

JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS (2021)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Projection imaging with ultracold neutrons

K. Kuk, C. Cude-Woods, C. R. Chavez, J. H. Choi, J. Estrada, M. Hoffbauer, S. E. Holland, M. Makela, C. L. Morris, E. Ramberg, E. R. Adamek, T. Bailey, M. Blatnik, L. J. Broussard, M. A-P Brown, N. B. Callahan, S. M. Clayton, S. Currie, B. W. Filippone, E. M. Fries, P. Geltenbort, F. Gonzalez, M. T. Hassan, L. Hayen, K. P. Hickerson, A. T. Holley, T. M. Ito, C-Y Liu, P. Merkel, R. Musedinovic, C. O'Shaughnessy, R. W. Pattie, B. Plaster, D. J. Salvat, A. Saunders, E. Sharapov, X. Sun, Z. Tang, W. Wei, J. W. Wexler, A. R. Young, Zhehui Wang

Summary: UCN projection imaging demonstrated using boron-coated back-illuminated CCD camera and Los Alamos UCN source. Direct detection of neutron capture byproducts and reduced thermal noise in scientific CCD camera results in significant improvement in signal-to-noise ratio. bCCD with sub-pixel resolution, spatial resolution less than 100 μm, and large area is suitable for quantum science of UCN.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2021)

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Article Physics, Multidisciplinary

Improved Neutron Lifetime Measurement with UCNτ

F. M. Gonzalez, E. M. Fries, C. Cude-Woods, T. Bailey, M. Blatnik, L. J. Broussard, N. B. Callahan, J. H. Choi, S. M. Clayton, S. A. Currie, M. Dawid, E. B. Dees, B. W. Filippone, W. Fox, P. Geltenbort, E. George, L. Hayen, K. P. Hickerson, M. A. Hoffbauer, K. Hoffman, A. T. Holley, T. M. Ito, A. Komives, C-Y Liu, M. Makela, C. L. Morris, R. Musedinovic, C. O'Shaughnessy, R. W. Pattie, J. Ramsey, D. J. Salvat, A. Saunders, E. Sharapov, S. Slutsky, V Su, X. Sun, C. Swank, Z. Tang, W. Uhrich, J. Vanderwerp, P. Walstrom, Z. Wang, W. Wei, A. R. Young

Summary: This study reports an improved measurement of the free neutron lifetime using the UCN τ apparatus, with a value of τ(n) = 877.75 seconds obtained through multiple data acquisition campaigns.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A Search for Neutron to Mirror Neutron Oscillation Using Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Measurements

Prajwal Mohanmurthy, Albert R. Young, Jeff A. Winger, Geza Zsigmond

Summary: Baryon number violation is important for baryogenesis. The existence of mirror particles could lead to oscillation between neutrons and mirror-neutrons. Recent analysis of experiments searching for oscillation have found anomalies that could indicate the detection of neutron-mirror-neutron oscillation.

SYMMETRY-BASEL (2022)

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Article Nuclear Science & Technology

Growing solid deuterium for UCN production

Ekaterina Korobkina, Igor Berkutov, Robert Golub, Paul Huffman, Clark Hickman, Kent Leung, Graham Medlin, Matthew J. Morano, Thomas Rao, Cole Teander, Christian White, Albert R. Young

Summary: This study experimentally investigated the growth of a large ortho-deuterium crystal in a UCN source cryostat, and found that the crystal's quality, shape, and changes during annealing were highly dependent on the temperature profile of the cryostat walls.

JOURNAL OF NEUTRON RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

The development of the NNBAR experiment

F. Backman, J. Barrow, Y. Bessler, A. Bianchi, C. Bohm, G. Brooijmans, H. Calen, J. Cederkall, J. I. M. Damian, E. Dian, D. D. Di Julio, K. Dunne, L. Eklund, M. J. Ferreira, P. Fierlinger, U. Friman-Gayer, C. Happe, M. Holl, T. Johansson, Y. Kamyshkov, E. Klinkby, R. Kolevatov, A. Kupsc, B. Meirose, D. Milstead, A. Nepomuceno, T. Nilsson, A. Oskarsson, H. Perrey, K. Ramic, B. Rataj, N. Rizzi, V Santoro, S. Silverstein, W. M. Snow, A. Takibayev, R. Wagner, M. Wolke, S. C. Yiu, A. R. Young, L. Zanini, O. Zimmer

Summary: The NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source aims to search for free neutrons converting to antineutrons with significantly improved sensitivity compared to previous searches. This paper discusses progress towards a conceptual design report for NNBAR, detailing the design of various components such as moderator, neutron reflector, beamline, shielding and annihilation detector. Simulations used in the study help form a model that will be used to optimize the experiment design and quantify its sensitivity.

JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION (2022)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Design of an optimized nested-mirror neutron reflector for a NNBAR

R. Wagner, J. Barrow, C. Bohm, G. Brooijmans, H. Calen, J. Cederkall, J. Collin, K. Dunne, L. Eklund, P. Fierlinger, U. Friman-Gayer, M. Frost, M. Holl, T. Johansson, Y. Kamyshkov, E. Klinkby, A. Kupsc, B. Meirose, D. Milstead, A. Nepomuceno, T. Nilsson, A. Oskarsson, H. Perrey, B. Rataj, N. Rizzi, V. Santoro, S. Silverstein, A. Takibayev, M. Wolke, S. C. Yiu, A. R. Young, L. Zanini, O. Zimmer

Summary: The NNBAR experiment at the European Spallation Source aims to detect the conversion of free neutrons to antineutrons, with a sensitivity improvement three orders of magnitude higher than the previous search. This paper presents simulations of the neutron optical reflector, a key component of the experiment, and discusses the expected gains in sensitivity.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2023)

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Article Engineering, Electrical & Electronic

Needs, Trends, and Advances in Scintillators for Radiographic Imaging and Tomography

Zhehui Wang, Christophe Dujardin, Matthew S. Freeman, Amanda E. Gehring, James F. Hunter, Paul Lecoq, Wei Liu, Charles L. Melcher, C. L. Morris, Martin Nikl, Ghanshyam Pilania, Reeju Pokharel, Daniel G. Robertson, Daniel J. Rutstrom, Sky K. Sjue, Anton S. Tremsin, S. A. Watson, Brenden W. Wiggins, Nicola M. Winch, Mariya Zhuravleva

Summary: Radiographic imaging and tomography (RadIT) has evolved from Rontgen's X-ray work in 1895 and now encompasses a wide range of IT modalities. It plays a critical role in medical diagnosis and industrial applications, while also serving as a powerful tool for scintillator discovery and development.

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE (2023)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Simulation and validation studies of a large drift tube muon tracker

Guangliang Yang, Josh Schoetker, Dan Poulson, Elena Guardincerri, J. M. Durham, Sven Vogel, Shaun Hoerner, Derek Aberle, Ke-Xun Sun, C. L. Morris, Ralf Kaiser, Andrew Osborne

Summary: Cosmic ray muons are massive charged particles that can penetrate through dense material, making them ideal for nondestructive imaging. A Giant Muon Tracker was used to measure muon tracks passing through samples and validate a Monte Carlo simulation. The imaging results from the simulation and experiment showed excellent agreement.

REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS (2023)

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Article Physics, Nuclear

Precision pulse shape simulation for proton detection at the Nab experiment

Leendert Hayen, Jin Ha Choi, Dustin Combs, Stefan Baessler, Noah Birge, Leah J. Broussard, Christopher B. Crawford, Nadia Fomin, Michael Gericke, Francisco Gonzalez, Aaron Jezghani, Nick Macsai, Mark Makela, David G. Mathews, Russell Mammei, Mark McCrea, August Mendelsohn, Austin Nelsen, Grant Riley, Tom Shelton, Sky Sjue, Erick Smith, Albert R. Young, Bryan Zeck

Summary: The Nab experiment at Oak Ridge National Laboratory aims to measure the beta-antineutrino angular correlation following neutron decay with a precision of approximately 0.1%. Proton momentum is reconstructed through time-of-flight measurements, with careful control of potential systematic biases due to detector effects at the nanosecond level. This study presents a comprehensive simulation effort to provide precise pulse shapes and discusses relevant systematic effects and potential measurement schemes.

PHYSICAL REVIEW C (2023)

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Article Instruments & Instrumentation

Demonstration of sub-micron UCN position resolution using room-temperature CMOS sensor

S. Lin, J. K. Baldwin, M. Blatnik, S. M. Clayton, C. Cude-Woods, S. A. Currie, B. Filippone, E. M. Fries, P. Geltenbort, A. T. Holley, W. Li, C. -Y. Liu, M. Makela, C. L. Morris, R. Musedinovic, C. O'Shaughnessy, R. W. Pattie, D. J. Salvat, A. Saunders, E. I. Sharapov, M. Singh, X. Sun, Z. Tang, W. Uhrich, W. Wei, B. Wolfe, A. R. Young, Z. Wang

Summary: This study utilizes physics-informed deep learning to enhance the experimental position resolution of ultracold neutron (UCN) measurements, achieving sub-micron spatial resolutions. Synthetic hit images with ground-truth position labels are generated using open-source software, and a fully-connected neural network is trained to learn the mapping from input hit images to output hit position.

NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT (2023)

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Proceedings Paper Nuclear Science & Technology

Search for beyond standard model physics in free neutron decay

A. Kozela, K. Bodek, J. Choi, L. DeKeukeleere, K. Dhanmeher, M. Engler, G. Gupta, K. Lojek, K. Pysz, D. Ries, D. Rozpedzik, N. Severijns, T. Soldner, B. Wloch, N. Yazdandoost, A. R. Young, J. Zejma

Summary: In this study, a Mott polarimetry and the combination of the time of flight method were applied to measure the transverse polarization components of electrons from free neutron decay and reconstruct the momentum of protons. This allowed access to eleven correlation coefficients of the neutron beta-decay. The successful measurement of some of these coefficients provides unique access to exotic scalar and tensor couplings of weak interactions and offers new constraints on their imaginary part.

28TH INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR PHYSICS CONFERENCE, INPC 2022 (2023)

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Article Physics, Nuclear

Fill and dump measurement of the neutron lifetime using an asymmetric magneto-gravitational trap

C. Cude-Woods, F. M. Gonzalez, E. M. Fries, T. Bailey, M. Blatnik, N. B. Callahan, J. H. Choi, S. M. Clayton, S. A. Currie, M. Dawid, B. W. Filippone, W. Fox, P. Geltenbort, E. George, L. Hayen, K. P. Hickerson, M. A. Hoffbauer, K. Hoffman, A. T. Holley, T. M. Ito, A. Komives, C. -y. Liu, M. Makela, C. L. Morris, R. Musedinovic, C. O'Shaughnessy, R. W. Pattie, J. Ramsey, D. J. Salvat, A. Saunders, E. I. Sharapov, S. Slutsky, V. Su, X. Sun, C. Swank, Z. Tang, W. Uhrich, J. Vanderwerp, P. Walstrom, Z. Wang, W. Wei, A. R. Young

Summary: In the past two decades, there have been new measurements and reanalysis of older measurements of the neutron lifetime. These measurements have revealed a significant discrepancy between different techniques used. In this paper, we introduce a new measurement method and present a result that is consistent with previous studies.

PHYSICAL REVIEW C (2022)

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