Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Patrick Komiske, W. Patrick McCormack, Benjamin Nachman
Summary: The study investigates how to preserve information about physics beyond the Standard Model through full phase space unfolding, particularly in exotic Higgs boson decays with high signal cross section at the LHC. It reveals that information about new physics is visible in the unfolded data when the signal cross section is high, but in some cases, the unfolding may not work fully or precisely. This research serves as an important benchmark for enhancing unfolding methods for the LHC and beyond.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Akira Kubo, Masaki Shimizu
Summary: This study presents a consistent RL algorithm based on the low-dimensional property of viscous flow, which is shown to be more stable and efficient than existing algorithms, even with a small number of observables.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Mubarak Alqahtani, Michael Strickland
Summary: Based on experimental data, 3+1D quasiparticle anisotropic hydrodynamics can well describe bulk observables in 5.02 TeV Pb-Pb collisions, especially showing excellent descriptive capability for the momentum dependence of K/pi and p/pi ratios in the 0-5% centrality class reported by the ALICE collaboration.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
A. Jencova, S. Pulmannova
Summary: This paper examines two special classes of synaptic algebras and investigates the relations between sharp and fuzzy observables on these two types of algebras.
FUZZY SETS AND SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Dimitrios Giataganas, Nikolaos Pappas, Nicolaos Toumbas
Summary: We study holographically nonlocal observables in field theories at finite temperature and in the large d limit. The large d limit simplifies the analysis for nonlocal observables and retains their qualitative physical properties. We also study the monotonicity of the coefficient alpha of the entanglement's area term and find its convergence at large d. The expectation values of the observables show rapid convergence as d increases and the extrapolation of the large d limit agrees well with numerical analysis.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tom Rudelius
Summary: Constraints on scalar field potentials and light massive states in asymptotic limits of scalar field space are correlated with defining asymptotic observables in expanding cosmologies, which could shed light on the swampland program and the weak gravity conjecture in cosmology.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Chunjian Zhang, Somadutta Bhatta, Jiangyong Jia
Summary: Research has shown that the ratios of v(2) and v(3) in isobar collisions remain unchanged despite variations in final-state effects, making them a clean probe of the initial conditions of the quark-gluon plasma.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Marco Lanucara, Robert J. Daddato
Summary: We introduce new observables of the cosmic microwave background radiation that can be measured through the detection of high order modes. These observables, when combined with the currently detected modes, have the potential to further constrain the validity of cosmological theories.
EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hsin-Yuan Huang, Richard Kueng, John Preskill
Summary: A derandomization procedure is proposed to efficiently estimate expectation values of many Pauli observables, ensuring performance at least as good as randomized measurements. For estimating low-weight Pauli observables, only a logarithmic number of copies of a quantum state are needed for deterministic measurements. In certain cases, the derandomized procedure outperforms the randomized one, as shown in numerical experiments estimating ground-state energies of small molecules.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Brij Mohan, Arun Kumar Pati
Summary: We investigate the limits on the evolution speed of quantum systems in both the Schrödinger and Heisenberg pictures. We derive time bounds for the evolution of observables in closed systems, open quantum systems, and systems with arbitrary dynamics. Additionally, we discuss various applications of these bounds, including operator growth, correlation growth, quantum thermal machines, quantum control, and many-body physics.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ke Wang, Shao-Fei Chen, Bo-Chao Liu
Summary: In this work, the spin density matrix element rho(00) of phi in the decay J/psi -> eta pi phi is studied. The measurement of this spin density matrix element offers an alternative way to study triangle singularity and clarify reaction mechanisms. This work also demonstrates the potential of using spin observables to study kinematic singularities.
Review
Mechanics
Xiaohua Wu
Summary: Transitional-turbulent spots play a crucial role in engineering flows by bridging the gap between laminar and turbulent states. Over the years, research on turbulent spots has expanded to various types of flows, including hypersonic boundary layer flow, turbomachinery flow, and complex flows. Important progress has been made in understanding the origin, growth, interaction, and self-organization of turbulent spots. Additionally, the hypothesis that transitional-turbulent spots are a fundamental module of fully turbulent boundary layers has been supported by the discovery of locally generated turbulent-turbulent spots. This review discusses these advancements and highlights future research directions.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tejhas Kapoor, Emi Kou
Summary: This paper investigates the time-dependent angular analysis of B0s -> oo decay to search for new physics signals using CP-violating observables. A new physics Hamiltonian with left- and right-handed chromomagnetic dipole operators is used. The hierarchy of helicity amplitudes in this model provides a novel experimental search scheme distinct from LHCb's analysis. Sensitivity studies on pseudo datasets generated with LHCb's measured values show a sensitivity of CP-violating observables at the level of 5-7% with the current LHCb statistics. Additionally, a revised table of coefficients for time-dependent terms in the angular decay distribution is presented, along with possibilities to couple Belle(II)'s B0 degrees -> oKs and LHCb's B0s -> oo measurements in the model to determine the chirality of the new physics.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Paolo Di Vecchia, Carlo Heissenberg, Rodolfo Russo, Gabriele Veneziano
Summary: In this paper, two possible eikonal operators encoding the effects of classical radiation as coherent states of gravitons are proposed, and it is shown how to compute different classical observables from them. The first proposal includes only genuinely propagating gravitons, while the second adds zero-frequency modes to recover the effects of a static gravitational field. The author calculated the radiated energy momentum and the change in each particle's momentum up to 3PM order, finding agreement with previous literature. The angular momentum of the gravitational field after the collision and the variation in each particle's angular momentum up to 3PM are also calculated, and the eikonal operator's encoding of the linear-response formula of Bini-Damour is derived.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Giacomo Sorelli, Manuel Gessner, Mattia Walschaers, Nicolas Treps
Summary: The study proposes a method for constructing estimators that saturate the Cramer-Rao bound in practical situations for the distance between two thermal point sources. This includes addressing practical imperfections such as misalignment, cross talk, and detector noise.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Fernando G. Gardim, Frederique Grassi, Pedro Ishida, Matthew Luzum, Jean-Yves Ollitrault
Summary: This translation discusses a Principal Component Analysis conducted on a hydrodynamic simulation and compares it with experimental data from CMS. While the results for anisotropic flow are reasonable, they are qualitatively different for multiplicity fluctuations, possibly due to larger transverse momentum fluctuations and covariance in the simulation compared to experimental observations. This discrepancy could be related to excessive initial size fluctuations.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Jean-Francois Paquet
Summary: Multistage models based on relativistic viscous hydrodynamics have been successful in describing hadron measurements from relativistic nuclear collisions, with Bayesian analyses providing systematic constraints on the viscosities of QCD. This manuscript discusses recent developments in Bayesian analyses of heavy ion collision data, emphasizing the importance of closure tests and the role of emulators as proxies for multistage theoretical models. The ongoing Bayesian analysis of soft hadron measurements by the JETSCAPE Collaboration is used as context for the discussion.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Maurice Coquet, Xiaojian Du, Jean-Yves Ollitrault, Soeren Schlichting, Michael Winn
Summary: This study investigates the effect of the transverse mass Mt on the spectrum of dileptons produced by the quark-gluon plasma. The violations of Mt scaling are evaluated as a function of the shear viscosity to entropy ratio (eta/s) that controls the equilibration time. The research also determines the dependence of the spectrum on system size, centrality, rapidity, and collision energy.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Rupam Samanta, Joao Paulo Picchetti, Matthew Luzum, Jean-Yves Ollitrault
Summary: In ultrarelativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions, the transverse momentum per particle fluctuates event by event for a given multiplicity. These fluctuations have been predicted and observed to have nonzero skewness, in addition to being small and approximately Gaussian. We propose that the skewness is driven by the increase of the mean transverse momentum with impact parameter, assuming that fluctuations are Gaussian at a fixed impact parameter and non-Gaussianities result solely from impact parameter fluctuations. Based on recent data, we make quantitative predictions for the skewness and kurtosis of the transverse momentum fluctuations as a function of collision multiplicity, particularly predicting a remarkable increase of the skewness below the knee of the multiplicity distribution followed by a rapid decrease.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
T. Nunes da Silva, D. D. Chinellato, A. V. Giannini, J. Takahashi, M. N. Ferreira, G. S. Denicol, M. Hippert, J. Noronha, M. Luzum
Summary: By studying p-Pb collisions, this study finds that the effects of assuming a conformal evolution in the prehydrodynamical stage are even more important in smaller systems. The study also shows that this effect is dependent on the time duration of the pre-equilibrium stage, which is further enhanced in small systems. Additionally, the study demonstrates that a free-streaming assumption with subluminal velocity for the pre-equilibrium stage can alleviate the contamination of final-state observables.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Mathis Pepin, Peter Christiansen, Stephane Munier, Jean-Yves Ollitrault
Summary: We propose a Bayesian method to reconstruct event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations and rapidity correlations in p + Pb collisions without assuming any model of the collision dynamics. The method is tested on Monte Carlo simulations and applied to ATLAS data, showing that the Angantyr model overestimates the fluctuations. We also observe that as rapidity increases, both the multiplicity density and its relative event-by-event fluctuation increase.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
W. Fan, G. Vujanovic, S. A. Bass, A. Majumder, A. Angerami, R. Arora, S. Cao, Y. Chen, T. Dai, L. Du, R. Ehlers, H. Elfner, R. J. Fries, C. Gale, Y. He, M. Heffernan, U. Heinz, B. V. Jacak, P. M. Jacobs, S. Jeon, Y. Ji, K. Kauder, L. Kasper, W. Ke, M. Kelsey, M. Kordell II, A. Kumar, J. Latessa, Y. -J. Lee, D. Liyanage, A. Lopez, M. Luzum, S. Mak, A. Mankolli, C. Martin, H. Mehryar, T. Mengel, J. Mulligan, C. Nattrass, D. Oliinychenko, J. -f. Paquet, J. H. Putschke, G. Roland, B. Schenke, L. Schwiebert, A. Sengupta, C. Shen, A. Silva, C. Sirimanna, D. Soeder, R. A. Soltz, I. Soudi, J. Staudenmaier, M. Strickland, Y. Tachibana, J. Velkovska, X. -N. Wang, R. L. Wolpert, W. Zhao
Summary: In this work, the interaction between charm quarks and the quark gluon plasma (QGP) is studied using the higher twist formalism and the linearized Boltzmann transport formalism. The MATTER model is used for high virtuality and high energy interactions, while the coherence effect is taken into account. The interplay between these two formalisms is used to describe the nuclear modification factor RAA of D-mesons and charged hadrons across multiple centralities.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Matthew Luzum, Mauricio Hippert, Jean-Yves Ollitrault
Summary: There is increasing interest in using high-energy collisions to probe the structure of nuclei. This study proposes a method for efficiently carrying out systematic studies of nuclear structure in high-energy collisions by varying parameters representing nuclear properties and using the shifting of positions of nucleons in Monte-Carlo samples. It shows that this method can dramatically reduce statistical demands, potentially reducing the required number of simulated events by orders of magnitude.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A
(2023)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
A. Kumar, Y. Tachibana, C. Sirimanna, G. Vujanovic., S. Cao., A. Majumder, Y. Chen, L. Du, R. Ehlers, D. Everett, W. Fan, Y. He, J. Mulligan, C. Park, A. Angerami, R. Arora, S. A. Bass, T. Dai, H. Elfner, R. J. Fries, C. Gale, F. Garza, M. Heffernan, U. Heinz, B. V. Jacak, P. M. Jacobs, S. Jeon, K. Kauder, L. Kasper, W. Ke, M. Kelsey, B. Kim, M. Kordell, J. Latessa, Y. -j. Lee, D. Liyanage, A. Lopez, M. Luzum, S. Mak, A. Mankolli, C. Martin, H. Mehryar, T. Mengel, C. Nattrass, D. Oliinychenko, J. -F. Paquet, J. H. Putschke, G. Roland, B. Schenke, L. Schwiebert, A. Sengupta, C. Shen, A. Silva, D. Soeder, R. A. Soltz, J. Staudenmaier, M. Strickland, J. Velkovska, X. -N. Wang, R. L. Wolpert
Summary: We present a new study on jet interactions in the quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions, focusing on modifications in the rate of inclusive jets and high-pT hadrons. We calculate jet energy loss in two stages and include coherence effects. Experimental measurements at RHIC and LHC are compared to our calculations, and we find that they can be described without rescaling the jet transport coefficient.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
A. Giannini, M. N. Ferreira, M. Hippert, D. D. Chinellato, G. S. Denicol, M. Luzum, J. Noronha, T. Nunes da Silva, J. Takahashi
Summary: An outstanding problem in heavy-ion collisions is the inability of models to accurately describe ultracentral experimental flow data. Despite being in the regime where a hydrodynamic description should be most applicable, tension with experimental observation remains and worsens as one goes to ultracentral collisions. New elements are likely needed in the standard modeling of heavy-ion collisions.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Renan Hirayama, Frederique Grassi, Willian Matioli Serenone, Jean-Yves Ollitrault
Summary: We propose a fast and simple method for computing cumulants of net-proton or net-charge fluctuations in event-by-event hydrodynamic simulations of heavy-ion collisions. The method calculates the mean numbers of particles in each hydrodynamic event and expresses cumulants as a function of these mean numbers, while accounting for global conservation laws. Testing with ideal hydrodynamic simulations of Au+Au collisions at N/sNN = 200A GeV using the NeXSPheRIO code, the results show good agreement with experimental data on net-proton and net-charge fluctuations by the STAR Collaboration.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
D. Everett, D. Oliinychenko, M. Luzum, J. -f. Paquet, G. Vujanovic, S. A. Bass, L. Du, C. Gale, M. Heffernan, U. Heinz, L. Kasper, W. Ke, D. Liyanage, A. Majumder, A. Mankolli, C. Shen, D. Soeder, J. Velkovska, A. Angerami, R. Arora, S. Cao, Y. Chen, T. Dai, R. Ehlers, H. Elfner, W. Fan, R. J. Fries, F. Garza, Y. He, B. Jacak, P. M. Jacobs, S. Jeon, M. Kelsey, M. Kordell II, A. Kumar, J. Latessa, Y. -j. Lee, A. Lopez, S. Mak, C. Martin, H. Mehryar, T. Mengel, J. Mulligan, C. Nattrass, J. H. Putschke, G. Roland, B. Schenke, L. Schwiebert, A. Silva, C. Sirimanna, R. A. Soltz, J. Staudenmaier, M. Strickland, Y. Tachibana, X. -n. Wang, R. L. Wolpert
Summary: In this study, a Bayesian-calibrated multistage viscous hydrodynamic model was used to investigate the deuteron yield, mean transverse momentum, and flow observables in Pb-Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. The theoretical uncertainties in deuteron production, including the contribution of thermal deuterons, models for the subsequent formation of deuterons, and the sensitivity to the hydrodynamic model, were explored. The results showed that each of these theoretical uncertainties had a significant impact on the results, with bulk viscosity being particularly important for an accurate treatment of deuteron production.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Kianusch Vahid Yousefnia, Atharva Kotibhaskar, Rajeev Bhalerao, Jean -Yves Ollitrault
Summary: This study presents a robust method based on Bayesian inference to reconstruct fluctuations and correlations at fixed impact parameter. By applying the method to ATLAS data, it is found that multiplicity fluctuations are smaller at large rapidity compared to around central rapidity. Simple analyses are suggested to confirm this effect.
