Article
Statistics & Probability
Jonathan Hermon, Justin Salez
Summary: Introduced by Lu and Yau, the martingale decomposition method has proven to be a powerful recursive strategy for producing sharp log-Sobolev inequalities in homogeneous particle systems. By demonstrating the potential for an appropriate coupling, the researchers were able to overcome the difficulties posed by certain covariance terms in heterogeneous models. Their main result is a dimension-free modified log-Sobolev inequality for zero-range processes on the complete graph, which resolves an open problem raised by previous researchers. This approach is believed to be straightforward enough for application to various systems.
ANNALS OF APPLIED PROBABILITY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Chandrashekar Iyer, Arghya Das, Mustansir Barma
Summary: In this study, extreme value statistics were used to investigate the dynamics of coarsening in aggregation-fragmentation models that form condensates in the steady state. The dynamics are mainly governed by the formation of local condensates on a coarsening length scale, which increases with time in both zero range process and conserved mass aggregation model. The distribution of local condensate mass exhibits scaling, indicating unusually large fluctuations with mean and standard deviation proportional to the coarsening length. Interestingly, the system's state during coarsening is determined not by the steady state, but by a preasymptotic state with strong fluctuations in condensate mass.
Article
Operations Research & Management Science
Bar Light
Summary: In the context of multiperiod stochastic optimization problems, the analysis of how the expected value of future optimal decisions changes with dynamic optimization parameters is referred to as stochastic comparative statics. The study presents results on how both current and future optimal decisions respond to changes in the single-period payoff function, discount factor, initial state of the system, and transition probability function, applied to various models in economics and operations research.
MATHEMATICS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Gabriele Gotti, Stefano Iubini, Paolo Politi
Summary: In one-dimensional open systems, lattice models can exhibit a condensation transition when the density of a suitable order parameter exceeds a critical value. Localization phenomena can arise in an internal portion of the lattice when the system is out of equilibrium.
Article
Mechanics
Kaixuan Zhang, Jiayi Zhao, Yang Liu, Shuo Chen
Summary: This paper presents an analytical prediction of the jumping velocity for droplets undergoing electrowetting on textured hydrophobic surfaces with different wetting states. The effects of the initial and electrowetting states, as well as the energy conversion between different energy forms, on the jumping velocity are systematically discussed. Closed-form formulas for the jumping velocity of different droplet wetting states are derived, and a unified form for predicting the electrowetting-induced jumping velocity on both flat and textured substrates is obtained.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ivan Gnusov, Stella Harrison, Sergey Alyatkin, Kirill Sitnik, Julian Toepfer, Helgi Sigurdsson, Pavlos Lagoudakis
Summary: In this study, the rotating bucket experiment was realized for the optically trapped quantum fluid of light based on the exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensate in a semiconductor microcavity. The appearance of quantized vortices was observed, providing a means for fundamental studies of different superfluids.
Article
Biology
Jared A. Balik, Hamish S. Greig, Brad W. Taylor, Scott A. Wissinger
Summary: Climate-driven range shifts of species impact the functional roles and processes in ecosystems, but the specific consequences are largely unknown. By studying subalpine pond caddisfly assemblages, we found that resident and expanding species play different roles in nutrient supply and detritus processing. While a dominant resident species regulates nitrogen supply, a range expanding species displaced the dominant species in regulating phosphorus supply. However, overall ecosystem process rates remained unchanged during these range shifts.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hanlin Sun, David Saad, Andrey Y. Lokhov
Summary: Competition and collaboration play crucial roles in multiagent probabilistic spreading processes, with examples including competitive marketing campaigns and joint spread of infectious diseases. By deriving dynamic message-passing equations and developing low-complexity models, the dynamics of spreading processes on networks can be predicted. A theoretical framework for optimal control through optimized resource allocation has been proposed, and the efficacy of the framework and optimization method has been demonstrated on both synthetic and real-world networks.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
T. Bland, E. Poli, C. Politi, L. Klaus, M. A. Norcia, F. Ferlaino, L. Santos, R. N. Bisset
Summary: A robust supersolid state can be formed in a two-dimensional system by directly evaporative cooling into the supersolid phase. The research provides a theoretical basis for the formation process of two-dimensional supersolids and defines a practical path to the formation of large two-dimensional supersolid arrays.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Elisabetta Canteri, Stuart C. Brown, Niels Martin Schmidt, Rasmus Heller, David Nogues-Bravo, Damien A. Fordham
Summary: This study used multiple approaches including modern and fossil occurrence records, ancient DNA, spatiotemporal reconstructions of past climatic change, and species-specific population ecology to analyze the ecological mechanisms behind the decline and extinction of muskox in Eurasia and its expansion in North America. The results show that climatic change played a key role in driving muskox distribution shifts and demographic changes, with human activities also contributing to population declines. This research highlights the vulnerability of muskox to future warming and emphasizes the importance of using process-explicit macroecological models for the conservation and management of this iconic species in the Arctic.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Mathematical
Detlev Buchholz
Summary: Within the algebraic framework of canonical commutation relations in position space, long-range order between particles in bounded regions is established in states with a sufficiently large particle number. This order occurs when homogeneous proper (infinite) condensates form locally in the states as the density approaches infinity. The condensates are described by eigenstates of the momentum operator, including cases where they are streaming with a constant velocity. The presented arguments are model-independent and provide a new criterion for the occurrence of condensates, based on the characterization of regular and singular wave functions.
JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Qinlong Chen, Christian Klumpner, Md Rishad Ahmed
Summary: This article proposes an innovative unbalanced dc-link capacitor voltage buck converter with a broad soft switching range. The converter achieves zero voltage switching through an auxiliary network, reducing losses and improving efficiency.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Samuel N. Alperin, Natalia G. Berloff
Summary: This paper investigates a generic mechanism of breather formation by simultaneously driving a polariton condensate with both nonresonant and nth order resonant pump frequencies. It constructs a family of exotic breathers with nontrivial discrete order of rotational symmetry for the second order resonance. Furthermore, it demonstrates the spontaneous emergence of crystalline and glassy orderings of lattices of polygonal breathers, depending on the degree of polygonal excitations at the lattice sites.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Qian Jia, Haibo Qiu, Antonio Munoz Mateo
Summary: By studying the collisions between chiral solitons, we find that different dynamic mechanisms of collision can lead to oscillatory and interference phenomena, and the amplitude of chiral solitons is reduced. Through numerical simulations and analysis, we also find that the harmonic confinement has a significant influence on the generation and interaction of chiral solitons.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Thomas Easton, Marios Kokmotos, Giovanni Barontini
Summary: We numerically study the formation of vortex clusters in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates where vortices are initially imprinted in a line. We show that such a system exhibits a rich phenomenology depending on the distance at which the vortices are imprinted and their number. Our work sets the stage for possible experimental implementations where the formation of vortex clusters and more exotic bound states of vortices could be observed.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
