Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
F. Batsch, P. Muggli, R. Agnello, C. C. Ahdida, M. C. Amoedo Goncalves, Y. Andrebe, O. Apsimon, R. Apsimon, A-M Bachmann, M. A. Baistrukov, P. Blanchard, F. Braunmueller, P. N. Burrows, B. Buttenschoen, A. Caldwell, J. Chappell, E. Chevallay, M. Chung, D. A. Cooke, H. Damerau, C. Davut, G. Demeter, H. L. Deubner, S. Doebert, J. Farmer, A. Fasoli, V. N. Fedosseev, R. Fiorito, R. A. Fonseca, F. Friebel, I Furno, L. Garolfi, S. Gessner, I Gorgisyan, A. A. Gorn, E. Granados, M. Granetzny, T. Graubner, O. Grulke, E. Gschwendtner, V Hafych, A. Helm, J. R. Henderson, M. Huther, I. Yu Kargapolov, S-Y Kim, F. Kraus, M. Krupa, T. Lefevre, L. Liang, S. Liu, N. Lopes, K. Lotov, M. Martyanov, S. Mazzoni, D. Medina Godoy, V. A. Minakov, J. T. Moody, K. Moon, P. I. Morales Guzman, M. Moreira, T. Nechaeva, E. Nowak, C. Pakuza, H. Panuganti, A. Pardons, A. Perera, J. Pucek, A. Pukhov, R. L. Ramjiawan, S. Rey, K. Rieger, O. Schmitz, E. Senes, L. O. Silva, R. Speroni, R. Spitsyn, C. Stollberg, A. Sublet, A. Topaloudis, N. Torrado, P. Tuev, M. Turner, F. Velotti, L. Verra, V. A. Verzilov, J. Vieira, H. Vincke, C. P. Welsch, M. Wendt, M. Wing, P. Wiwattananon, J. Wolfenden, B. Woolley, G. Xia, M. Zepp, G. Zevi Della Porta
Summary: The experiment demonstrates that sufficient initial amplitude (>= 4.1 MV/m) leads to reproducibility of phase along the proton bunch during self-modulation in plasma. However, lower initial amplitudes do not result in reproducible phase, highlighting the importance of phase reproducibility for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Kostromin, A. Sidorin
Summary: The NICA/MPD project aims to explore the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter in the region of high compression by studying signs of phase transitions and critical phenomena in heavy ion collisions. Flexibility in operational procedures and beam cooling are key to achieving high luminosity and peak luminosity over a wide energy range.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
V. I. Alekseev, A. N. Eliseev, O. O. Ivashchuk, I. A. Kishin, A. S. Kubankin, A. N. Oleinik, V. S. Sotnikova, A. S. Chepurnov, Y. V. Grigoriev, A. V. Shchagin
Summary: This study experimentally demonstrates for the first time the deflection of a relativistic electron beam using a pyroelectric deflector. The operating principle of the deflector relies on the generation of a strong transverse electric field in a vacuum using the pyroelectric effect. The experiments show that a 7 MeV electron beam can be deflected by 26 mrad in a transverse electric field with a strength of about 100 kV/cm, achieved by varying the temperature of a pair of pyroelectric crystals. The study also discusses the potential application of sequentially installed pyroelectric deflectors in pyroelectric undulators for generating undulator radiation by a relativistic electron beam without the need for an external high voltage power supply.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Zhi Yang, Xu-Chang Zheng, Xing -Gang Wu
Summary: The upgraded version of the BEEC event generator allows for the simulation of quarkonium production with polarized electron and positron beams, including the production of color-singlet 2S-wave states. It provides a useful tool for studying the feasibility of quarkonium production from an experimental perspective.
COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Review
Mathematics
Chenyu Li, Baoyi Chen
Summary: This article reviews recent studies on the anisotropic flows (v(1), v(2), v(3)) of charmonium in the quark-gluon plasma formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. It is found that the collective flows of the bulk medium are developed due to the anisotropic pressure gradient of the medium. Charm quarks, strongly coupled with the medium, carry the collective flows from the expanding medium, which are then inherited by the regenerated charmonium through the coalescence process. The initial energy density of the medium exhibits triangularity in event-by-event collisions where nucleon positions fluctuate. As a result, triangular flows of the bulk medium and heavy flavor particles can be developed. Furthermore, the rotation of the medium in non-central heavy-ion collisions induces a rapidity-odd distribution of the initial energy density in the longitudinal direction. This leads to biased dissociation of charmonium in the forward (backward) rapidity along positive and negative x-directions, resulting in non-zero directed flow of charmonium. The directed, elliptic, and triangular flows (v(1), v(2), v(3)) of charmonium arise from the anisotropic initial distributions of the medium energy density in both the transverse and longitudinal directions.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hyock-Jun Son, Young-Ho Park, Taeksu Shin, Sergey Kondrashev, Moses Chung
Summary: The vacuum system of the RAON EBIS charge breeder is crucial for achieving the desired charge state, breeding efficiency, and beam purity, requiring a strict control of vacuum levels. High-temperature vacuum firing and testing ensure the system meets the necessary vacuum requirements.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
O. V. Bogdanov, Yu. L. Pivovarov, T. A. Tukhfatullin, H. Geissel, N. Kuzminchuk-Feuerstein, S. Purushothaman, C. Scheidenberger
Summary: The computer simulations highlighted that ions with similar ratios of mass number A and ion charge Ze exhibit comparable trajectories and angular distributions when channeling through half-wavelength crystals. Additionally, the efficiency of ion deflection by a single tungsten half-wavelength crystal was studied for Xe-129, Pb-208, and U-238 ions at 300 MeV/u and 30 GeV/u. Moreover, it was shown that placing and rotating two half-wavelength crystals sequentially by the critical channeling angle could double the deflection angle.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Huda Alalawi, Mubarak Alqahtani, Michael Strickland
Summary: This review presents the motivation for using relativistic anisotropic hydrodynamics to study the physics of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions and highlights the main ingredients of the 3+1D quasiparticle anisotropic hydrodynamics model, as well as phenomenological comparisons with experimental data.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jun-Hong Liu, Santosh K. Das, Vincenzo Greco, Marco Ruggieri
Summary: This study investigates the diffusion of charm quarks in the early stage of high energy nuclear collisions and introduces the concept of color current carried by heavy quarks. The impact of diffusion on the nuclear modification factor is calculated and analyzed, showing a memory effect of the color force acting on charm quarks.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Ken Katagiri, Kensei Kawamura, Takashi Wakui, Masayuki Muramatsu, Noriyosu Hayashizaki
Summary: The numerical analyzes have determined the appropriate shape of the inner electrodes to achieve a compact size and sufficient number of confined ions for heavy-ion therapy, in addition to mitigating the instability of the hollow electron beam with an electron reflector mode. Experimental tests have shown that both electron-beam and ion-beam tests have met the desired target values, indicating the potential for improvements in the newly developed compact EBIS specialized for the production of ions used in heavy-ion therapy.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Felix M. Kroeger, Guenter Weber, Simon Hirlaender, Reyes Alemany-Fernandez, Mieczyslaw W. Krasny, Thomas Stoehlker, Inga Yu Tolstikhina, Viacheslav P. Shevelko
Summary: This study discusses the evolution of charge states of relativistic lead ions passing through a thin aluminum stripper foil, in support of the Gamma Factory project at CERN. Predicted conversion from Pb54+ to Pb80+ and Pb81+ ions was successfully achieved during beam tests, with reasonable agreement between calculations and experimental data. This research lays the foundation for optimizing charge state yields for future experiments within the Gamma Factory project.
ANNALEN DER PHYSIK
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
David d'Enterria, Malak Ait Tamlihat, Laurent Schoeffel, Hua-Sheng Shao, Yahya Tayalati
Summary: This study investigates the discovery potential of massive spin-2 particles coupled to standard model fields in photon-photon collisions at the LHC and electron-positron collisions. The focus is on a massive graviton G coupled to the electromagnetic field, which leads to a resonant excess of diphotons at the LHC and triphoton final states at e+e- colliders through the decay process G gamma gamma. Existing experimental bounds on the ALP-gamma coupling are reinterpreted to determine exclusion limits on the G-gamma coupling.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chuen-Lin Tien, Hong-Yi Lin, Kuan-Sheng Cheng, Chih-Kai Chang
Summary: A new laser protective lens based on a multilayered notch filter design with low residual stress and low surface roughness has been developed. The experimental results show that the optical transmittance meets the design requirements, with a transmittance of 0.2% at the center wavelength and an average transmittance of 70% in the transmission band.
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Zi-Wei Lin, Liang Zheng
Summary: The AMPT model is a self-contained multi-phase transport model based on kinetic theory, used for describing relativistic nuclear collisions. It consists of four main components: fluctuating initial condition, parton cascade, hadronization, and hadron cascade. Future developments aim to better study the properties of dense matter created in relativistic collisions of small or large systems.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Dalla Torre, B. Surrow
Summary: ATHENA has been designed to be a versatile detector for the Electron-Ion Collider, capable of meeting all scientific requirements. It features precise tracking and momentum resolution, high-performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry, wide-range hadron identification, and nearly complete hermeticity. This article presents the detector design and its expected performance in the key physics channels.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
