Evaluation of Paeonia emodi and its gold nanoparticles for cardioprotective and antihyperlipidemic potentials

Paeonia emodi Wall. ex Royle is an important member of family Paeoniaceae and folklorically used for constipation, hysteria, respiratory diseases, epilepsy and cardiac diseases like hypertension, palpitations, congestive heart failure and atherosclerosis. In the present study, ethyl acetate fraction of P. emodi (Pe.EA) was subjected to column chromatography to obtain sub-fractions. These sub -fractions were screened for their cardioprotective activity in isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) induced myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. The most active fraction Pe. EA 40 was used for its gold nanoparticles synthesis (Pe.EA 40-AuNPs). Pe.EA 40 and Pe.EA 40-AuNPs were investigated for their cardioprotective, antihyperlipidemic, DNA fragmentation assay and histopathological study. Pe.EA 40 (80 mg/kg body weight) significantly reduced the serum levels of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) to 66.07 +/- 1.54, 77.08 +/- 1.79, 84.86 +/- 1.34 and 265.34 +/- 4.34 IU/L respectively as compared to ISO treated group. Pe.EA 40-AuNPs (40 mg/kg) reduced the levels of ALT, AST, CPK and LDH to 60.74 +/- 2.79, 75.47 +/- 1.67, 80.48 +/- 2.64 and 247.54. +/- 5.57 IU/L respectively. A significant reduction was observed in lipid profile, protection in DNA damage and restoration of histopathological changes as compared to ISO treated group. Based on the results, it can be suggested that preparation of Pe.EA 40-AuNPs enhances the therapeutic potential of plant extract for the treatment of atherosclerosis and MI.