Article
Critical Care Medicine
Yohei Migiyama, Shinya Sakata, Shinji Iyama, Kentaro Tokunaga, Koichi Saruwatari, Yusuke Tomita, Sho Saeki, Shinichiro Okamoto, Hidenori Ichiyasu, Takuro Sakagami
Summary: High peak density of P. aeruginosa is associated with higher inflammation and more severe respiratory infections in mechanically ventilated patients, leading to fewer ventilator-free days and increased ICU mortality. Antibiotic therapy for patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis was found to be effective only in the high peak P. aeruginosa density group, highlighting the potential of bacterial density as a therapeutic indicator for this condition.
Article
Microbiology
Tzu-Ting Chen, Yun-Fu Chang, Yea-Chwen Wu
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the use and side effects of fosfomycin in critically ill patients in Taiwan. The study included 42 patients who received fosfomycin treatment from a teaching hospital. The main indication for fosfomycin use was urinary tract infections, with Escherichia coli being the most frequently identified pathogen. The study found that fosfomycin combined with other drugs had a high clinical success rate and may be an effective and safe antibiotic for multidrug-resistant infections in critically ill patients.
Article
Respiratory System
Michael R. Loebinger, Eva Polverino, James D. Chalmers, Harm A. W. M. Tiddens, Herman Goossens, Michael Tunney, Felix C. Ringshausen, Adam T. Hill, Rashidkhan Pathan, Gerhild Angyalosi, Francesco Blasi, Stuart J. Elborn, Charles S. Haworth
Summary: In patients with bronchiectasis, both continuous and cyclical regimens of TIP with different doses were shown to be safe and effective in reducing P. aeruginosa sputum density, as well as decreasing pulmonary exacerbations and the need for anti-pseudomonal antibiotics.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yue-liang Xie, Xin Jin, Shan-shan Yan, Cui-fang Wu, Bi-xiao Xiang, Hui Wang, Wu Liang, Bing-chang Yang, Xue-fei Xiao, Zhi-ling Li, Qi Pei, Xiao-cong Zuo, Yue Peng
Summary: This study aimed to explore the population pharmacokinetics of colistin sulfate and optimize the dosing strategy for critically ill patients. The results showed that the dose of intravenous colistin sulfate should be adjusted according to creatinine clearance (CrCL) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Importantly, the recommended dosing regimen was insufficient for patients with normal renal functions or those infected by pathogens with high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Sadiyah Sheikh, Fergus W. Hamilton, George W. Nava, Florence K. A. Gregson, David T. Arnold, Colleen Riley, Jules Brown, Jonathan P. Reid, Bryan R. Bzdek, Nicholas A. Maskell, James William Dodd
Summary: Pulmonary function tests are essential for diagnosing respiratory diseases, but the production of potentially infectious aerosols during testing has been a concern. This study found that coughing generated the highest aerosol emission, while the use of viral filters and masks significantly reduced aerosol emission. Mitigation strategies such as these could help reduce the risk of transmission to staff during lung function testing.
Article
Immunology
Laura Raniere Borges dos Anjos, Adeliane Castro da Costa, Amanda da Rocha Oliveira Cardoso, Rafael Alves Guimaraes, Roberta Luiza Rodrigues, Kaio Mota Ribeiro, Kellen Christina Malheiros Borges, Ana Carolina de Oliveira Carvalho, Carla Ire Schnier Dias, Aline de Oliveira Rezende, Carine de Castro Souza, Renato Rodney Mota Ferreira, Guylherme Saraiva, Lilia Cristina de Souza Barbosa, Tayro da Silva Vieira, Marcus Barreto Conte, Marcelo Fouad Rabahi, Andre Kipnis, Ana Paula Junqueira-Kipnis
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of revaccination with BCG Moscow on COVID-19 infection in healthcare workers. The results showed that revaccination with BCG Moscow was safe, with an efficacy ranging from 30.0% to 31.0% against COVID-19. Although the results did not reach statistical significance, the study suggests that revaccination with BCG Moscow may reduce the incidence of COVID-19 infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Lucas Walz, Avi J. Cohen, Andre P. Rebaza, James Vanchieri, Martin D. Slade, Charles S. Dela Cruz, Lokesh Sharma
Summary: The study reviewed the use of Janus kinase-inhibitors and Type I interferons as potential antiviral candidates for COVID-19 patients, showing that patients treated with these drugs had significantly improved clinical outcomes. While the results are promising, further well-conducted randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the findings.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
E. E. Walsh, G. Perez Marc, A. M. Zareba, A. R. Falsey, Q. Jiang, M. Patton, F. P. Polack, C. Llapur, P. A. Doreski, K. Ilangovan, M. Ramet, Y. Fukushima, N. Hussen, L. J. Bont, J. Cardona, E. DeHaan, G. Castillo Villa, M. Ingilizova, D. Eiras, T. Mikati, R. N. Shah, K. Schneider, D. Cooper, K. Koury, M. -M Lino, A. S. Anderson, K. U. Jansen, K. A. Swanson, A. Gurtman, W. C. Gruber, B. Schmoele-Thoma
Summary: The RSVpreF vaccine showed efficacy in preventing RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness and RSV-associated acute respiratory illness in adults (>= 60 years of age), with no evident safety concerns.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ching-Hao Hsu, Hsin-Pai Chen, Po-Liang Chen, Yu-Jiun Chan
Summary: This study described the characteristics and outcomes of lower respiratory tract infections associated with respiratory viruses in adults, finding that both influenza and non-influenza respiratory viruses were associated with increased mortality rates, with shock and acute kidney injury independently predicting a higher mortality rate.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Annic Baumgartner, Flavia Hasenboehler, Jennifer Cantone, Lara Hersberger, Annika Bargetzi, Laura Bargetzi, Nina Kaegi-Braun, Pascal Tribolet, Filomena Gomes, Claus Hoess, Vojtech Pavlicek, Stefan Bilz, Sarah Sigrist, Michael Brandle, Christoph Henzen, Robert Thomann, Jonas Rutishauser, Drahomir Aujesky, Nicolas Rodondi, Jacques Donze, Zeno Stanga, Beat Mueller, Philipp Schuetz
Summary: Malnutrition is an independent risk factor for mortality in polymorbid patients with bronchopulmonary infection. Providing individualized nutritional support during the hospital stay may lower mortality in patients at risk for malnutrition. Larger studies are needed to confirm the benefits of in-hospital nutritional support for this vulnerable patient population.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
Virve Enne, Alp Aydin, Rossella Baldan, Dewi R. Owen, Hollian Richardson, Federico Ricciardi, Charlotte Russell, Brenda O. Nomamiukor-Ikeji, Ann-Marie Swart, Juliet High, Antony Colles, Julie Barber, Vanya Gant, David M. Livermore, Justin O'Grady
Summary: Using PCR to directly search for pathogens and their resistance genes from clinical samples can improve treatment and stewardship. The study found that PCR testing had higher sensitivity than routine microbiology, detecting potential pathogens in patient samples reported as culture negative.
Article
Respiratory System
David P. Nichols, Pradeep K. Singh, Arthur Baines, Lindsay J. Caverly, James F. Chmiel, Ronald L. GIbson, Jorge Lascano, Sarah J. Morgan, George Retsch-Bogart, Lisa Saiman, Hossein Sadeghi, Joanne L. Billings, Sonya L. Heltshe, Shannon Kirby, Ada Kong, Jerry A. Nick, Nicole Mayer-Hamblett
Summary: The study aimed to test the effects of combining azithromycin with inhaled tobramycin on clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients with cystic fibrosis and P. aeruginosa airway infection. The results showed that participants randomized to placebo with inhaled tobramycin did not experience significantly greater improvements in lung function or other clinical outcomes compared with those randomized to azithromycin with tobramycin, despite having greater reduction in P. aeruginosa density.
Article
Microbiology
Priyanka Mehta, Shweta Sahni, Samreen Siddiqui, Neha Mishra, Pooja Sharma, Sachin Sharma, Akansha Tyagi, Partha Chattopadhyay, A. Vivekanand, Priti Devi, Azka Khan, Swati Waghdhare, Sandeep Budhiraja, Bharathram Uppili, Ranjeet Maurya, Vivek Nangia, Uzma Shamim, Pranjal P. Hazarika, Saruchi Wadhwa, Nishu Tyagi, Arun Dewan, Bansidhar Tarai, Poonam Das, Mohammed Faruq, Anurag Agrawal, Sujeet Jha, Rajesh Pandey
Summary: Co-infection with ancillary pathogens is a significant factor affecting morbidity and mortality in infectious diseases, but limited reports have been made regarding co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 in India. This study aimed to elucidate the prevalence, diversity, and characterization of co-infecting respiratory pathogens in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients through metagenomics based sequencing approaches. The findings underscore the importance of metagenomics based diagnosis and detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory co-infections for efficient treatment administration and better clinical management during the current pandemic.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ga Eun Park, Jae-Hoon Ko, Sun Young Cho, Hee Jae Huh, Jin Yang Baek, Kwan Soo Ko, Cheol-In Kang, Doo Ryeon Chung, Kyong Ran Peck
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical outcomes of bacteremic urinary tract infection patients caused by Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Results showed that reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility did not lead to poorer clinical outcomes, suggesting the need for further evaluation to guide the selection of appropriate antibiotics for urinary tract infections.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Sokary, Asma Ouagueni, Vijay Ganji
Summary: Current evidence suggests that ascorbic acid may improve the host's immune system and reduce the severity of infectious diseases. Studies have found that intravenous ascorbic acid can improve lung function in COVID-19 patients, but the effects of dosage and effectiveness are uncertain and further research is needed to confirm.
