Journal
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
Volume 98, Issue 12, Pages 4670-4683Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1002/jps.21763
Keywords
wet granulation; polymers; excipients; Raman spectroscopy; crystal; hydrate; nucleation; solution-mediated transformation; inhibition
Funding
- Pfizer, Inc.
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Active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) can undergo an anhydrate to hydrate transformation during wet granulation and this transformation may either result in mixed crystalline forms or an unwanted form in the final drug product. Previous studies have shown that it may be possible to inhibit this transformation with polymeric excipients. In this study, three model compounds, caffeine (CAF), carbamazepine (CBZ), and sulfaguanidine (SGN), were subjected to high shear wet granulation and phase transformations were monitored using in-line Raman spectroscopy. Wet granulation was performed in the presence and absence of various polymeric excipients to determine the extent of the inhibitory effects. Although several polymers had some retardation effect, cross-linked poly(acrylic) acid was found to completely inhibit the CAF transformation and both hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and crosslinked poly(acrylic) acid completely inhibited the CBZ transformation. For SGN, transformation to the hydrate was rapid, even in the presence of the polymers. The observed inhibitory effects were attributed to either specific interactions between the polymer and the API crystal or substantial water absorption by the polymer. There was also evidence from physical property testing that the inclusion of a small amount of inhibitory polymer did not significantly change the compaction or flow behavior of the final granulation. (C) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 98:4670-4683, 2009
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