Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
R. Constantinescu, J. T. White, C. B. Connor, A. Hopulele-Gligor, S. Charbonnier, J-C Thouret, J. M. Lindsay, D. Bertin
Summary: Quantifying uncertainty in eruption source parameters is challenging due to insufficient sampling of volcanic deposits. By combining a mathematical model with Bayesian inversion methods, the level of uncertainty quantification can be improved.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Domenico M. Doronzo, Mauro A. Di Vito, Ilenia Arienzo, Monica Bini, Benedetta Calusi, Matteo Cerminara, Stefano Corradini, Sandro De Vita, Biagio Giaccio, Lucia Gurioli, Giorgio Mannella, Giovanni P. Ricciardi, Ilaria Rucco, Domenico Sparice, Micol Todesco, Elisa Trasatti, Giovanni Zanchetta
Summary: A comprehensive review of the 79 CE Plinian eruption of Vesuvius was conducted through a multidisciplinary approach, integrating various studies on historical, stratigraphic, sedimentological, petrological, geophysical, paleoclimatic, and modeling aspects. This review allows for a better understanding of the environmental impacts of the eruption and highlights unresolved issues for further investigation.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Erin Heilman, Thorsten W. Becker
Summary: Mantle plumes can play a significant role in the evolution of Earth and plate tectonics, potentially causing the termination of subduction zones and contributing to the complexity of mantle structures. This effect may be particularly relevant for the early Earth and remain relevant in modern times.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geology
Jan C. M. De Hoog, Eleri Clarke, Keiko Hattori
Summary: Boron is an effective tracer of fluid processes in subduction zones, and olivine has the ability to scavenge significant amounts of boron from fluids at sub-arc pressures and temperatures. Transport of slab-derived material to magma sources requires processes with minimal interaction with mantle peridotite due to the abundance of olivine in the mantle wedge.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
C. Caurant, B. Debret, B. Menez, C. Nicollet, P. Bouilhol
Summary: Variations of redox conditions during slab dehydration in subduction zones have been investigated in the Monviso meta-ophiolite. The study reveals that fO2 variations are influenced by the position of the lithologies in the slab, with deep-seated lithologies showing high fO2 conditions and paleoseafloor lithologies exhibiting low fO2 conditions.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Changsheng Guo, Pengchao Sun, Dongping Wei
Summary: This study investigates the factors in the development of a young flat-slab during the wedge subduction process after a ridge subduction. The results show that a flat-slab generally forms before the slab age reaches 40 Myr, except in special cases.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Jorge Sanhueza, Gonzalo Yanez, W. Roger Buck, Amol Dayanand Sawant, Jaime Araya Vargas, Andrew J. Lloyd
Summary: This paper investigates the impact of slab windows on surface observations, revealing that upwelling, temperature anomalies, and melting extent are controlled by different ratios of plate velocities and ridge obliquity. The study uses a novel approach to estimate matrix/melt upwelling efficiency and maximum mantle temperatures based on plate kinematics and ridge obliquity, providing insights into slab windows in Antarctica, South America, and western North America.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Colton Lynner, Jonathan R. Delph, Daniel E. Portner, Susan L. Beck, Eric Sandvol, A. Arda Ozacar
Summary: This study investigates the deformation of the African Plate beneath the Anatolian Plate in the eastern Mediterranean. Using shear wave splitting measurements, the authors examine patterns of mantle flow around the edges of a fragmenting African slab segment. They identify three distinct regions of shear wave splitting that correspond to the segmentation boundaries of the slab. Additionally, the study reveals regional coherent mantle flow near the eastern and western edges of the slab, with an area of null splitting near the easternmost edge, likely caused by mantle upwelling due to the displacement of asthenosphere.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Geological
Maho Nakano Hosobuchi, Masahiro Chigira, Chounsian Lim, Ibrahim Komoo
Summary: During the 2009 Padang earthquake in Sumatra, rapid-moving landslides occurred in an area of 64 km(2) at 159 locations. These landslides were induced by pumice fall deposits thicker than 350 cm, with sliding surfaces at the base of the pumice fall deposits indicating mechanical instability. The geological history of pumice fall, weathering, and undercutting is common in volcanic areas, providing the opportunity to predict areas susceptible to earthquake-induced catastrophic debris avalanches.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hui Zhao, Xiaobing Shen, Wei Leng
Summary: The study used a 3-D dynamic subduction model to investigate the influence of overriding plate strength, initial slab-pull force, and initial cusp angle on the evolution of subduction cusps. The results show that subduction cusps tend to become smooth and disappear during the subduction process, and the slab dip angle is influenced by the cuspate corner angle. The asymmetric distribution of overriding plate strength and initial slab-pull force determines the asymmetric evolutionary pathway of subduction cusps.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geology
Raymond M. Russo, Haipeng Luo, Kelin Wang, Boudewijn Ambrosius, Victor Mocanu, Jiangheng He, Thomas James, Michael Bevis, Rui Fernandes
Summary: The geographic coincidence of the Chile Ridge slab window and the Patagonia ice fields provides a unique opportunity to assess the effects of slab window rheology on glacial isostatic adjustment. Using newly collected or processed geodetic data, the study found that the mass loss of the ice fields since the Little Ice Age caused varying rates of crustal uplift, with the North Patagonia ice field experiencing 12-24 mm/yr uplift and the South Patagonia ice field reaching a maximum of 41 mm/yr. A three-dimensional viscoelastic finite element model was used to analyze the GIA response, revealing that the viscosity of the northern part of the slab window is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the southern part.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Wasja Bloch, Michael G. Bostock, Pascal Audet
Summary: We mapped the subducting Juan de Fuca and Gorda plates along the Cascadia forearc using teleseismic receiver functions. The subducting oceanic crustal complex is characterized by three horizons capable of generating mode-converted waves. We analyzed 298 seismic stations and constructed a double-layered slab model, with the slab morphology controlled by the crystalline backstop.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kun Wang, Dmitri A. Ionov
Summary: Subduction plays a major role in recycling water, volatiles, and incompatible elements into Earth's mantle, and the isotopic signatures of potassium (K) can be used as a new tracer in subduction events. A study on mantle harzburgite xenoliths from Avacha volcano in Kamchatka, Russia, shows that slab-derived fluids infiltrated the sub-arc mantle and can significantly fractionate K isotopes. This provides direct evidence for the impact of subduction dehydration and fluid percolation on K isotopes in the mantle lithosphere.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alice R. Turner, Ana M. G. Ferreira, Andrea Berbellini, Nicolas Brantut, Manuele Faccenda, Elodie Kendall
Summary: This study investigates the rupture characteristics and propagation mechanisms of deep earthquakes using seismic waveforms. The results show that deep earthquakes have similar stress drops, spatial dimensions, and durations as crustal earthquakes, and exhibit high radiated efficiency. Comparisons with subduction models suggest that deep earthquakes and shallow earthquakes are controlled by the same physics in terms of rupture propagation.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Tiphaine Larvet, Laetitia Le Pourhiet, Philippe Agard
Summary: This study investigates the detachment of Cimmerian blocks from the northern margin of Gondwana during the closure of the Paleotethys ocean. It suggests that the subduction of Paleotethys beneath Eurasia induced tensional forces that led to the formation of micro-continents. The study also emphasizes the importance of considering olivine phase transitions in numerical simulations of plate tectonics.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marian B. Holness, Charlotte Morris, Zoja Vukmanovic, Dan J. Morgan
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Fiona K. Couperthwaite, Daniel J. Morgan, Matthew J. Pankhurst, Peter D. Lee, James M. D. Day
Summary: Modeling of ionic diffusion in natural crystals has been developed to calculate timescales of geological processes, but improvements are needed to account for uncertainties in data sets. This study focused on Mg-Fe zonation in olivine crystals to examine fundamental aspects of timescale calculation uncertainty, highlighting the impact of geometric uncertainties and changing boundary conditions on diffusion modeling. Refinements in modeling methods, including incorporating temperature-dependent crystal growth rates and boundary conditions, resulted in significantly improved fits to the data set, providing more robust conclusions for future studies.
AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Robert John Chapman, David Archibald Banks, Michael Thomas Styles, Richard David Walshaw, Sandra Piazolo, Daniel Joseph Morgan, Matthew Russel Grimshaw, Carl Peter Spence-Jones, Thomas James Matthews, Olga Borovinskaya
Summary: Studies of populations of gold particles are becoming increasingly common, but interpretation of compositional data may not be straightforward and require methods such as electron-probe-microanalysis and laser-ablation ICP mass spectrometry. Research shows that gold mainly forms homogeneous alloys with Ag, Cu, and Hg, while other elements are commonly distributed highly heterogeneously.
MINERALIUM DEPOSITA
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin Eickmann, Crispin T. S. Little, Jorn Peckmann, Paul D. Taylor, Adrian J. Boyce, Daniel J. Morgan, Wolfgang Bach
Summary: This study presents evidence of serpentinization-induced fluid seepage in shallow-marine sedimentary rocks from the Upper Cretaceous in Jebel Huwayyah, United Arab Emirates, indicating that the serpentinization of Semail Ophiolite by seawater occurred soon after obduction and marine transgression, and continued through to the Miocene with interaction with meteoric water.
GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
He Li, Richard J. Arculus, Osamu Ishizuka, Rosemary Hickey-Vargas, Gene M. Yogodzinski, Anders McCarthy, Yuki Kusano, Philipp A. Brandl, Ivan P. Savov, Frank J. Tepley, Weidong Sun
Summary: The early Izu-Bonin-Mariana system is characterized by low-Ti-K tholeiitic basalts and boninites, with ASB basalts being distinct from other basalts due to their hot, reduced upper mantle source and preservation of polybaric-polythermal mineralogy during rapid ascent to the surface.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhengfu Guo, Marjorie Wilson, Donald B. Dingwell, Jiaqi Liu
Summary: By analyzing magmatic activity in Tibet, researchers have suggested that the India-Asia collision was the primary driver of atmospheric CO2 variations during the Cenozoic era.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lea Ostorero, Georges Boudon, Helene Balcone-Boissard, Daniel J. Morgan, Thiebaut d'Augustin, Clara Solaro
Summary: Dominica, an island with four active volcanoes, likely hosts a well-established transcrustal mush system, with interactions between different magmatic environments observed before five pumiceous eruptions in the past 24 thousand years. The study suggests that reactivation signals could be detected several years prior to future eruptions, which has significant implications for volcanic risk mitigation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Felix O. Boschetty, David J. Ferguson, Joaquin A. Cortes, Eduardo Morgado, Susanna K. Ebmeier, Daniel J. Morgan, Jorge E. Romero, Carolina Silva Parejas
Summary: This study analyzes the mineral compositions of erupted magmas from the highly active arc volcano Villarrica using machine learning techniques. The analysis reveals compositional differences within the erupted crystals and provides evidence for the existence of multiple discrete magma reservoirs beneath Villarrica. Mixing between primitive and differentiated magma is postulated to drive explosive activity at Villarrica.
GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Kevin Wong, David Ferguson, Simon Matthews, Daniel Morgan, Amdemichael Zafu Tadesse, Yared Sinetebeb, Gezahegn Yirgu
Summary: This study provides petrological constraints on magma production in the Ethiopian continental rift, revealing a hotter mantle temperature and significant differences in lithospheric thickness between the Main Ethiopian Rift and Afar regions.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Eduardo Morgado, Daniel J. Morgan, Jason Harvey, Angelo Castruccio, Raimundo Brahm, Lucy E. McGee, Miguel-Angel Parada, Bogomil Georgiev, Samantha J. Hammond
Summary: Osorno volcano is a composite stratovolcano located in the Chilean Andes. It erupted basaltic andesite lavas and tephra fall deposits, and the composition of these volcanic materials provided insights into the pre-eruptive magmas. The involvement of crystal mush and the influence of slab-derived fluid input and crustal contamination were also observed. This study contributes to our understanding of volcanic processes in the region.
JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geology
M. Kahl, E. J. F. Mutch, J. Maclennan, D. J. Morgan, F. Couperthwaite, E. Bali, T. Thordarson, G. H. Gudfinnsson, R. Walshaw, I. Buisman, S. Buhre, Q. H. A. van der Meer, A. Caracciolo, E. W. Marshall, M. B. Rasmussen, C. R. Gallagher, W. M. Moreland, A. Hoeskuldsson, R. A. Askew
Summary: The deep roots of volcanic systems play a critical role in the priming, initiation, and duration of eruptions. By studying the 2021 CE eruption at Fagradalsfjall in Iceland, it was found that deep magmatic unrest can occur years before apparent geophysical eruption precursors. However, in the months and days leading up to the eruption, there is a closer correlation between geophysical and diffusion age records, indicating a transition from a state of priming to full-scale mobilization.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
F. K. Couperthwaite, D. J. Morgan, J. Harvey, M. Kahl
Summary: The study examines the crystallization time of olivine crystals in volcanic deposits from the Hapaimamo eruption on Mauna Loa. The findings indicate that olivine crystals in lava flows have longer diffusion timescales compared to those in volcanic tephra, suggesting ongoing crystallization processes in the subsurface and lava flows.
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kevin Wong, David Ferguson, Penny Wieser, Daniel Morgan, Marie Edmonds, Amdemichael Zafu Tadesse, Gezahegn Yirgu, Jason Harvey, Samantha Hammond
Summary: Significant volumes of magma intrude into the crust during continental break-up, altering the crust's thermo-mechanical structure and its response to extensional stresses, thus influencing rift evolution. This magmatism also fuels surface volcanic activity and contributes to global tectonic CO2 emissions. By analyzing olivine-hosted melt inclusions, we find evidence of a focused magma intrusion zone at the upper-lower crustal boundary in the Main Ethiopian Rift, suggesting the formation of a mechanically weak mid-crustal layer. These findings have important implications for understanding how magma addition can impact crustal rheology in a maturing continental rift.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hannah C. Elms, Simon J. Barker, Daniel J. Morgan, Colin J. N. Wilson, Bruce L. A. Charlier
Summary: Understanding the formation and development of magma bodies in the crust prior to eruption is crucial for volcanic monitoring. This study focuses on the timescales of pre-eruptive processes during young intra-caldera eruptions in O over bar kataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand. By analyzing mineral chemistry and zoning patterns, the researchers found that melt segregation, magma body assembly, and residence in the upper crust occur over timescales ranging from decades to centuries or even as short as months. The findings highlight the importance of multiple processes in the assembly and eruption of melt bodies and their relevance to geophysical imaging and monitoring initiatives.
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katy J. Chamberlain, Kerstin A. Lehnert, Iona M. McIntosh, Dan J. Morgan, Gerhard Woerner
Summary: Geochemical data is crucial for understanding Earth's past, present, and future, but only a small fraction of it is currently accessible and usable in a wide range of scientific studies. International coordination is urgently needed to fully unlock the research potential of geochemical data.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
