Enamel Matrix Derivative Protein Stimulated Wound Healing via Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase

Background: Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) protein has been clinically used for periodontal regeneration, but the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Previous studies suggested that the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) plays a key role in facilitating cell migration. Given that the migration of osteoblasts is one of the key steps in the wound-healing processes, we hypothesized that EMD protein would stimulate osteoblast migration by activating PI 3-kinase. In this study, we tested this hypothesis using MG-63 cells as model systems to evaluate mechanisms of migration by stimulation with EMD protein. Methods: Confluent MG-63 cells were mechanically scratched using a sterilized I-mm pipette tip that removed the cells within a circular area. The wells were incubated for 24 hours in various stimulation conditions (25, 50, or 100 mu g/ml EMD protein) with or without the PI 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin (1, 10, and 100 nM) or LY294002 (1, 10, and 100 mu M). Migrated cells in the wound section were counted by randomly selecting three areas from one well. The activation of PI 3-kinase by EMD protein was evaluated by the phosphorylation of Akt using Western blot analysis. Results: Although EMD protein did not affect proliferation, it enhanced migration into wounds on MG-63 cells. We showed that EMD protein enhanced the phosphorylation of Akt in a dose-dependent manner. We demonstrated that the PI 3-kinase inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 blocked migration into wounds and the phosphorylation of Akt enhanced by EMD protein in MG-63 cells. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that the activation of PI 3-kinase plays a key role in the EMD protein-stimulated migration of osteoblasts. J Periodontol 2009;80:1631-1637.