Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kenneth A. Michelson, Finn L. E. McGarghan, Emma E. Patterson, Margaret E. Samuels-Kalow, Mark L. Waltzman, Kimberly F. Greco
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the rates, risk factors, and outcomes of delayed diagnosis in seven serious pediatric conditions. The results showed that Hispanic ethnicity, specific insurance, non-English language, and normal vital signs were associated with delayed diagnosis. Delayed diagnosis was also found to be associated with a higher risk of complications.
BMJ QUALITY & SAFETY
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Bianca Nfonoyim, Ashley Martin, Angela Ellison, Joseph L. Wright, Tiffani J. Johnson
Summary: This study sheds light on the unique challenges faced by underrepresented minority pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians. The majority of participants were Black and female, and three main thematic categories were identified: challenges related to race, support systems, and strategies to improve diversity and inclusion. Participants faced microaggressions and were perceived as angry and intimidating, leading to added pressure and feelings of isolation. Resilience strategies, such as formal mentorship and peer support, were utilized to combat these stressors. Increasing diversity and creating inclusive work environments are crucial for URiM physician wellness and quality patient care in PEM.
ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kosuke Imai, Santiago Olivella, Evan T. R. Rosenman
Summary: Prediction of individuals' race and ethnicity is crucial in studying racial disparity. Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) is a leading methodology for this task, but it faces data problems. We introduce a fully Bayesian BISG (fBISG) method that addresses census measurement error and utilizes additional name data to improve race imputation accuracy.
Article
Anesthesiology
Robert R. Edwards, Can Ozan Tan, Inana Dairi, Alicia J. Whittington, Julius Dewayne Thomas, Claudia M. Campbell, Edgar Ross, Herman A. Taylor, Marc Weisskopf, Aaron L. Baggish, Ross Zafonte, Rachel Grashow
Summary: In a study of former professional American-style football players, it was found that black players reported more intense pain and higher levels of pain interference compared to white players. Additionally, the association between biopsychosocial factors and pain was found to be race-specific, with certain factors being more strongly related to pain among black players.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Evan T. R. Rosenman, Santiago Olivella, Kosuke Imai
Summary: This research provides the largest compiled dictionaries of names, covering first, middle, and surnames, which are used for imputing race and ethnicity using Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG). The data, based on voter files of six U.S. Southern States, contains a larger set of names than any comparable dataset, including 136 thousand first names, 125 thousand middle names, and 338 thousand surnames. Each name is categorized into five mutually exclusive racial and ethnic groups, and conditional probabilities are provided for imputation purposes.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Daniel K. Nishijima, Daniel J. Tancredi, Kathleen M. Adelgais, Kunal Chadha, Todd P. Chang, Matthew I. Harris, Julie C. Leonard, E. Brooke Lerner, Seth W. Linakis, Geoffrey S. Lowe, Christyn F. Magill, Hamilton P. Schwartz, Manish I. Shah, Lorin R. Browne
Summary: This study examined racial and ethnic disparities in the use of opioids during emergency transport for injured children. The results showed no significant statistical associations between race or ethnicity and the use of opioids. Factors associated with receiving opioids included the presence of a fracture, the type and experience of emergency medical services providers, patient age, and study site.
JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Zanthia Wiley, Katie Ross-Driscoll, Zhensheng Wang, Laken Smothers, Aneesh K. Mehta, Rachel E. Patzer
Summary: Blacks and Hispanics are overrepresented among emergency department patients with COVID-19 and have higher risk of in-hospital mortality. The study emphasizes the need for interventions targeting social determinants of health to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katharine J. McCarthy, Shelley H. Liu, Mary Huynh, Joseph Kennedy, Hiu Tai Chan, Victoria L. Mayer, Luciana Vieira, Bahman Tabaei, Frances Howell, Alison Lee, Gretchen Van Wye, Elizabeth A. Howell, Teresa Janevic
Summary: This study investigated the racial/ethnic differences in the influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on diabetes risk and glycemic control. The results showed that GDM had a significant impact on diabetes risk, with some variations across different racial/ethnic groups. GDM was also associated with a lower likelihood of glycemic control, particularly among Black and Hispanic women. Understanding these racial/ethnic differences is crucial for addressing cardiometabolic disparities.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Emily A. Hartford, Heidi Blume, Dwight Barry, Jessica Hauser Chatterjee, Emily Law
Summary: There are disparities in pain management for pediatric migraine patients in the emergency department based on their race, ethnicity, and language for care. Asian, Black, and Hispanic patients or those with a language preference other than English are less likely to receive intravenous treatments, while non-Hispanic White patients are more likely to receive them, despite similar initial pain scores.
ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Jossie A. Carreras Tartak, Nicholas Brisbon, Sarah Wilkie, Thomas D. Sequist, Imoigele P. Aisiku, Ali Raja, Wendy L. Macias-Konstantopoulos
Summary: Black/African American and Hispanic patients undergoing involuntary mandatory emergency psychiatric evaluation in Massachusetts experience higher rates of physical restraint in the ED. Factors contributing to racial disparities in the use of physical restraint require further investigation, including the potential role of structural racism and other biases.
ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Baylee F. Bakkila, Daniel Kerekes, Marcella Nunez-Smith, Kevin G. Billingsley, Nita Ahuja, Karen Wang, Carol Oladele, Caroline H. Johnson, Sajid A. Khan
Summary: This study found significant racial disparities in the surgical care of gastrointestinal tract cancers, with black patients being less likely than white patients to receive standard care in terms of negative surgical margins, adequate lymphadenectomies, and use of adjuvant therapies.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Derek M. Griffith, Amytis Towfighi, Spero M. Manson, Erica L. Littlejohn, Lesli E. Skolarus
Summary: This article introduces a framework for neurological research that aims to address inequities in neurological diseases. The framework highlights the importance of social determinants and structural factors and emphasizes the ability to improve research, programs, and policies to reduce and eliminate inequities in neurological diseases.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Derek M. Griffith, Amytis Towfighi, Spero M. Manson, Erica L. Littlejohn, Lesli E. Skolarus
Summary: This framework by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke working group aims to guide and inspire neurologic research that promotes health equity, population health, and social justice. It emphasizes the impact of social determinants on neurologic health and highlights the need to address inequities through research, programs, and policies.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jin Ge, Elaine Ku, Garrett R. Roll, Jennifer C. Lai
Summary: Racial/ethnic minorities experience higher rates of wait-list mortality and longer waiting times on the liver transplant wait list. Hispanics and multiracial/other ethnicity patients are more likely to decline organ offers due to logistical reasons, with logistical patients having higher allocation scores and longer waiting times.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Emergency Medicine
Brandon T. Ruderman, Martina Mali, Amy H. Kaji, Robert Kilgo, Susan Watts, Radosveta Wells, Alexander T. Limkakeng, Joseph B. Borawski, Andrea E. Fantegrossi, Ron M. Walls, Calvin A. Brown
Summary: The study found that video laryngoscopy (VL) had a higher first-pass success rate compared to direct laryngoscopy (DL) in patients with predicted or anatomically difficult airways. It also showed a reduced rate of esophageal intubations and vomiting in the VL group.
WESTERN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2022)