Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Clark T. Hung, Jennifer Racine-Avila, Matthew J. Pellicore, Roy Aaron
Summary: The skeleton has the ability to remodel and repair itself in response to biophysical stimuli, allowing it to adapt to its physiological roles. Cells in the skeleton sense and respond to these stimuli to meet the demands of the organism. Mechanical strain is the most recognized stimulus, but other signals such as fluid flow and ion movements also play a role. The application of electrical and electromagnetic fields can be used to study the effects of these stimuli on cell differentiation and extracellular matrix formation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Josephine Y. Wu, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease with limited understanding of its causes, pathology, and treatment options. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a promising cell source for bioengineered cartilage-bone tissue models that can replicate physiological interactions and disease initiation. By patterning cells, scaffold, and environment, native-like stratified cartilage organization can be achieved. These bioengineered models have been useful in studying OA progression mechanisms and screening potential therapeutics.
STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Jiawen Chen, Tianyu Sun, Yan You, Buling Wu, Xiaofang Wang, Jingyi Wu
Summary: Proteoglycans are essential for regulating stem cell homeostasis and show potential for being utilized as novel glycomics carriers or bio-active molecules in bone regeneration. Recent research has outlined their distinct profiles and functions in maintaining the balance between self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Simon F. Carroll, Conor T. Buckley, Daniel J. Kelly
Summary: This study investigated how factors such as cell source, environmental oxygen tension, and cell seeding density influence the local oxygen environment within engineered cartilaginous tissues, as well as their impact on cellular oxygen consumption rate and cartilage matrix synthesis. The findings suggest that promoting an oxygen consumption profile similar to that of chondrocytes may be a key factor in the success of stem cell-based cartilage tissue engineering strategies.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Jana C. Blum, Thilo L. Schenck, Alexandra Birt, Riccardo E. Giunta, Paul S. Wiggenhauser
Summary: In this study, the combination of cell-derived artificial extracellular matrix with 3D printed polycaprolactone scaffolds showed promising results in improving bioactivity and differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells. The ac/aoPCL scaffolds demonstrated good biocompatibility and enhanced chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential.
JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Na Yan, Bin Hu, Junchao Xu, Rong Cai, Zhenhai Liu, Dapeng Fu, Beibei Huo, Zhenhua Liu, Yuliang Zhao, Chunying Chen, Weihua Xu
Summary: Periodontitis poses a significant challenge in healthcare worldwide. Current treatment methods have limitations, but a novel stem cell-containing patch shows great potential in promoting periodontal regeneration and preventing epithelial invasion, offering a safe and effective strategy for repairing and protecting periodontal tissues.
Review
Cell Biology
Xueqi Wang, Yiming Guan, Shiyu Xiang, Karen L. Clark, Peter G. Alexander, Lauren E. Simonian, Yuhao Deng, Hang Lin
Summary: This review examines the potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in cartilage repair based on animal studies conducted in the past three decades. However, the cartilage tissue derived from MSCs does not possess the same characteristics as native hyaline cartilage, especially in terms of chondrocytic hypertrophy. This undesired phenotype needs to be controlled before MSCs can be effectively used for cartilage repair in clinical settings. Current research focuses on suppressing hypertrophy and modulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to inhibit hypertrophy, along with exploring the potential crosstalk between Wnt/β-catenin and other pathways.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Qian Pan, Weixian Su, Yongchang Yao
Summary: This paper reviews the research progress of microsphere-based scaffolds in bone and cartilage tissue engineering, and discusses the preparation methods of microspheres and the exploration of suitable microsphere pore size. It is found that microspheres with microporous structures and composite materials can improve cell proliferation and neotissue formation efficiency, indicating the important application value of microsphere-based scaffolds in bone and cartilage injury repair.
BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hannah Donnelly, Mark R. Sprott, Anup Poudel, Paul Campsie, Peter Childs, Stuart Reid, Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez, Manus Biggs, Matthew J. Dalby
Summary: There is a clinical demand for viable bone grafts, and tissue engineering strategies using mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to create potential bone-graft materials can help fulfill this need. However, the long culture periods and cost associated with MSC osteogenesis in a clinical setting necessitate the investigation of strategies for optimizing cell production. In this study, a piezoelectric copolymer with a fibronectin network coating is used to enhance MSC adhesion and present growth factors, and electrical stimulation is applied to investigate the MSC response.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Jiayi Zhu, Wanqing Lun, Qi Feng, Xiaodong Cao, Qingtao Li
Summary: The mechanical stiffness of the ECM affects YAP activity, which in turn regulates the differentiation of stem cells in cartilage tissue development and regeneration. However, the mechanisms underlying scaffold-associated mechanobiology during chondrogenesis initiation and hyaline cartilage maintenance are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the relationship between YAP subcellular localization and changes in cartilage structure during early postnatal growth. We also studied the effect of scaffold stiffness on hyaline cartilage formation by mesenchymal stem cells and the role of YAP activity.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Nuno G. B. Neto, Meenakshi Suku, David A. Hoey, Michael G. Monaghan
Summary: This study reveals the temporal metabolic profile and shift during the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), which can be observed as early as day 3 of cell culture. Extracellular lactate is shown to be an essential metabolite and metabolic fuel for efficient osteogenic differentiation and as a signaling molecule to promote glutaminolysis.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Denise Zujur, Ziadoon Al-Akashi, Anna Nakamura, Chengzhu Zhao, Kazuma Takahashi, Shizuka Aritomi, William Theoputra, Daisuke Kamiya, Koichi Nakayama, Makoto Ikeya
Summary: We developed a stepwise differentiation method to generate matrix-rich cartilage spheroids from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (iMSCs) via the induction of neural crest cells under xeno-free conditions. By using a thienoindazole derivative, TD-198946, we achieved enhanced chondrogenesis in iMSCs. Our findings provide a novel cell source for stem cell-based cartilage repair and offer the potential for biofabrication of larger cartilage tissues using chondrogenic spheroids and technologies such as Kenzan Bioprinting.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Gollahalli Shivashankar Prajwal, Naveen Jeyaraman, Krishna Kanth, Madhan Jeyaraman, Sathish Muthu, Sree Naga Sowndary Rajendran, Ramya Lakshmi Rajendran, Manish Khanna, Eun Jung Oh, Kang Young Choi, Ho Yun Chung, Byeong-Cheol Ahn, Prakash Gangadaran
Summary: Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine provide a new approach for treating musculoskeletal diseases, utilizing MSCs and growth factors to improve the regenerative environment. However, the selection of MSCs source and the long-term and short-term effects of MSCs treatment remain uncertain.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Zhaohua Wang, Si Wen, Meiqi Zhong, Ziming Yang, Wei Xiong, Kuo Zhang, Shude Yang, Huizheng Li, Shu Guo
Summary: Bone has limited capacity to repair critical-sized bone defects, but stem cells, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), show promise in enhancing bone regeneration. Epigenetic modification, including nucleic acids methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs, plays a crucial role in determining MSCs fate and differentiation. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms of MSCs can improve stem cell activity and function. This review highlights the potential of harnessing epigenetic modification of MSCs for treating bone defects and promoting bone regeneration, providing therapeutic targets for bone-related diseases.
JOURNAL OF TISSUE ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yangyufan Wang, Bin Kong, Xiang Chen, Rui Liu, Yuanjin Zhao, Zhuxiao Gu, Qing Jiang
Summary: This study demonstrated the pro-osteogenic effects of exosomes derived from osteogenic differentiated BMSCs (OBMSCs) and introduced a novel exosome-functionalized decellularized fish scale (DE-FS) scaffold for promoting bone regeneration. The DE-FS scaffolds, obtained through decellularization and decalcification processes, exhibited high biocompatibility and low immunological rejection. The anisotropic structures of DE-FS enhanced the adhesion and proliferation ability of BMSCs, and the porous structure allowed for loading and release of exosomes, resulting in enhanced osteogenic differentiation. In vivo experiments showed that OBMSC exosome-modified DE-FS scaffolds effectively promoted bone regeneration in a mouse calvarial defect model.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)