Article
Neurosciences
Muath A. Shraim, Hugo Masse-Alarie, Sauro E. Salomoni, Paul W. Hodges
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has revealed differences in the motor cortex (M1) between people with and without low back pain (LBP). Motor skill training can potentially reverse these changes, but it is unclear whether changes can be induced in people with LBP or whether this differs between LBP presentations.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Wenwu Xiao, Huaichun Yang, Zhuangfu Wang, Haian Mao, Hongjiang Wang, Zengming Hao, Yao Zu, Chuhuai Wang
Summary: Low back pain is a significant public health problem worldwide, but current interventions are not effective enough. Previous studies have shown that patients with chronic low back pain may have abnormal postural control, particularly under dual-task conditions. However, the results from these studies are inconsistent. This review summarizes relevant research on postural control in low back pain patients under dual-task conditions, analyzing it from various perspectives such as the theoretical model of dual-task interaction, specific research paradigms, postural control performance, and factors influencing postural control. It is reasonable to assume that low back pain patients may have abnormal postural control, influenced by factors such as age, cognitive resources, attention, sensorimotor integration, and the environment. Additionally, the nature and complexity of tasks further impact postural control performance. A deeper understanding of postural control in low back pain patients under dual-task conditions can provide valuable insights for rehabilitation and management, as well as contribute to scientific research on cognition and postural control.
JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniela Rosa Garcez, Gizele Cristina da Silva Almeida, Carlos Felipe Oliveira Silva, Taina de Souza Nascimento, Anselmo de Athayde Costa e Silva, Ana Francisca Rozin Kleiner, Givago da Silva Souza, Elizabeth Sumi Yamada, Bianca Callegari
Summary: This study found that elderly individuals with chronic low back pain experience impairments in postural control, requiring longer time to recover postural stability and showing less effective anticipatory adjustments during compensatory movements.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jana Kimijanova, Diana Bzduskova, Zuzana Hirjakova, Frantisek Hlavacka
Summary: This study compared the ability of young and older participants to generate anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in response to proprioceptive perturbation before gait initiation. Results showed that young adults actively adjusted their postural responses to altered proprioception from lower leg muscles, while older adults were unable to adapt.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rebecca S. Rowland, Ned Jenkinson, Shin-Yi Chiou
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between electromyographic activity of the erector spinae muscles and motor cortical excitability in young and old adults prior to a fast shoulder flexion task. The results showed that in elderly participants, an increase in corticospinal excitability 40 ms prior to the onset of anterior deltoid electromyography activity correlated with the onset of erector spinae activity, counterbalancing the perturbation induced by the shoulder task. These findings suggest that the timing of increasing corticospinal excitability prior to self-paced perturbations becomes more important with aging in modulating postural control of the trunk.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Iria Da Cuna-Carrera, Alejandra Alonso-Calvete, Eva M. Lantaron-Caeiro, Mercedes Soto-Gonzalez
Summary: Chronic low back pain is a common dysfunction in the spine, and studies have found changes in the thickness of abdominal muscles in patients with this condition.
Article
Neurosciences
Anna Akbas, Wojciech Marszalek, Bogdan Bacik, Grzegorz Juras
Summary: Expertise in fencing delays the onset of TA activity of the front leg and COP displacement during fencing lunge performance compared to controls. Fencers produce typical APA patterns in TA activation under different performance conditions, with delayed reaction time compared to self-initiated lunging, and a constant onset time of APA under different stance widths compared to the control group.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Gizele Cristina Da Silva Almeida, Helio Resque Azevedo, Kelly Helorany Alves Costa, Alex Tadeu Viana da Cruz Junior, Daniela Rosa Garcez, Givago da Silva Souza, Bianca Callegari
Summary: HTLV-1 infected patients exhibit delayed lower limb muscle onset and center of pressure displacement compared to controls, with poorer anticipatory postural adjustments and greater difficulty recovering postural control during the compensatory phase.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Le Ge, Qiuhua Yu, Chuhuai Wang, Huanjie Huang, Xin Li, Shanshan Zhang, Siyun Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate how different levels of cognitive loads modulate postural control in older women with LBP. The research found that older women with LBP showed worse postural control regardless of postural or cognitive difficulties compared to the control group, and dual tasks increased postural instability for participants with LBP.
Article
Neurosciences
Paola Cesari, Francesco Piscitelli, Francesco Pascucci, Matteo Bertucco
Summary: The fear of falling increases conscious control of balance, and postural threats require accurate anticipatory motor commands. This study found that different agonist and antagonist muscle synergies are manifested due to the perceived emotional threat, particularly during the anticipatory phase. The central nervous system modulates the anticipatory and compensatory phases of postural adjustments to minimize the risk of falling.
Article
Sport Sciences
Andrian Kuch, Romain Tisserand, Francois Durand, Tony Monnet, Jean-Francois Debril
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the postural strategies used by archers to enhance stability and identify characteristics that may contribute to better performance. The results showed that elite archers more frequently and earlier triggered postural adjustments before the string release compared to sub-elite archers. This study reveals the ability of archers to optimize postural stability by anticipatory postural adjustments triggered prior to string release.
JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Tobias Hess, Christian Oehlwein, Thomas L. Milani
Summary: This study investigated whether PD patients treated with medication in conjunction with STN-DBS have superior postural control compared to patients treated with medication alone. The results showed that both patient groups exhibited inadequate postural adjustment and balance recovery, but the medication and STN-DBS treatment group only showed minor advantages compared to the medication-only group. This suggests that medication in conjunction with STN-DBS may positively affect the timing and amplitude of postural control.
Article
Neurosciences
Angel L. Phanthanourak, Allan L. Adkin, Mark G. Carpenter, Craig D. Tokuno
Summary: The ability to scale anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) according to the predicted size of the upcoming movement is reduced with aging. However, an altered emotional state, as elicited through postural threat, only minimally alters the scaling of APAs.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Veronica Farinelli, Francesco Bolzoni, Silvia Maria Marchese, Roberto Esposti, Paolo Cavallari
Summary: The study revealed the presence of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in trunk muscles at the onset of gait initiation. This suggests that these muscles are already active before the start of walking to support the movement.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anderson Antunes da Costa Moraes, Manuela Brito Duarte, Eduardo Veloso Ferreira, Gizele Cristina da Silva Almeida, Andre dos Santos Cabral, Anselmo de Athayde Costa e Silva, Daniela Rosa Garcez, Givago Silva Souza, Bianca Callegari
Summary: This study aims to validate the performance of an ultra-light sensor in measuring anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) during step initiation, compared to a smartphone and a kinematic system. The results show that the temporal measurements obtained from the sensor and smartphone have high correlation with the kinematic system. However, caution should be exercised when using the ultra-light sensor for amplitude measurements, as further research is needed.
Article
Sport Sciences
Liam C. Tapsell, Martyn J. Binnie, Brendan S. Lay, Brian T. Dawson, Paul S. R. Goods
Summary: The present study aimed to design a valid and reliable test that assesses field hockey players' skill in dribbling and sport-specific agility. The results showed that the test demonstrated sufficient validity and reliability for evaluating performance and tracking skill progression.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Bernard X. W. Liew, Laura Sullivan, Susan Morris, Kevin Netto
Summary: The inability to pre-plan a side-step cutting maneuver leads to a greater reduction in speed and shallower cut angle. Leg stiffness plays a crucial role in cutting, with higher stiffness benefiting cutting speed and lower stiffness benefiting cut angle. Studies have shown that changes in leg stiffness primarily affect cutting speed rather than angle under different anticipatory cues.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
A. Chappell, G. T. Allison, N. Gibson, G. Williams, S. Morris
Summary: Children with cerebral palsy demonstrate decreased leg stiffness during jogging and running compared to typically developing children, with the affected leg being less stiff than the unaffected leg in running and sprinting only in Gross Motor Function Classification Scale level I.
CLINICAL BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karen M. Rothacker, Sam Armstrong, Grant J. Smith, Nat Benjanuvatra, Brendan Lay Peter Adolfsson, Timothy W. Jones, Paul A. Fournier, Elizabeth A. Davis, Brendan Lay
Summary: Acute marked hyperglycaemia in the higher insulin state impaired (V) over dotO(2peak) to a small extent, while insulin-dependent effect on sprint cycling output and reaction time indicates differing directionality with no consistent adverse effects on overall exercise performance for recreationally active individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Correction
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karen M. Rothacker, Sam Armstrong, Grant J. Smith, Nat Benjanuvatra, Brendan Lay, Peter Adolfsson, Timothy W. Jones, Paul A. Fournier, Elizabeth A. Davis
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Anas K. Al Makhzoomi, Thomas B. Kirk, Danielle E. Dye, Garry T. Allison
Summary: This study investigated the nanostructural mechanisms of load transmission in tendons and the role of GAGs in force transmission. The results showed a significant increase in D-periodicities in GAG-depleted tendons, indicating uniform distribution of mechanical load in Achilles tendons. Additionally, accurate quantification of fibril elongation assisted in assessing the complex structure-function relationship in the tendon.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Lei Cui, Brody Dale, Garry Allison, Min Li
Summary: Robotic assistive leg exoskeletons have gained popularity in response to people's desire for increased speed and carrying capacity, but there is a risk of knee ligament impairment. This study aimed to develop an instrumented knee joint via rapid prototyping to measure the displacements of the major knee ligaments accurately. The results demonstrated the feasibility and accuracy of this approach in quantifying ligament strain.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL DEVICES-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
A. Chappell, G. T. Allison, N. Gibson, G. Williams, S. Morris
Summary: The study demonstrated that a running intervention incorporating plyometric activities improved leg stiffness in youth with cerebral palsy, particularly those in GMFCS Level I.
Article
Biophysics
Anas K. Al Makhzoomi, Thomas B. Kirk, Garry T. Allison
Summary: The study found that strain-mediated repeated loading leads to weakening of tendon structure and function, accompanied by a decrease in mechanical and structural resilience. The lengthening of D-periodicity is strongly correlated with the overall mechanical changes in tendons and the altered morphology of tenocytes.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Anas K. Al Makhzoomi, Thomas B. Kirk, Danielle E. Dye, Garry T. Allison
Summary: GAGs play a key role in facilitating load transfer between tendon fibers and their role in promoting fibril sliding; changes in fiber waviness and tenocyte shape are correlated with tendon stiffness and other mechanical profiles.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Anas K. Al Makhzoomi, Thomas B. Kirk, Garry T. Allison
Summary: The study quantitatively and qualitatively assessed the nanostructural response of New Zealand white rabbit Achilles tendons to a fatigue damage model, revealing that the elongation of D-periodicities is correlated with increased strain and fatigue cycles, as well as overall tendon mechanical changes.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Sean Byrne, Brendan Lay, Jonathan Staynor, Jacqueline Alderson, Cyril J. Donnelly
Summary: This study investigated the kinematic differences between the penultimate and ultimate steps of planned and unplanned sidestepping. The results suggest that the preparatory reorientation strategies are likely constrained by the amount of planning time available.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Emily Abbott, Amity Campbell, Emma Wise, Stephen J. Tidman, Brendan S. Lay, Peter Kent
Summary: This study investigated the visual accuracy of physiotherapists in detecting changes in dynamic joint angles. The results showed that physiotherapists were able to accurately detect changes of more than 12° in single-plane, low-speed functional activities. Visual accuracy was not influenced by experience, sex, or movement type, except for assessing lumbar flexion. Accuracy was associated with using more visual fixation areas and shorter fixation time per area when assessing lumbar flexion.
MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
M. Tinker, A. Betten, S. Morris, N. Gibson, G. Allison, L. Ng, G. Williams, A. Chappell
Summary: This study compared the lower limb biomechanics of barefoot and shod running in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and found that barefoot running can increase power generation and reduce impact peaks, but it may also lead to shorter stride length and increased cadence. These findings have important implications for the performance and injury risk of children with CP.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David A. Singer, Gabrielle C. Musk, Wen Hua Huang, Liu Liu, Jaskirat Kaur, Monalyssa Watson, Amy Prosser, Michaela Lucas, Andrew Lucas
Summary: The development of animal models of cardiac transplantation has significantly advanced the fields of immunology and solid organ transplantation. While the surgical technique has remained unchanged, the use of genetically modified mouse strains and therapeutic approaches has provided new preclinical insights. Improvements in perioperative management are expected to enhance experimental outcomes and animal welfare.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)