Article
Optics
Martin Blaha, Aisling Johnson, Arno Rauschenbeutel, Jurgen Volz
Summary: The interaction between N two-level quantum emitters and a single-mode electromagnetic field is studied using the Tavis-Cummings model. However, it is found that this model is only valid when the scattering rate into noncavity modes is negligible. A more general Hamiltonian description is derived and experimental data is presented to support its validity.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Mingzhu Weng, Zhihai Wang
Summary: This paper investigates the energy spectrum and coherent dynamical process in a cavity-QED setup with a moving emitter subject to a harmonic potential. It is found that the vibration of the emitter induces effective Kerr and optomechanical interactions. The Bogliubov operators approach is generalized to the cavity-emitter-vibration system to obtain the energy spectrum exactly. Furthermore, the dynamics of the system exhibit a two-frequency Rabi oscillation behavior, which is explained by optomechanical-interaction-induced quantum transition between emitter-cavity dressed states. The interaction between the cavity mode and moving emitter is hoped to provide a versatile platform to explore more exotic effects and potential applications in the cavity-QED scenario.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Minggang Luo, Junming Zhao, Linhua Liu, Mauro Antezza
Summary: This study focuses on the light-assisted temperature control in a complex nanoparticle network. By analyzing the light-induced thermal behavior, the boundary and quantitative effects of multiple scattering and thermal accumulation are determined using the Green's function approach. The results show that the more compact the nanoparticle ensemble is, the stronger the multiple scattering effect and the weaker the thermal accumulation effect. Furthermore, the polarization-dependent distribution is only observed in the compact ensemble.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Fabricio Aparecido Breve
Summary: This paper investigates the use of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for identifying COVID-19 in chest X-ray images. By testing 21 different CNN architectures and employing ensemble methods, the study achieves superior results compared to previous research.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Nan-Shun Huang, Zi-Peng Liu, Bang-Jie Deng, Zi-Han Zhu, Shao-Hua Li, Tao Liu, Zheng Qi, Jia-Wei Yan, Wei Zhang, Sheng-Wang Xiang, Yang-Yang Lei, Ya Zhu, Yong-Zhou He, Qi-Bing Yuan, Fei Gao, Rong-Bing Deng, Sen Sun, Zhi-Di Lei, Zhi-Qiang Jiang, Meng-Qi Duan, Yuan Zhuan, Xue-Fang Huang, Peng-Cheng Dong, Zhong-Liang Li, Shang-Yu Si, Lian Xue, Si Chen, Yong-Fang Liu, Ya-Jun Tong, Hai-Xiao Deng, Zhen-Tang Zhao
Summary: Cavity-based X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have the potential to produce fully coherent pulses with stable intensity and narrow bandwidth, while the existing self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) XFELs generate chaotic pulses with broad spectra. Compared to the SASE mode, a cavity-based XFEL can significantly increase the spectral brightness, opening up new opportunities for cutting-edge scientific research. With the development of superconducting MHz repetition-rate XFEL facilities such as FLASH, European-XFEL, LCLS-II, and SHINE, practical operations of cavity-based XFELs are becoming increasingly feasible. This study proposes the concept of megahertz cavity enhanced X-ray generation (MING) based on China's first hard XFEL facility - SHINE, referred to as MING@SHINE.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Spectroscopy
Rafal Fanselow, Anna Wach, Wojciech Blachucki, Jakub Szlachetko
Summary: Analyzing samples in a liquid environment using X-ray spectroscopy techniques is highly appealing but challenging due to synthesis difficulties and high specimen costs. To address these issues, researchers have developed a sample system that allows measurement of small liquid samples with continuous stirring of the suspension. The method has been shown to provide stable and high-quality data.
SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA PART B-ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
C. P. Sasso, G. Mana, E. Massa
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of defocus on the phase of interference fringes and the measurement of lattice parameter, emphasizing the importance of a reliable model to quantify or exclude systematic errors.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Peco Myint, Karl F. Ludwig, Lutz Wiegart, Yugang Zhang, Andrei Fluerasu, Xiaozhi Zhang, Randall L. Headrick
Summary: In investigating the self-organized ion-beam nanopatterning of silicon using coherent x-ray scattering, a relationship similar to de Gennes narrowing is discovered. However, unlike the classic phenomenon, the dynamic surface exhibits a wide range of behaviors with compressed exponential relaxation at lengths corresponding to the dominant structural motif. This behavior is attributed to the morphological persistence of the self-organized surface ripple patterns.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kevin J. Pastoor, Michael J. Dzara, Svitlana Pylypenko, Jenifer C. Shafer, Mark P. Jensen
Summary: Uranium tetrafluoride (UF4) undergoes chemical speciation changes and forms hydrates when aged under high humidity conditions, indicating different hydration states depending on the temperature and relative humidity. These findings suggest that the presence of UF4 hydrate in UF4 materials may indicate storage under high humidity conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mylyne Tham, Josa M. Frischer, Stephen D. Weigand, Patrick D. Fitz-Gibbon, Samuel M. Webb, Yong Guo, Reginald C. Adiele, Christopher A. Robinson, Wolfgang Brueck, Hans Lassmann, Kendra L. Furber, M. Jake Pushie, Joseph E. Parisi, Claudia F. Lucchinetti, Bogdan F. Popescu
Summary: Research shows that the iron content and distribution in early active lesions differ among different MS immunopatterns, with immunopattern II lesions containing higher iron levels accumulated in macrophages compared to immunopattern III lesions. This heterogeneity may be due to different macrophage polarization, origin, or demyelination mechanisms. Developing iron-sensitive MRI techniques could potentially differentiate between immunopatterns in the MS patient population.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qizhu Zhao, Hao Tian, Long Chen, Maomao Zeng, Fang Qin, Zhaojun Wang, Zhiyong He, Jie Chen
Summary: This study demonstrates that soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) has different anti-retrogradation effects on various types of starches by influencing parameters such as pasting viscosity, interstitial water content, and crystallinity. The mechanisms behind the interaction between SSPS and starch, as well as the resulting effects on retrogradation, are investigated using LF-NMR, XRD, and TPA techniques.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Richard J. Wilbraham, Elizabeth A. Howett, Colin Boxall, David I. Hambley, Jessica K. Higgins
Summary: This paper presents a detailed study on the chemical and materials characterization of novel Simulated Spent Nuclear Fuels (SIMFuel) that replicate the state of Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) discharged from a UK Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR). The study evaluates the use of XPS, micro-Raman spectroscopy, and XRD in characterizing SIMFuels, and reveals the effects of lanthanide dopants on the UO2 bulk matrix. The findings suggest the presence of U(V) in the UO2 matrix as a means of charge compensation for the incorporation of Ln(III) states, and provide insights into the O/U ratios in SIMFuels.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
T. P. H. Sidiropoulos, N. Di Palo, D. E. Rivas, S. Severino, M. Reduzzi, B. Nandy, B. Bauerhenne, S. Krylow, T. Vasileiadis, T. Danz, P. Elliott, S. Sharma, K. Dewhurst, C. Ropers, Y. Joly, K. M. E. Garcia, M. Wolf, R. Ernstorfer, J. Biegert
Summary: The detection of energy conversion pathways between photons, charge carriers, and the lattice is crucial for understanding fundamental physics and advancing materials and devices. Attosecond core-level x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XANES) provides a clear and simultaneous view of the temporal evolution of the photon-carrier-phonon system, revealing surprising new results. By applying this method to graphite, complex mechanisms involving electrons, holes, and optical phonons were elucidated, showcasing the utility of core-level XANES with attosecond temporal resolution for studying energy flow inside materials.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Andras Csehi, Oriol Vendrell, Gabor J. Halasz, Agnes Vibok
Summary: The competition between intramolecular and collective light-induced nonadiabatic phenomena is studied. It is found that the presence of a seam of light-induced conical intersections facilitates the participation of dark states, resulting in a cooperative effect.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Raquel Gama Lima Costa, David Fushman
Summary: Proteins are dynamic macromolecules that exist in multiple conformational states, and their motions are essential to biological function. To better understand multidomain proteins, reweighting methods based on experimental data for elucidation of structural ensembles are needed.
CURRENT OPINION IN STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Luling Jin, Jorg Evers, Mihai A. Macovei
JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2017)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
K. P. Heeg, A. Kaldun, C. Strohm, P. Reiser, C. Ott, R. Subramanian, D. Lentrodt, J. Haber, H. -C. Wille, S. Goerttler, R. Ruffer, C. H. Keitel, R. Roehlsberger, T. Pfeifer, J. Evers
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Salvatore Castrignano, Joerg Evers
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Stephan Goerttler, Kilian Heeg, Andreas Kaldun, Patrick Reiser, Cornelius Strohm, Johann Haber, Christian Ott, Rajagopalan Subramanian, Ralf Roehlsberger, Joerg Evers, Thomas Pfeifer
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dominik Lentrodte, Joerg Evers
Article
Physics, Nuclear
O. D. Skoromnik, I. D. Feranchuk, J. Evers, C. H. Keitel
Summary: This study proposes a novel Mossbauer source that can provide resonant photons for various isotopes while effectively suppressing electronic background. The source is based on relativistic electrons passing through a crystal and emitting parametric Mossbauer radiation, forming a collimated beam of resonant photons without the need for additional monochromatization. The goal of this research is to extend high-precision Mossbauer spectroscopy to a wider range of isotopes at accelerator facilities.
PHYSICAL REVIEW ACCELERATORS AND BEAMS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Lukas Wolff, Jorg Evers
Summary: Due to their narrow line-widths and excellent coherence properties, Mossbauer nuclei have great potential for quantum optics, spectroscopy, and dynamics at hard x-ray energies. Developing more powerful measurement and data analysis techniques is crucial for further progress. Recent experiments have used time-and frequency-resolved measurements and a tunable single-line nuclear reference absorber to implement frequency-dependence. In this study, spectroscopy and analysis techniques for time-and frequency-resolved nuclear resonant scattering spectra in the frequency-frequency domain are developed.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuri Shvyd'ko, Ralf Roehlsberger, Olga Kocharovskaya, Jorg Evers, Gianluca Aldo Geloni, Peifan Liu, Deming Shu, Antonino Miceli, Brandon Stone, Willi Hippler, Berit Marx-Glowna, Ingo Uschmann, Robert Loetzsch, Olaf Leupold, Hans-Christian Wille, Ilya Sergeev, Miriam Gerharz, Xiwen Zhang, Christian Grech, Marc Guetg, Vitali Kocharyan, Naresh Kujala, Shan Liu, Weilun Qin, Alexey Zozulya, Jorg Hallmann, Ulrike Boesenberg, Wonhyuk Jo, Johannes Moeller, Angel Rodriguez-Fernandez, Mohamed Youssef, Anders Madsen, Tomasz Kolodziej
Summary: Resonant oscillators with stable frequencies and large quality factors are important for precise time measurement. The search for more stable and convenient reference oscillators is ongoing, with nuclear oscillators being superior to atomic oscillators due to their higher quality factors and resilience against external perturbations. A promising case is the ultra-narrow nuclear resonance transition in Sc-45, which requires accelerator-driven, high-brightness X-ray sources for resonant excitation. Recent advancements using a state-of-the-art X-ray free-electron laser have allowed for the determination of the transition energy with an uncertainty two orders of magnitude smaller than before. These advances open up possibilities for the application of Sc-45 in extreme metrology, nuclear clock technology, ultra-high-precision spectroscopy, and similar fields.
Article
Optics
Oliver Diekmann, Dominik Lentrodt, Joerg Evers
Summary: Ensembles of Mossbauer nuclei embedded in thin-film cavities provide a promising platform for x-ray quantum optics. In this study, an inverse design methodology was used to determine the desired cavity structure for quantum optical functionality. The results demonstrate the practical relevance of both scattering signatures and microscopic level scheme in creating complex x-ray cavity designs for nuclear quantum optics.
Article
Optics
Oliver Diekmann, Dominik Lentrodt, Joerg Evers
Summary: Thin-film cavities with layers of Mossbauer nuclei serve as a rich platform for x-ray quantum optics. The recent development of an ab initio theory allows for numerically efficient description of these systems. The inverse design and comprehensive optimization offer insights into the design and performance improvement of future x-ray cavities.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Benedikt Herkommer, Joerg Evers
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dominik Lentrodt, Kilian P. Heeg, Christoph H. Keitel, Joerg Evers
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Simon Maehrlein, Lukas Goetzendoerfer, Kevin Guenthner, Jorg Evers, Joachim von Zanthier
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Optics
Mihai Macovei, Joerg Evers, Christoph H. Keitel
Article
Optics
Salvatore Castrignano, Joerg Evers