Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Yantao Li, Mark D. Hanigan, Xueyan Lin, Zhiyong Hu, Zhengui Yan, Qiuling Hou, Yun Wang, Zhonghua Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of short-term varying supplies of methionine on amino acid metabolism in different organs of lactating goats. The results showed that the decrease in methionine supply led to a linear decrease in milk production and arterial methionine concentration. The net uptake and removal of methionine in portal-drained viscera and liver also decreased linearly. However, the mammary uptake of methionine remained unchanged due to increased mammary affinity and blood flow. Additionally, decreasing methionine supply decreased the mammary uptake-to-milk output ratios of methionine and tended to decrease the concentration of essential amino acids. Overall, this study revealed several mechanisms used to mitigate methionine deficiency in lactating goats.
Article
Immunology
Yusaku Tsugami, Sayaka Nakayama, Naoki Suzuki, Takahiro Nii, Naoki Isobe
Summary: This study found that the mammary glands of lactating goats contain ectopic tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) which contribute to local immunity by producing immunoglobulins.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Hengbo Shi, Nannan Jiang, Ling Wei, Jie Cai, Wenying Zhang, Qianming Jiang, Juan J. Loor, Jianxin Liu
Summary: This study investigated the role of glucose in regulating milk fatty acid synthesis and demonstrated that glucose induces the expression of relevant genes in mammary epithelial cells, thereby increasing milk fat yield.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kleves Almeida, Geraldo T. Santos, Jesus A. C. Osorio, Jean C. S. Lourenco, Monique Figueiredo, Thomer Durman, Francilaine E. Marchi, Claudete R. Alcalde, Ranulfo C. Silva-Junior, Camila C. B. F. Itavo, Rafael C. Araujo, Andre F. Brito
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of calcium-ammonium nitrate (CAN) on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, and milk quality of lactating Saanen goats. The results showed that supplemental CAN up to 20 g/kg of dry matter did not affect feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and milk composition, but it may increase milk lipid oxidation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Daniel J. Mayor, Kathryn B. Cook, Barry Thornton, Florence Atherden, Geraint A. Tarling, Thomas R. Anderson
Summary: Lipid-storing copepods play a crucial role in marine ecosystems by transferring energy and sequestering carbon in the deep ocean. This study provides new biomass turnover rates for different copepod species, contributing to a better understanding of their metabolic rates and lipid-fueled metabolism during winter.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. V. V. Silva, S. Ganesan, H. K. J. P. Wickramasinghe, N. Stepanchenko, C. A. Kaya, D. C. Beitz, J. A. D. R. N. Appuhamy
Summary: This study examined the effects of branched-chain amino acids on mammary glands and lactose synthesis. It found that a deficiency in leucine can increase glucose uptake but does not affect lactose synthesis rates, while a deficiency in other branched-chain amino acids may decrease lactose synthesis rates.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Floris K. Hendriks, Michelle E. G. Weijzen, Joy P. B. Goessens, Antoine H. G. Zorenc, Annemie P. Gijsen, Irene Fleur Kramer, Joop P. W. van den Bergh, Martijn Poeze, Taco J. Blokhuis, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: Bone protein synthesis is still ongoing in femoral head bone tissue during the early stages following an intracapsular hip fracture in older patients, but trabecular bone protein synthesis rates are lower in the femoral head when compared to the proximal femur.
Article
Immunology
Yusaku Tsugami, Rika Harada, Takahiro Nii, Naoki Suzuki, Naoki Isobe
Summary: This study investigated the effect of frequent teat stimulation on the concentrations of antimicrobial components in milk of lactating Shiba goats. It was found that lactoferrin concentration decreased while IgA and S100A7 concentrations increased with frequent teat stimulation. IL-22 concentration was also increased, which may upregulate S100A7 production. These findings suggest that frequent teat stimulation may be useful for preventing and treating mastitis in ruminants.
VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jun Zhang, Lu Deng, Xia Zhang, Yangchun Cao, Mengmeng Li, Junhu Yao
Summary: Improving nitrogen utilization efficiency in dairy production systems is important for reducing feed costs and addressing environmental concerns. Supplementing a low protein content diet with essential amino acids (EAAs) has been widely used to enhance nitrogen efficiency. However, single EAA supplementation does not consider the complex interactions and responses among EAAs, leading researchers to explore the benefits of supplementing multiple EAAs. This review summarizes the literature supporting the advantages of complete EAA mixtures in improving milk protein yield (MPY) and highlights the mechanisms involved in mammary protein metabolism and milk protein synthesis (MPS).
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Meilin He, Xintian Nie, Huanhuan Wang, Shuping Yan, Yuanshu Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to address the issues of subacute rumen acidosis by adding a buffer, improve milk production and quality, and study the mechanism of promoting mammary gland lactation.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ana Paula Ribeiro da Silva, Aline Silva de Sant'ana, Sheyla Priscila Oliveira do Nascimento, Steyce Neves Barbosa, Ana Laura Alencar Miranda, Fabrina de Sousa Luna, Glayciane Costa Gois, Salete Alves de Moraes, Rafael Torres de Souza Rodrigues, Daniel Ribeiro Menezes
Summary: This study found that adding 5% condensed tannin in diets for lactating goats of different genotypes did not affect dry matter and nutrient intake, or milk production, but it improved the efficiency of water utilization by animals. Genetic group had influence on intake, and nitrogen, energy, and water balances.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Shuangming Yue, Jing Qian, Jianguo Du, Xiaowan Liu, Hui Xu, Haoxiang Liu, Jingjing Zhang, Xiaochun Chen
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress on mammary blood flow and the profile of circulating amino acids in lactating Holstein dairy cows. The results showed that heat stress led to an increase in total amino acids, glycine, serine, and alanine in the blood vessels, while methionine and tryptophan concentrations decreased. Furthermore, heat stress resulted in a decrease in amino acid uptake in the udder, leading to a lower amino acid content in milk.
PAKISTAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yantao Li, Xueyan Lin, Chen Liu, Zhiyong Hu, Qiuling Hou, Zhonghua Wang
Summary: This study investigated the effects of decreasing lysine supply on amino acid metabolism in goats. The results showed that reduced lysine supply decreased milk production, milk protein, fat, and lactose, as well as arterial lysine concentrations. Peripheral tissues decreased lysine utilization, while mammary glands released more lysine. Moreover, mammary glands were able to mitigate the negative effects of decreased lysine concentrations by increasing blood flow and affinity for lysine. Overall, the decline in milk protein production was a result of both mass action with lysine and hormonal status.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Reza Rezaei, Guoyao Wu
Summary: This study demonstrates that physiological concentrations of BCAAs regulate protein turnover in mammary epithelial cells, favoring net protein synthesis by stimulating the mTOR signaling pathway and inhibiting the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Henock M. Deberneh, Rovshan G. Sadygov
Summary: This article introduces a method based on bioinformatics tools for automating the calculation of protein turnover rates. The method utilizes flexible error control and filtering measures to extract signals from complex liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) data and accurately estimate turnover rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Lakshmi A. Dave, Suzanne M. Hodgkinson, Nicole C. Roy, Nick W. Smith, Warren C. McNabb
Summary: Clear nutrition metrics are necessary for advancing sustainable diets. Current assessment methods mainly focus on food composition, nutrient requirements, and dietary intake. However, most studies fail to consider the bioavailability of nutrients in mixed human diets, leading to misleading conclusions regarding the environmental impact of animal-source foods compared to plant-source foods.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
M. Kass, M. Ramin, M. D. Hanigan, P. Huhtanen
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of the Molly cow model and the Nordic cow model Karoline in predicting methane production in cattle. The results showed that Karoline model was more accurate and precise than the Molly model, with higher correlation with the observed data.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Isuri A. Jayawardana, Mike J. Boland, Trevor S. Loo, Warren C. McNabb, Carlos A. Montoya
Summary: Actinidin from green kiwifruit enhances the digestion of gluten and reduces the number of immunogenic gluten epitopes reaching the small intestine during simulated gastrointestinal digestion.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lovedeep Kaur, Boning Mao, Justine Bailly, Olawunmi Oladeji, Paul Blatchford, Warren C. McNabb
Summary: Both Hayward and SunGold kiwifruit contain actinidin, a proteolytic enzyme that enhances the digestion of animal proteins. This study showed that both kiwifruit extracts can enhance the breakdown of alternative proteins, with the green kiwifruit extract having a stronger effect. These findings suggest that both Hayward and SunGold kiwifruit can be used as digestive aids to improve protein digestion.
Article
Physiology
Jonathan Dayan, Tal Melkman-Zehavi, Naama Reicher, Ulrike Braun, Vivienne Inhuber, Sameer J. Mabjeesh, Orna Halevy, Zehava Uni
Summary: Optimal embryonic development and growth of meat-type chickens rely on incubation conditions, nutrients and energy resources within the egg. Dynamic changes in energy metabolism during the last phase of incubation may affect embryonic survival, hatchlings' quality and post hatch performance, hence being of great importance to poultry production.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ana Carolina Marshall, Nicolas Lopez-Villalobos, Simon M. Loveday, Ashling Ellis, Warren McNabb
Summary: The objective of this study was to model the lactation curves of dairy sheep in a New Zealand commercial flock and provide information on milk, fat, protein, and lactose yields. The study found that there is potential for improvement in lactation yields and persistency in New Zealand dairy sheep through farming system improvements and a national genetic improvement programme. This study provides valuable experience for a larger-scale animal breeding programme in New Zealand.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Philip Wagali, Chris Sabastian, Yehoshua Saranga, Shiran Ben-Zeev, Sameer J. Mabjeesh
Summary: The aim of this study was to establish Tef as a multi-harvest summer fodder crop and investigate the effects of irrigation, genotype, and additives on tef silage making and quality. Results showed that Tef can be successfully ensiled and most of the silage parameters were better at 75% irrigation. Additives improved the quality of silage, increasing protein content. This is important for increasing the diversity of local ruminant fodder crops and ensuring high-quality feed supply during the summer.
Article
Microbiology
Davide Fraccascia, Ryan M. Chanyi, Eric Altermann, Nicole C. Roy, Steve H. Flint, Warren C. McNabb
Summary: Eight Faecalibacterium sp. strains were isolated from feces of healthy human volunteers, and their genome sequences were described. The genome sizes ranged from 2.78 Mbp to 3.23 Mbp, with an average GC content of 56.6% and encoding 2,795 protein-coding genes on average.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
V. C. Souzaa, M. Aguilar, A. C. Storm, M. Larsen, M. D. Hanigan
Summary: This study aimed to determine the effects of different nutritional manipulations on the net appearance and apparent affinity for arterial amino acids (AA) in the ruminal vein-drained viscera (RDV) of lactating dairy cattle. The results showed that regardless of dietary nutrients or fermentation products, net RDV uptake was positive for most AA. The responses of splanchnic tissue bed to dietary and washed rumen conditions were driven by changes in RDV nutrient demand and metabolic activity, altering the efficiency of conversion of absorbed AA.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Natalie G. Ahlborn, Carlos A. Montoya, Suzanne M. Hodgkinson, Anant Dave, Aiqian Ye, Linda M. Samuelsson, Nicole C. Roy, Warren C. McNabb
Summary: This study investigates the impact of heat treatment and homogenization on gastric curd formation and gastric emptying of milk proteins and lipids. The results show that both heat treatment and homogenization influence the in vivo gastric curd structure formed from bovine milk, and the extent of processing affects the gastric emptying rates of dry matter, proteins, and lipids.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Felista Mwangi, Areen Dallasheh, Mugagga Kalyesubula, Naama Reicher, Chris Sabastian, Sameer J. J. Mabjeesh
Summary: Flavours improve feed intake and weight gain in lambs. Capsicum is preferred by lambs, while liquid orange is disliked. Capsicum also increases daily weight gain.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shanalee C. James, Karl Fraser, Janine Cooney, Catrin S. Guenther, Wayne Young, Richard B. Gearry, Phoebe E. Heenan, Tania Trower, Jacqueline I. Keenan, Nicholas J. Talley, Warren C. McNabb, Nicole C. Roy
Summary: This study aimed to compare the circulating concentrations of amino acids and neurotransmitters between healthy participants and those with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). The results showed significant differences in branched-chain amino acids, ornithine, and alpha-aminobutyric acid between healthy controls and FGID groups. No other significant differences were observed for the neurotransmitters or any other amino acids analyzed.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Justine Kilama, Yoav Yakir, Yoav Shaani, Gaby Adin, Samir Kaadan, Philip Wagali, Chris Sabastian, Godliver Ngomuo, Sameer J. Mabjeesh
Summary: The global demand for animal-based products is increasing while feed resources are depleting, and the improper disposal of agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) leads to environmental pollution. This study examined 15 domestically produced AIBPs from different regions of Israel to evaluate their potential as ruminant feed alternatives. The AIBPs showed diverse nutritional characteristics, with some having rich essential nutrients and minerals, excellent digestibility, but short storability and off-odors. Further research is needed to focus on storage technology and feeding trials to fully utilize the potential of AIBPs in livestock nutrition.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Juliana A. S. Leite, Carlos A. Montoya, Evelyne Maes, Charles Hefer, Raul A. P. A. Cruz, Nicole C. Roy, Warren C. Mcnabb
Summary: This study investigated how heat treatments affect protein hydrolysis in the milk of ruminants and found that the effects vary depending on the species and heat treatment applied. Self-digestion increased the potential antithrombin peptides in bovine milk. These findings suggest the potential application of enhancing bioactive peptides in the industry.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Robert Kadlec, Sam Indest, Kayla Castro, Shayan Waqar, Leticia M. Campos, Sabrina T. Amorim, Ye Bi, Mark D. Hanigan, Gota Morota
Summary: This study investigates the utility of automated top-view dairy cow depth data collection methods using picture- and video-based methods, evaluates the performance of an infrared cut lens, and makes the source code available. Both methods can automatically perform animal detection, trigger recording, capture depth data, and terminate recording for individual animals.
TRANSLATIONAL ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)