Journal
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND MECHANICS-ENGLISH EDITION
Volume 36, Issue 5, Pages 669-680Publisher
SHANGHAI UNIV
DOI: 10.1007/s10483-015-1931-7
Keywords
bat wing; bending; cambering; area-changing; aerodynamic force
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [10602061]
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Large active wing deformation is a significant way to generate high aerodynamic forces required in bat's flapping flight. Besides the twisting, elementary morphing models of a bat wing are proposed, including wing-bending in the spanwise direction, wing-cambering in the chordwise direction, and wing area-changing. A plate of aspect ratio 3 is used to model a bat wing, and a three-dimensional unsteady panel method is used to predict the aerodynamic forces. It is found that the cambering model has great positive influence on the lift, followed by the area-changing model and then the bending model. Further study indicates that the vortex control is a main mechanism to produce high aerodynamic forces. The mechanisms of aerodynamic force enhancement are asymmetry of the cambered wing and amplification effects of wing area-changing and wing bending. Lift and thrust are generated mainly during downstroke, and they are almost negligible during upstroke by the integrated morphing model-wing.
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