Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bin Cheng, Ling Wang, David J. Sprouster, Jason R. Trelewicz, Weicheng Zhong, Ying Yang, Steven J. Zinkle, Lance L. Snead
Summary: This study produced a Cu-Cr-Nb-Zr alloy using direct current sintering with tailored precipitate distributions to enhance stability and creep resistance. The alloy exhibited a multi-modal precipitate distribution containing various sizes and types of precipitates, resulting in high hardness and retained thermal conductivity.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jadupati Nag, Deepika Rani, Durgesh Singh, R. Venkatesh, Bhawna Sahni, A. K. Yadav, S. N. Jha, D. Bhattacharyya, P. D. Babu, K. G. Suresh, Aftab Alam
Summary: This study reports on the theoretical and experimental investigation of a novel quaternary Heusler system, CoFeVSb, which shows room-temperature spin valve features and potential for thermoelectric applications.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wen-Bo Li, Di Zhou, Wen-Feng Liu, Jin-Zhan Su, Fayaz Hussain, Da-Wei Wang, Ge Wang, Zhi-Lun Lu, Qiu-Ping Wang
Summary: High-temperature BaTiO3-based ceramic capacitors have broad application prospects in energy storage devices, especially with the development of novel ceramics like the 0.88BT-0.12(1-x)BLN-0.12xBMT (x = 0.6) multilayer ceramics capacitors with significantly increased breakdown strength and energy density.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ed J. Pickering, Alexander W. Carruthers, Paul J. Barron, Simon C. Middleburgh, David E. J. Armstrong, Amy S. Gandy
Summary: High-entropy alloys (HEAs) offer expanded compositional freedom for advanced nuclear applications, but our understanding of their irradiation responses is still in its infancy. While some studies suggest special irradiation damage resistance in HEAs, proposed mechanisms like sluggish diffusion and lattice distortion are not universally convincing, and unique differences in HEAs compared to conventional alloys may lie in factors like poor thermal conductivities.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kuo Yang, Yihan Wang, Mingxing Guo, Hu Wang, Yongda Mo, Xueguang Dong, Huafen Lou
Summary: Precipitation-strengthened Cu alloys with high strength and conductivity (HSC) have been widely used in the electronic and electrical industries. The primary objective is to enhance the strength of Cu alloys while maintaining high electrical conductivity. This review summarizes the research progress on typical precipitation-strengthened Cu-Ni-Si, Cu-Ti, and Cu-Cr-Zr alloys, as well as the strengthening mechanisms employed. It discusses hetero-deformation induced hardening, the construction and effect of heterogeneous structure, and the trade-off between strength, ductility, and electrical conductivity. Controlling the growth of phases to achieve maximum strength contribution is a key research breakthrough. Furthermore, considerations for large-scale industrialization and production costs are necessary for the development of Cu alloys with HSC.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Linfeng Zhang, Yingfan Wang, Boyin Ding, Jiaming Gu, Neven Ukrainczyk, Jingming Cai
Summary: This study aims to develop geopolymer-based composites for geothermal energy applications. The addition of silicon carbide (SiC) powder was found to improve the compressive and flexural strength of geopolymer composites, while the influence of SiC particles was insignificant. The combined application of SiC powder and SiC particle increased the thermal conductivity of geopolymer composites, making it a suitable material for geothermal energy applications. The addition of silicon carbide was also concluded to improve the heat exchange rate and heat utilization efficiency of energy piles.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yuxiu Zhang, Zhirou Zhang, Honghui Kang, Hiromi Nagaumi, Xuyue Yang
Summary: This work presents a Mg-0.9Mn-0.5Ce alloy with a high strength-thermal conductivity synergy achieved through low-temperature extrusion. The alloy demonstrates high tensile strength and thermal conductivity, which can be attributed to the combined effect of ultra-fine grains, dense precipitates, and residual dislocations.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhenmin Lai, Kangzhen Peng, Beibei Gao, Yongjin Mai, Xiaohua Jie
Summary: An economical and practical thermo-mechanical treatment process is desired for achieving a good combination of strength and conductivity in copper alloys. In this study, a new multi-stage treatment method involving pre-rolling with small strain and short-time aging before secondary rolling and aging is implemented in Cu-Cr-Zr alloys. The results show that the strength and ductility are improved with only a slight decrease in electrical conductivity compared to conventional single-stage treatment. The pre-rolling and pre-aging processes lead to the formation of dense, dispersive, and stable shear bands with high dislocation density and fine grains. Dislocation strengthening contributes to increased yield strength, while the heterostructure comprised of microstructures inside and outside the shear bands provides good tensile plasticity. This study sheds light on the development of a simplified and cost-saving thermo-mechanical treatment process for Cu-Cr-Zr alloys.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Dada Modupeola, Patricia Popoola
Summary: In the past decade, high entropy alloys have attracted much attention due to their vast possibilities in alloy compositions, solid solution microstructures, and enhanced properties. However, there are limited reports on the progress made in the synthesis and properties of high entropy alloys on the nanoscale for energy storage systems. The study on the production of high entropy alloy nanoparticles (HE-NPs) and their impact on the resulting nanomaterial structure is crucial for creating HEA-NP-based applications for energy storage, requiring the development of a fundamental protocol for mass manufacturing and efficiency.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jian Yu, Feng Zhao, Huiya Yang, Jiabin Liu, Jien Ma, Youtong Fang
Summary: High-strength conductive Cu alloys are crucial in high-speed railways, 5G networks, and power transmission. The compound precipitates of alloying elements such as Cr, Zr, Fe, and Si significantly regulate the microstructure and properties of these alloys, ensuring high strength without compromising conductivity, a challenging problem in Cu alloy development. This paper comprehensively discusses the microstructure and factors influencing compound precipitates in high-strength conductive Cu alloys, such as Cu-Cr-Zr, Cu-Zr, Cu-Ni-Si, and Cu-Fe-P, and summarizes the factors affecting the precipitates from composition and process perspectives to guide property regulation. Furthermore, it introduces promising high-performance Cu alloys like Cu-Co-Si, Cu-Co-Ti, and Cu-Fe-Ti, while also exploring future research prospects for precipitation-strengthened Cu alloys.
JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY-SCIENCE A
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hai Wang, Huan Liu, Konrad Koenigsmann, Chao Pan, Ling Ren, Ke Yang
Summary: Among different microstructures in titanium alloys, the martensitic microstructure exhibits the highest strength but limited ductility, which hinders its applications in engineering. In this study, the martensite lath width was effectively refined from 500-1000 nm to 50-200 nm in the Ti6Al4V alloy through 5% copper alloying using laser powder bed fusion. The strength of the material increased from 1090 MPa to 1460 MPa with an elongation of 11.2% in the Ti6Al4V5Cu alloy. The nanocrystalline lath-like Ti6Al4V5Cu alloy developed in this study could provide insights for the material design of new ultra-high strength titanium alloys.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Rafal Knura, Taras Parashchuk, Akira Yoshiasa, Krzysztof T. Wojciechowski
Summary: Lead telluride is a well-known material for converting heat into electricity, but the mechanisms of heat transport in PbTe-alloys are not fully understood. This study examines the origins of phonon scattering in Pb1-xSnxTe compounds and how changes in interatomic pair potentials affect lattice thermal conductivity. It also proposes new guidelines for modifying thermal transport in PbTe-based alloys and highlights the potential for enhancing energy conversion in these compounds with low thermal conductivity.
DALTON TRANSACTIONS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michael Moschetti, Patrick A. Burr, Edward Obbard, Jamie J. Kruzic, Peter Hosemann, Bernd Gludovatz
Summary: The demanding operating environments of advanced nuclear reactors require the development of new nuclear materials. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) have shown impressive mechanical, thermomechanical, and corrosion-resistant properties. Research has shown that HEAs may exhibit unique irradiation tolerance. This work assesses the challenges faced by nuclear materials and identifies the potential advantages of HEAs in specific applications.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhifang Wang, Yi Yang, Zhengfeng Zhao, Penghui Zhang, Yushu Zhang, Jinjin Liu, Shengqian Ma, Peng Cheng, Yao Chen, Zhenjie Zhang
Summary: Researchers have successfully developed a highly crystalline olefin-linked COF using a green strategy, showing great promise for applications in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Wenlong Lu, Wenzheng Zhai, Jian Wang, Xiaojun Liu, Liping Zhou, Ahmed Mohamed Mahmoud Ibrahim, Xiaochun Li, Dong Lin, Y. Morris Wang
Summary: This study reports the additive manufacturing of nickel-aluminum-bronze alloys using electron beam powder bed fusion technology, achieving a relatively homogeneous microstructure and exceptional mechanical properties, including high strength and ductility.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shradha Agarwal, Arunodaya Bhattacharya, Patrick Trocellier, Steven J. Zinkle
Review
Nuclear Science & Technology
C. J. Beers, E. G. Lindquist, T. M. Biewer, J. F. Caneses, J. B. O. Caughman, R. H. Goulding, N. Kafle, H. Ray, M. A. Showers, S. J. Zinkle, J. Rapp
FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2019)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Brenden Heidrich, Simon M. Pimblott, Gary S. Was, Steven Zinkle
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
J. Brechtl, S. Agarwal, M. L. Crespillo, T. Yang, H. Bei, S. J. Zinkle
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2019)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Agarwal, T. Koyanagi, A. Bhattacharya, L. Wang, Y. Katoh, X. Hu, M. Pagan, S. J. Zinkle
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Kelsa M. Benensky, Kurt A. Terrani, Steven J. Zinkle
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
C. J. Beers, C. Jaramillo, N. C. Reid, H. Schamis, J. P. Allain, J. B. O. Caughman, S. J. Meitner, J. Rapp, S. J. Zinkle
Summary: Proto-MPEX is a linear plasma device used for plasma source research and development, and MAPP is a new materials analysis and particle probe used for surface chemistry diagnostics.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
C. J. Beers, D. L. Green, C. Lau, J. R. Myra, J. Rapp, T. R. Younkin, S. J. Zinkle
Summary: The text discusses the use of an RF helicon antenna with an aluminum nitride ceramic window in the pulsed linear plasma device Proto-MPEX, and how the RF sheath created under the antenna affects impurity production rates. By coupling different models to study impurity production and transportation, the novel method can model impurity generation and transport across different length scales, providing insights for various plasma physics studies.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
E. G. Lindquist, T. E. Gebhart, D. Elliott, E. W. Garren, Z. He, N. Kafle, C. D. Smith, C. E. Thomas, S. J. Zinkle, T. M. Biewer
Summary: The ET-Arc is a plasma source developed to simulate transient plasma heat and particle fluxes similar to those produced in tokamaks. Various diagnostics and improvements have been made to the system for better implementation of plasma-material interaction studies.
FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Adrien J. Terricabras, Joshua Ferrigno, Ling Wang, Marat Khafizov, Andrew T. Nelson, Steven J. Zinkle
Summary: Nitride ceramics have wide applications in the nuclear industry, and thermal conductivity is an important property. In this study, spatial domain thermoreflectance was used to measure the thermal conductivity of irradiated silicon nitride and zirconium nitride, and the effects of irradiation on thermal conductivity were investigated. The results showed that irradiation had minimal effect on the thermal conductivity of zirconium nitride, while it had a significant impact on the thermal conductivity of silicon nitride, and the impact became more significant at higher irradiation temperatures. Additionally, a saturation phenomenon in thermal conductivity degradation was observed, which was correlated with lattice swelling and defect recombination.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Steven J. Zinkle, Amanda Quadling
Summary: This article discusses the extreme materials requirements of the fusion fireplace in commercial fusion energy. The fusion fireplace needs to withstand intense fluxes from the fusion core, transfer heat to useful applications, and ensure a closed fuel cycle. The article emphasizes the importance of fusion materials research in enabling and accelerating the development of commercial fusion energy.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ishtiaque Karim Robin, Tim Graning, Ying Yang, Syeda Bushra Haider, Eric Andrew Lass, Yutai Katoh, Steven John Zinkle
Summary: This study investigates solid-state bonding techniques, with a focus on diffusion bonding, as an effective method for establishing engineering bonds. Diffusion bonding offers a lower temperature process and can handle materials with large differences in melting temperature. The insights from this research can be applied to various industries, enabling advanced and efficient design.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yao Li, Miao Song, Pengcheng Zhu, Yan-Ru Lin, Zehui Qi, Yajie Zhao, Samara Levine, Steven J. Zinkle
Summary: This study introduces the flash electropolishing technique as a solution to remove FIB-induced damages from TEM samples. The technique has been successfully applied to various materials with adjustable parameters. It offers a promising solution to the challenges posed by FIB-induced damages in the preparation of TEM samples.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Neal D. Gaffin, Kelsa B. Palomares, Justin L. Milner, Steven J. Zinkle
Summary: Ceramic-metallic composite (cermet) fuel forms are promising for nuclear thermal propulsion (NTP), and spark plasma sintering improves the microstructural characteristics. High density composites with excellent particle-matrix interfaces can be fabricated using a new lab-scale particle coating method.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRACTORY METALS & HARD MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taylor G. Duffin, Kelsa B. Palomares, Steven J. Zinkle
Summary: Ceramic-metallic (cermet) fuels show promise for space nuclear thermal propulsion systems. This study examines the hydrogen compatibility of molybdenum matrix cermets with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) particles at extreme temperatures. The results show that the cermet exhibits acceptable mass loss and remains stable under high temperature hydrogen exposure.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liuming Wei, Jingwen Li, Yonggang Li, Qirong Zheng, Fan Cheng, Chuanguo Zhang, Jingyu Li, Gaofeng Zhao, Zhi Zeng
Summary: This study investigates the influence of He-V complexes on H behaviors on different W surfaces using DFT calculations. The results show that H dissolution is most difficult but H trapping is easiest on the W (110) surface, while the opposite is true on the W (111) surface. Moreover, the presence of He-V complexes increases the difficulty of H diffusion from bulk to surface and desorption.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yan Meng, Song Zeng, Chen Chen, Chaowen Zhu, Huahai Shen, Xiaosong Zhou, Xiaochun Han
Summary: The characteristics of magnetron sputtered Cr coatings vary with different temperature, bias voltage, and pressure. Coatings with random orientation, good crystallinity, and small grain size exhibit favorable oxidation behavior, while coatings with strong (200) texture, poor crystallinity, and large grains have many intrinsic defects that are detrimental to the protection property of the Cr coatings.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xinyuan Xu, Zefeng Yu, Wei-Ying Chen, Aiping Chen, Arthur Motta, Xing Wang
Summary: This study presents an automated approach for characterizing grain morphology in TEM images recorded during ion irradiation. By combining a machine learning model and a computer vision algorithm, comparable results to human analysis can be achieved with significantly reduced analysis time. Researchers can train their own models following the procedures described in this study to automate grain morphology analysis of their own TEM images.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shihao Wu, Dong Wang, Yapei Zhang, Koji Okamoto, Marco Pellegrini, Wenxi Tian, Suizheng Qiu, G. H. Su
Summary: The oxidation and degradation mechanisms of Cr coating on Zr alloy cladding under high temperature steam atmosphere are summarized, and a mathematical analysis model is established to predict the changes in coating thickness. The model is applied in the analysis of structure evolution under different conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V. Diaz-Mena, J. de Prado, M. Roldan, I. Izaguirre, M. Sanchez, M. Rieth, A. Urena
Summary: The brazeability of a cupronickel alloy was evaluated as a filler alloy for high-temperature joining of tungsten to steel. The study investigated the brazing conditions and the impact of the selected filler on the joint quality using numerical software. The results showed different metallurgical interactions and diffusion phenomena between the filler alloy and the base materials at different temperatures. The study emphasized the importance of selecting a suitable filler to mitigate residual stresses in the joints.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Pengcheng Zhu, Yajie Zhao, Yan-Ru Lin, Jean Henry, Steven J. Zinkle
Summary: This study investigates the effect of heavy-ion irradiation on radiation hardening in high-purity binary alloy Fe18Cr. Nanoindentation testing and high-quality TEM imaging were conducted to extract hardness and microstructure information. The strength factor was accurately calculated based on the detailed TEM characterization of irradiated microstructures, and a refined hardening superposition method was applied to quantify the mechanical properties of ion-irradiated materials.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bin Wu, Haixia Ning, Hanzhen Zhu, Jianjun Chen, Kang Wang, Daiyu Zhang, Fu Wang, Qilong Liao
Summary: This study discusses the effects of ZrO2 and B2O3 on the phase composition and properties of SAP-based glass-ceramics. The results show that ZrO2 addition improves the formation of NZP phase while restricting the crystallization of AlPO4 phases. The correct ratios of ZrO2 and B2O3 allow only the formation of NZP phase within the SAP glass.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hwasung Yeom, Greg Johnson, Benjamin Maier, Tyler Dabney, Kumar Sridharan
Summary: Cr-Nb bilayer coatings were developed using cold spray deposition to improve the limiting operational temperature of Cr-coated Zr-alloy system. The coatings exhibited outstanding oxidation resistance at high temperatures and formed continuous intermetallic compound layers at the interfaces.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Padhraic L. Mulligan, Andrew T. Nelson, Chad M. Parish, Patrick A. Champlin, Xiang Chen, Daniel Morrall, Jason M. Harp
Summary: Environmental barrier coatings are being developed to reduce oxidation and embrittlement in Zr-based materials. Chromium nitride is a candidate for this application, but understanding its impact on irradiation-induced creep and microstructure is critical.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dexuan Yan, Xinlei Cao, Ke Shen
Summary: This study investigated the purification mechanism of polycrystalline graphite by comparing IG-11 graphite with IG-110 nuclear grade graphite. The analysis revealed that metallic impurities in IG-11 were primarily segregated within graphite porosities, while IG-110 demonstrated a significant reduction in impurities. This research contributes to the development of innovative graphite purification techniques for greater purity and stronger oxidation resistance.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Xu, Wei Peng, Lei Shi, Qi Sun
Summary: This paper investigates the oxidation and shape evolution of matrix graphite in high temperature gas-cooled reactors during air-ingress accidents. A reaction kinetics model is established and computational fluid dynamics with a dynamic mesh method is used to simulate the oxidation process. The results show that the geometric shape of graphite changes significantly with increasing flow rate, and the graphite pebbles tend to form a structure with a narrow front and wide tail.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Allison Harward, Casey Elliott, Michael Shaltry, Krista Carlson, Tae-Sic Yoo, Guy Fredrickson, Michael Patterson, Michael F. Simpson
Summary: This paper investigates the hygroscopic properties of eutectic LiCl-KCl absorbed into zeolite-4A. The study finds that water absorption and corrosion worsen with increasing salt loading. It also suggests that the salt can be stored in a non-inert atmosphere for a certain period of time.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Takaaki Koyanagi, Xunxiang Hu, Christian M. Petrie, Gyanender Singh, Caen Ang, Christian P. Deck, Weon-Ju Kim, Daejong Kim, James Braun, Yutai Katoh
Summary: This study provides critical experimental data on the effects of irradiation on the hermeticity of SiC composite cladding, finding that irradiation can cause a decrease in hermeticity and cracking, and coating the outer surface can mitigate the cracking issue.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Krat, A. Prishvitsyn, Yu. Gasparyan
Summary: This study proposes a probabilistic and diffusion-based model to describe the co-deposition of multiple hydrogen isotopes with slowly grown metal layers. The model calculates the relative concentrations of different hydrogen isotopes in the co-deposited metal layers. It is found that if hydrogen isotopes have different detrapping energies, only the isotope with the highest detrapping energy shows a monotonic decrease in concentration with deposition temperature. Furthermore, the study evaluates the uncertainty of tritium concentration in the co-deposited layer based on the uncertainty in detrapping energy of tritium and deuterium, predicting a >10% tritium concentration uncertainty for a 0.01 eV difference.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tijo Vazhappilly, Arup Kumar Pathak
Summary: This study investigates the effect of Ce atom substitution in UO2 on its thermophysical properties using density functional theory. The results show that the Ce substitution levels and the oxidation state of Ce/U atoms strongly influence the band structure and specific heat capacity of the UO2 lattice. These findings provide important insights into the fuel properties of UO2 under reactor conditions.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2024)