Journal
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
Volume 447, Issue 1-3, Pages 22-27Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.12.010
Keywords
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Funding
- National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China [2013GB109004]
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [51071095]
- Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
- European Communities
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The morphology changes induced by low energy deuterium ions on tungsten surfaces is studied for particle fluxes similar to those expected in the ITER divertor, as high as 1024 m(-2) s(-1). A new type of surface modifications by formation of nanostructures is observed to occur under those conditions. The nanostructures formation is critically dependent on the particle flux and ion energy, and affected by surface temperature and particle fluence. It correlates with the formation of nano-cavities at a depth of about 40 nm below the surface. In addition, the positron annihilation Doppler broadening (PADB) measurements reveal a significant increase of defect concentration (mostly vacancy-type) after plasma exposure, and the evolution of defects is in line with the surface morphology changes with fluence and surface temperature. The possible mechanism of cyclic trap mutation and dislocation loop punching due to high flux D exposure is discussed. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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