Review
Clinical Neurology
Varun M. Bhave, Joshua D. Bernstock, Julia M. Carlson, Ari D. Kappel, Erickson F. Torio, Jason A. Chen, Walid Ibn Essayed, Kara L. Gawelek, Daniel F. DiToro, Saef Izzy, G. Rees Cosgrove
Summary: Surgical treatment can be an effective adjunct for the treatment of severe herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE). The timing of surgical decompression can vary, and it can be performed at different stages after the onset of illness. Surgery can help alleviate intractably elevated intracranial pressure caused by HSVE and achieve favorable long-term outcomes.
Review
Immunology
Linhai Zhang, Lijia Zhang, Fangjing Li, Wanyu Liu, Zhenzhen Tai, Juan Yang, Haiqing Zhang, Jinmei Tuo, Changyin Yu, Zucai Xu
Summary: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is the most common cause of infectious encephalitis, accounting for nearly half of the confirmed cases. Clinical symptoms of HSV encephalitis are often atypical. HSV PCR in cerebrospinal fluid aids in diagnosis, and prognosis is usually favorable with regular antiviral treatment. Interestingly, some patients with recurrent encephalitis show little antiviral response. HSV PCR in cerebrospinal fluid is negative, but glucocorticoids have a significant effect after treatment. Specific antibodies, such as NMDA receptor antibody and GABA receptor antibody, can be found in the cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting the involvement of the immune system in recurrent encephalitis, although the specific mechanism remains unclear. Based on recent studies, we aim to summarize the relationship between herpes simplex encephalitis and innate immunity, providing further insights for researchers in this field.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Cooper K. Hayes, Christopher K. Villota, Fiona B. McEnany, Stacey Ceron, Sita Awasthi, Moriah L. Szpara, Harvey M. Friedman, David A. Leib, Richard Longnecker, Matthew D. Weitzman, Lisa N. Akhtar
Summary: Clinical HSV-2 isolates collected from neonates with encephalitis are more neurovirulent in human neuronal cell culture and murine models as compared to isolates from neonates with skin-limited disease, suggesting that viral factors contribute to neurologic outcome following human neonatal infection.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Benjamine Sarton, Pierre Jaquet, Djida Belkacemi, Etienne de Montmollin, Fabrice Bonneville, Charline Sazio, Aurelien Frerou, Marie Conrad, Delphine Daubin, Russell Chabanne, Laurent Argaud, Frederic Dailler, Noelle Brule, Nicolas Lerolle, Quentin Maestraggi, Julien Marechal, Pierre Bailly, Keyvan Razazi, Francois Mateos, Bertrand Guidet, Albrice Levrat, Vincent Susset, Alexandre Lautrette, Jean-Paul Mira, Ahmed El Kalioubie, Alexandre Robert, Alexandre Massri, Jean Francois Albucher, Jean Marc Olivot, Jean Marie Conil, Lila Boudma, Jean-Francois Timsit, Romain Sonneville, Stein Silva
Summary: The presence of extensive MRI changes, particularly in the thalamus, in adult patients with herpes simplex encephalitis is independently associated with poor functional outcome at 90 days. Thalamic diffusion signal changes are frequently observed and are associated with poor prognosis, especially in older patients.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Shankar Gopinath
Summary: Traumatic acute subdural hematomas often require emergency evacuation of the blood clot to prevent further cerebral compression and its consequences. After clot removal, the decision whether to replace the bone flap (craniotomy) or not (decompressive craniectomy) is crucial for neurosurgeons. In certain situations, the decision is relatively straightforward, such as in older individuals with atrophic brains or patients with massively swollen brains, where the bone flap should or should not be replaced.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Qinwei Yu, Chao Han, Lei Pei, Jinsha Huang, Yan Xu, Tao Wang
Summary: Compelling evidence suggests that status epilepticus is a common cause of rhabdomyolysis, but cases of rhabdomyolysis induced by a single seizure accompanied by viral encephalitis are rarely reported. This case highlights the need for careful analysis of rhabdomyolysis cases with unknown causes, minor seizures, and without status epilepticus, and suggests that HSV virus infection may contribute to rhabdomyolysis.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Virology
Md Sadique Hussain, Gaurav Gupta, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Waleed Hassan Almalki, Imran Kazmi, Sami I. Alzarea, Shakir Saleem, Ruqaiyah Khan, Najla Altwaijry, Samir Patel, Archita Patel, Sachin Kumar Singh, Kamal Dua
Summary: The immunopathology of HSV-associated neuroinflammation is a complex field of study that explores the interactions between the virus and the host's immune responses, as well as the impact of immune reactions on the outcome of infections. This review extensively analyzes the diverse immune reactions triggered by HSV and delves into the delicate balance between immune defense and immunopathology-induced neural damage.
REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Tianhao Shan, Yanling Huang, Zibo Zhao, Feng Li, Yifei Wang, Cuifang Ye, Kai Zheng, Zhe Ren
Summary: This study shows that a ketogenic diet (KD), a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet, can restrict the neurotropic infection of HSV-1 and the progression of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) in mice. Depletion of gut microbes by antibiotics attenuated the protective function of KD on HSV-1-related neuroinflammation and HSE development.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Xiao Hu, Qiongzhen Zeng, Ji Xiao, Shurong Qin, Yuan Wang, Tianhao Shan, Di Hu, Yexuan Zhu, Kaisheng Liu, Kai Zheng, Yifei Wang, Zhe Ren
Summary: This study revealed that the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes triggers Gasdermin D-dependent pyroptosis in mouse microglia, leading to inflammation caused by HSV-1. The expression levels of NLRP3 and IL-1 beta were significantly increased in a mouse model of herpes simplex encephalitis. These findings provide potential treatment targets for viral inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meng-Shan Tsai, Li-Chiu Wang, Hsien-Yang Tsai, Yu-Jheng Lin, Hua-Lin Wu, Shun-Fen Tzeng, Sheng-Min Hsu, Shun-Hua Chen
Summary: The study reveals that HSV-1 infection activates microglia to protect the host and neurons, with microglia depletion increasing viral lethality and neuron loss. Microglia from infected mice reduce virus infectivity and induce interferon production to inhibit viral replication and neuronal damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michael Duggan, Zhongsheng Peng, Yang H. An, Melissa H. Kitner T. Triolo, Andrea Shafer, Christos Davatzikos, Guray Erus, Ajoy Karikkineth, Alexandria Lewis, Abhay A. Moghekar, Keenan Walker
Summary: The study found an association between sHHV infection with white matter volume loss, attentional decline, and astrogliosis. While sHHV was linked to several neurocognitive features, the results did not support an association between sHHV and AD-specific disease processes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Michael Kosterhon, Eva Ruegg, Malte Ottenhausen, Anne Kuehn, Florian Ringel, Max Jaegersberg
Summary: This study analyzed CT data of patients who underwent craniectomy and conventional CAD cranioplasty to assess the volume and localization of the hollowing defect in the temporozygomatical area. The results revealed the average defect volume and localization, as well as the impact of temporal muscle restoration on cosmetic outcomes. The findings suggest the importance of surgical corrective actions during cranioplasty to achieve better aesthetic results.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Noora Kazanji, Andrew Benvenuto, Daniel Rizk
Summary: The goal of this study was to understand the frequency and trend of Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis (HSVE) after neurosurgery, with a focus on comparing HSV-1 and HSV-2. Through data collection, it was found that HSVE has a relatively low incidence rate after neurosurgery but is often overlooked, emphasizing the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment.
SURGICAL INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Virology
Marianne Graninger, Hannes Vietzen, Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stoeckl
Summary: Herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSE) is a rare complication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection or reactivation. Certain genetic variants associated with the host NK cell response, such as HLA-E*0101 and rs9916629C, are significantly associated with HSE. These genetic variations could potentially be used as clinical markers to predict HSE prognosis and guide personalized treatment.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Shuyong Zhu, Abel Viejo-Borbolla
Summary: HSV-1 and HSV-2 are two of the most prevalent human viruses worldwide, causing a variety of diseases. Immune responses play a key role in controlling HSV, but the virus has developed mechanisms to evade them. The severity of disease upon HSV infection varies among individuals, partly due to genetic polymorphisms. HSV has lytic and latent replication cycles, with the latter leading to disease.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jennifer A. Villwock, Mark R. Villwock, Parul Goyal, Eric M. Deshaies
Article
Clinical Neurology
J. Raymond, R. Klink, M. Chagnon, S. L. Barnwell, A. J. Evans, J. Mocco, B. L. Hoh, A. S. Turk, R. D. Turner, H. Desal, D. Fiorella, S. Bracard, A. Weill, F. Guilbert, D. Roy
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NEURORADIOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Mark R. Villwock, Amit Singla, David J. Padalino, Raghu Ramaswamy, Eric M. Deshaies
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY
(2014)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eric M. Deshaies
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2013)
Article
Neuroimaging
Kyle M. Fargen, Spiros Blackburn, Eric M. Deshaies, Jeffrey S. Carpenter, Pascal Jabbour, William J. Mack, Ansaar T. Rai, Adnan H. Siddiqui, Raymond D. Turner, J. Mocco
JOURNAL OF NEUROINTERVENTIONAL SURGERY
(2015)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eric M. Deshaies, Amit Singla, Mark R. Villwock, David J. Padalino, Sameer Sharma, Amar Swarnkar
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY
(2014)
Article
Anesthesiology
Fenghua Li, Eric M. Deshaies, Amit Singla, Mark R. Villwock, Vladyslav Melnyk, Reza Gorji, Zhong-jin Yang
JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGICAL ANESTHESIOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Neurosciences
Jennifer A. Villwock, Mark R. Villwock, Eric M. Deshaies
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2014)
Article
Neurosciences
Mark R. Villwock, Amit Singla, David J. Padalino, Eric M. Deshaies
JOURNAL OF STROKE & CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2014)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amit Singla, Eric M. Deshaies, Vlad Melnyk, Gentian Toshkezi, Amar Swarnkar, Hoon Choi, Lawrence S. Chin
NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS
(2013)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Andrew M. Demchuk, Mayank Goyal, Sharon D. Yeatts, Janice Carrozzella, Lydia D. Foster, Emmad Qazi, Michael D. Hill, Tudor G. Jovin, Marc Ribo, Bernard Yan, Osama O. Zaidat, Donald Frei, Ruediger von Kummer, Kevin M. Cockroft, Pooja Khatri, David S. Liebeskind, Thomas A. Tomsick, Yuko Y. Palesch, Joseph P. Broderick
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kit N. Simpson, Annie N. Simpson, Patrick D. Mauldin, Michael D. Hill, Sharon D. Yeatts, Judith A. Spilker, Lydia D. Foster, Pooja Khatri, Renee Martin, Edward C. Jauch, Dawn Kleindorfer, Yuko Y. Palesch, Joseph P. Broderick
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amar Swarnkar, Shri Harsha Krishna, Nicole Zimmerman, Julius Latorre, Eric M. Deshaies
INTERVENTIONAL NEURORADIOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mark R. Villwock, Amit Singla, David J. Padalino, Eric M. Deshaies
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Jennifer A. Villwock, Mark Villwock, Eric Deshaies, Parul Goyal
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2014)