Article
Biology
Heng Ma, Pengcheng Li, Jiaming Hu, Xingya Cai, Qianling Song, Haidong D. Lu
Summary: Macaque monkeys were trained to discriminate motion boundaries, and results showed that V2 neurons exhibited orientation selectivity to motion boundaries and correlated with monkeys' performance. Additionally, direction-selective neurons in V2 showed correlated activity with motion boundary neurons for specific stimuli, suggesting a specific functional contribution in motion boundary discrimination tasks. These findings support the critical role of V2 in motion boundary analysis through a neural circuit.
Article
Neurosciences
Christini Katsanevaki, Andre M. Bastos, Hayriye Cagnan, Conrado A. Bosman, Karl J. Friston, Pascal Fries
Summary: Selective attention enhances the influence of specific synaptic inputs on higher-area neurons, enabling preferential routing of attended stimuli. Presynaptic circuits, influenced by top-down attentional signals, play a crucial role in selective routing by selectively entraining postsynaptic neurons. The study demonstrates that attentional modulation of intrinsic connections in the visual cortex mediates selective entrainment, providing an explanation for the observed phenomenon.
Article
Biology
Ying Zhang, Kenneth E. Schriver, Jia Ming Hu, Anna Wang Roe
Summary: Spatial frequency is an important attribute in the visual scene and how it is encoded in extrastriate areas of primate visual cortex remains unclear. This study used optical imaging to investigate the relationship between spatial frequency maps and visual topography, color, and orientation maps. The findings suggest a population-based spatial frequency organization that is related to color and orientation in different cortical areas.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Demetrio Ferro, Jochem van Kempen, Michael Boyd, Stefano Panzeri, Alexander Thiele
Summary: The study revealed how visual information flows between cortical layers within and between macaque brain areas V1 and V4, showing dominance of information flow in certain directions and layers based on attentional modulation. Low-frequency communication was stronger from V4 to V1, with little layer specificity, while gamma-band communication was stronger in the feedforward direction. Attention decreased communication within V1 layers but increased communication within V4 and from V1 to V4 across all frequencies, showing that top-down cognitive processes play a role in modulating communication in the brain.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biology
Rundong Jiang, Ian Max Andolina, Ming Li, Shiming Tang
Summary: The ventral visual pathway, specifically the V4 area, plays a crucial role in integrating low-level visual features for complex object and scene representations. Neurons in V4 are organized into clustered functional domains selective for shape segments like curves and corners. Stimulus smoothness is identified as the key difference between curve and corner selectivity in V4, indicating the specific population architecture facilitates complex object recognition.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Shoichiro Kameoka, Daisuke Motooka, Satoshi Watanabe, Ryuichi Kubo, Nicolas Jung, Yuki Midorikawa, Natsuko O. Shinozaki, Yu Sawai, Aya K. Takeda, Shota Nakamura
Summary: The study compared 192 Japanese volunteers' fecal 16S analysis data using modified V1-V2 and standard V3-V4 primers. Results showed that the bacterial composition derived from the V34 region might differ from the actual abundance, suggesting that the modified V12 primer set is more desirable for analyzing the Japanese gut microbiota.
Article
Neurosciences
Karen T. Navarro, Marisa J. Sanchez, Stephen A. Engel, Cheryl A. Olman, Kimberly B. Weldon
Summary: In the primate visual system, form and color information are processed in separate pathways that interact with each other. Using high-resolution neuroimaging techniques, this study explored the structure of these pathways in the human visual cortex. The findings revealed differences in laminar profiles between responses driven by chromatic versus achromatic stimuli in V1, with stronger preference for chromatic stimuli in parafoveal V1 compared to peripheral V1 and the presence of stimulus-selective bands extending from V1 into V2 and V3. Overall, the utility of fMRI for elucidating mesoscopic neural architecture in the human cortex was confirmed by this study.
Article
Biology
Ethan B. Trepka, Shude Zhu, Ruobing Xia, Xiaomo Chen, Tirin Moore
Summary: Recent developments in high-density neurophysiological tools enable the study of functional interactions between hundreds of single neurons within local, highly interconnected neural networks. By utilizing high-density recordings from nonhuman primates' primary visual cortex, this study identified variations in synchrony and strength of functional interactions within single cortical columns, as well as categorized these interactions based on crosscorrelation functions. The results provide a clear proof-of-principle for assessing circuit-level interactions within local neuronal networks using high-density neurophysiological recordings.
Review
Neurosciences
Shu-Chen Guan, Nian-Sheng Ju, Louis Tao, Shi-Ming Tang, Cong Yu
Summary: The study found that V1 neurons are more organized in terms of orientation rather than spatial frequency, and there is limited evidence of an orthogonal relationship between the two. SF maps showed weak horizontal clustering and almost no vertical clustering in the superficial layers, possibly due to neurons being tuned to a narrow range of medium frequencies. Individual SF tuning functions were often asymmetric, which may aid in encoding low SF information.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Ming Li, Niansheng Ju, Rundong Jiang, Fang Liu, Hongfei Jiang, Stephen Macknik, Susana Martinez-Conde, Shiming Tang
Summary: This study found that the three primary dimensions of human color perception (hue, lightness, and chroma) are determined in the earliest cortical stages, based on cortical color responses in macaques.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Lucy S. Petro, Fraser W. Smith, Clement Abbatecola, Lars Muckli
Summary: Higher levels of our visual systems process information from broad regions of our visual space, while earlier levels respond to small detailed visual features. The connection between high- and low-level visual areas plays a crucial role in visual perception. Our study found that early visual areas receive feedback information that generalises across images with spatial displacement, which contributes to our understanding of the modulation of early visual areas by higher areas.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mehdi Memar Ardestani, Hong Yan
Summary: This study analyzed several common methods for smoothing signals and found that filtering based on the B-spline-based least square method can achieve high-quality outputs for various motion signals.
Article
Neurosciences
Siyi Chen, Ralph Weidner, Hang Zeng, Gereon R. Fink, Hermann J. Mueller, Markus Conci
Summary: The study found that visual performance benefits when an integrated object is task-relevant. Dynamic causal modeling was used to analyze the connections between regions associated with illusory figure completion. The results show that there are feedback connections between different areas of the visual system, playing a key role in processing integrated objects and details.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peichao Li, Anupam K. Garg, Li A. Zhang, Mohammad S. Rashid, Edward M. Callaway
Summary: This study demonstrates that cone-opponent signals are integrated through organized circuits in the primary visual cortex, leading to the orderly transition from cone-opponency to color appearance.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xingyue Pu, Siu Lun Chau, Xiaowen Dong, Dino Sejdinovic
Summary: This paper introduces a novel graph learning framework that incorporates prior information along node and observation sides, combines functional learning with smoothness-promoting graph learning, and develops a novel graph-based regularization method. Experiments demonstrate that the framework outperforms state-of-the-art models in learning meaningful graph topology from graph signals, especially in cases of heavy noise, missing values, and multiple dependencies.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL AND INFORMATION PROCESSING OVER NETWORKS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lihong Mao, Chaoqun Li, Xiaoyu Wang, Mingyu Sun, Yifan Li, Zihan Yu, Binxin Cui, Gaoyue Guo, Wanting Yang, Yangyang Hui, Xiaofei Fan, Jie Zhang, Kui Jiang, Chao Sun
Summary: This study found that in decompensated cirrhosis, low subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI) and concurrent total adipose tissue index (TATI) were associated with an increased risk of frailty.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Qiuyan Liang, Jinrong Fu, Xiang Wang, Lijuan Liu, Wenfeng Xiao, Yajing Gao, Lan Yang, Hongmiao Yu, Xueru Xie, Zikun Tu, Saihua Huang, Xiao Han, Liling Qian, Yufeng Zhou
Summary: This study identified 372 differentially expressed circRNAs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of children with asthma. Among them, a circRNA called circS100A11 was highly expressed in monocytes and significantly upregulated in children with asthma. Further experiments demonstrated that circS100A11 promoted M2a macrophage activation by enhancing translation of its host gene, S100A11, and exacerbated lung inflammation in a mouse model of asthma. The study also found that circS100A11 competitively bound to CAPRIN1 to promote S100A11 translation, thereby enhancing M2a macrophage activation.
Article
Fisheries
Xiaoyan Zhang, Haohui Yu, Ningning Wang, Chao Li
Summary: Evidence suggests that lncRNAs are involved in various immune responses in vertebrates. In the snakehead fish, immune-related lncRNAs play crucial roles in regulating immune responses against Nocardia seriolae infection. This study analyzed the transcription landscapes of lncRNAs and mRNAs in snakehead, revealing potential functions of lncRNAs in modulating mRNA expression levels and regulating downstream immune signaling pathways.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Xin Cai, Chengbin Gao, Alan J. Lymbery, Nicola J. Armstrong, Le Ma, Chao Li
Summary: Recently, the Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium Vibrio anguillarum has become a major obstacle to the turbot aquaculture industry due to its global distribution, wide host range, and potential devastating impacts. This study conducted comprehensive analyses of whole-transcriptome sequencing in turbot liver infected by V. anguillarum and found differential expression of circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs. Interaction pairs between miRNA-circRNA and miRNA-mRNA were predicted and circRNA-related ceRNA regulatory networks were constructed. The study identified novel target genes for disease prevention and control in turbot.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Yiping Liu, Min Cao, Xu Yan, Xin Cai, Yuqing Li, Chao Li, Ting Xue
Summary: Cell-to-cell communication through gap junction channels is essential for coordinating cellular functions in multicellular tissues. This study identified 48 members of the gap junction protein family in Sebastes schlegelii, classifying them into connexin and pannexin types. The connexins were further divided into five subfamilies. The study also revealed the protein structure and interactions of GJs, and showed that GJ proteins were highly expressed in intestinal tissues and regulated after bacterial infection. The findings provide valuable insights for further understanding the function of GJ proteins in S. schlegelii.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Chengbin Gao, Xin Cai, Alan J. Lymbery, Le Ma, Min Cao, Chao Li
Summary: An integrative analysis was conducted in black rockfish intestine and spleen after bacterial infection, revealing a cooperation between the immune genes of the two organs. Two key immune genes and their related non-coding RNAs were identified in the regulation mechanism of the intestine-spleen axis during different bacterial infections. These findings provide insights into the immune response in black rockfish.
Article
Fisheries
Zhe Liu, Peng Liu, Tong Cui, Xuan Chen, Beibei Wang, Chengbin Gao, Zhongyi Wang, Chao Li, Ning Yang
Summary: Six IKK genes were identified in turbot, and they were widely expressed in various tissues. After bacterial infection, these genes showed different expression patterns in mucosal tissues, indicating their potential roles in maintaining mucosal barrier integrity. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that most interacting proteins of IKK genes were related to the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Functional experiments confirmed the involvement of SmIKK alpha/SmIKK alpha 2/SmIKK beta in the activation of NF-kappa B in turbot.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Chengbin Gao, Xin Cai, Le Ma, Peng Sun, Chao Li
Summary: In this study, the regulatory roles of circRNA-related ceRNA networks in the spleen immune system of black rockfish infected with A. salmonicida were investigated. The results revealed 39 differentially expressed circRNAs during the infection, which were significantly enriched in multiple immune-related pathways. These findings suggest a potential role of circRNA in the antibacterial immune response of fish.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Jian Cheng, Quanyuan Feng, Chao Li, Wenxiu Yang
Summary: In this paper, a new run-time monitoring technique is proposed to detect hardware Trojans (HT) on working field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which can enhance the hardware security of IoT devices. The technique places multiple temperature sensors on FPGA and collects their values at each time interval. A predictive model is constructed to estimate the real-time distribution of sensor frequency. If the difference between the predicted value and the real one exceeds a dynamically updated threshold, an HT activation is reported. The experiment results demonstrate that the technique achieves high detection accuracy (>= 98%), low false negative ratio (<= 1.5%), and zero false positive ratio under various FPGA HT benchmarks.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Donglei Sun, Xin Qi, Haishen Wen, Chao Li, Jianlong Li, Jiwei Chen, Zexin Tao, Mingxin Zhu, Xiaoyan Zhang, Yun Li
Summary: A new yellow-mutant northern snakehead with market-favoured yellow skin was discovered in China. It was confirmed to be an albino with a non-sense mutation in slc45a2 gene as the causation for the yellow skin. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed the potential involvement of fibroblasts in pigmentation in fish.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Min Cao, Ting Xue, Huijun Huo, Xiaoyan Zhang, Ning Ning Wang, Xu Yan, Chao Li
Summary: Spatial transcriptomes were used to study the transcriptomic landscape in the posterior intestine of Sebastes schlegelii following Edwardsiella piscicida infection. A molecular regionalization of the posterior intestine was observed in the healthy condition. After bacterial infection, immune-related genes were predominantly found in the mucosa layer. The expression of regeneration-related genes suggested the constant proliferation of new cells in response to pathogen invasion, while increasing microbiota communities indicated their role in maintaining intestinal integrity and shaping the mucosal immune system.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yiwen Hou, Guichang Zou, Xianglian Wang, Hui Guo, Xiao Ma, Xingyu Cheng, Zhiyong Xie, Xin Zuo, Jing Xia, Huanhuan Mao, Man Yuan, Qi Chen, Peng Cao, Yupeng Yang, Li Zhang, Wei Xiong
Summary: Using a combination of chemo/optogenetic manipulation with calcium imaging and slice physiology, this study identifies neuronal ensembles in a hierarchically organized pathway essential for associative opioid analgesic tolerance. The signaling from the ventral hippocampus to dorsomedial prefrontal cortex cholecystokininergic neurons, and subsequently to baso-lateral amygdala glutamatergic neurons, relays the tolerance signal and leads to the loss of morphine analgesic efficacy.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Senyu Lou, Yaou Zhang, Chao Li, Jingjing Chen
Summary: This paper focuses on the Largos of the Macau Peninsula and categorizes their main functions as serving the community, facilitating traffic, and promoting religious culture through historical combing and field research. A spatial syntactic theory is applied to establish a model, using three syntactic parameters - synergy, integration, and choice - to interpret the analysis results. Based on the syntactic parameters, the results are divided into four categories, and improvement strategies are proposed for the selected spaces that require enhancements. Taking Macau's Largos as an example, this paper aims to provide a reference for the effective renewal of urban micro-spaces and small public spaces by applying space syntax analysis.
Article
Pediatrics
Lingyu Lai, Yong Lu, Zhimin Xi, Fang Liu, Liling Qian, Libo Wang, Quming Zhao
Summary: This article reports two cases of bronchial Dieulafoy's disease in children, causing recurrent massive hemoptysis. The disease was diagnosed through imaging examinations and bronchial arteriography, and was successfully treated with bronchial artery embolization, with no recurrence of hemoptysis.
TRANSLATIONAL PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Youmei Zhou, Hao Lei, Xiyu Zhang, Shan Wang, Yingying Xu, Chao Li, Jie Zhang
Summary: This research explores how to incorporate social attributes and social interaction into scenario simulation in the digital twin city research and development, which is a problem to be addressed in the refinement and planning of future digital platforms and management in terms of decision-making. The findings have important implications for inspiring the application of computational decision-making support in urban governance and enhancing comprehensive and sustainable urban regeneration.