Article
Neurosciences
Nathaniel P. Williams, Carl R. Olson
Summary: This study found that neurons in the inferotemporal cortex exhibit repetition suppression when an image is presented twice. The neurons respond less strongly to the second presentation, with the strongest suppression occurring when the adapter and test images are identical. The degree of suppression also depends on the preferences of the individual neuron, such as a stronger suppression when the repeated color or shape is preferred.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ling Kang, Jonas Ranft, Vincent Hakim
Summary: This article presents a simple model of motor cortex that accurately reproduces the statistical characteristics of recorded data during movement preparation. The model suggests that traveling waves in the motor cortex are result of the dephasing caused by external inputs rather than solely a product of recurrent connectivity.
Article
Neurosciences
Maja D. Foldal, Sabine Leske, Alejandro O. Blenkmann, Tor Endestad, Anne-Kristin Solbakk
Summary: The study found that attention adapts to the timing of acoustic stimuli through hemispheric lateralization of alpha and beta oscillations. Beta oscillations showed ipsilateral enhancement and contralateral suppression, which were amplified in high-predictability conditions. The time-resolved beta-lateralization aligned more strongly with the attended tempo, indicating top-down attention to sound timing. The degree of beta-lateralization was associated with improved ability to distinguish between SOA-deviants in the attended versus unattended ear.
Article
Neurosciences
Christini Katsanevaki, Andre M. Bastos, Hayriye Cagnan, Conrado A. Bosman, Karl J. Friston, Pascal Fries
Summary: Selective attention enhances the influence of specific synaptic inputs on higher-area neurons, enabling preferential routing of attended stimuli. Presynaptic circuits, influenced by top-down attentional signals, play a crucial role in selective routing by selectively entraining postsynaptic neurons. The study demonstrates that attentional modulation of intrinsic connections in the visual cortex mediates selective entrainment, providing an explanation for the observed phenomenon.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sarah Tune, Mohsen Alavash, Lorenz Fiedler, Jonas Obleser
Summary: This study investigates the role of intact attentional filters in successful listening and the potential neural markers of adaptive listening behavior. Results suggest that there are complementary neurobiological solutions between neural filters, with neural speech tracking having a stronger impact on behavioral performance compared to alpha lateralization. The findings highlight the translational potential of neural speech tracking as an individualized neural marker for adaptive listening behavior.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Rundong Jiang, Ian Max Andolina, Ming Li, Shiming Tang
Summary: The ventral visual pathway, specifically the V4 area, plays a crucial role in integrating low-level visual features for complex object and scene representations. Neurons in V4 are organized into clustered functional domains selective for shape segments like curves and corners. Stimulus smoothness is identified as the key difference between curve and corner selectivity in V4, indicating the specific population architecture facilitates complex object recognition.
Article
Biology
Marc Alwin Gieselmann, Alexander Thiele
Summary: In this study, the spectral signatures of feedforward and feedback signals and their impact on communication between different layers in the primary visual cortex were explored using stimuli of different sizes. It was found that small stimuli primarily elicited gamma frequency oscillations in the superficial layers, while large stimuli generated strong narrow band gamma oscillatory activity across cortical layers. Surprisingly, large stimuli also induced alpha band oscillations in a feedforward direction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samantha R. Debes, Valentin Dragoi
Summary: Attention improves perception by enhancing the neural encoding of sensory information. This study used viral tools to investigate the influence of cortical feedback projections on sensory coding. Inactivating feedback axonal terminals from cortical area V4 to V1 reduced response gain and impaired the accuracy of neural populations in encoding external stimuli. These effects were observed primarily in the superficial layers of V1 and propagated to downstream area V4. Attention enhances sensory coding by specifically altering the strength of corticocortical feedback in a layer-dependent manner.
Article
Neurosciences
Tomoyuki Namima, Anitha Pasupathy
Summary: The study revealed that responses of neurons in macaque inferior temporal cortex to partially occluded objects are linearly separable, and can distinctly represent the occluded and occluding stimuli at different levels of occlusion, supporting the hypothesis that neurons encode a segmented representation of the visual scene.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Nathaniel Williams, Carl R. Olson
Summary: Neurons in the macaque inferotemporal cortex exhibit repetition suppression when a complex natural image is presented twice. This phenomenon occurs in both high-order and low-order visual areas.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jochem van Kempen, Christian Brandt, Claudia Distler, Mark A. Bellgrove, Alexander Thiele
Summary: Cognitive neuroscience has advanced our understanding of the neural substrates of attention, but the neuropharmacology of attention is still not fully understood. Research suggests that dopamine plays a role in attentional processing in the parietal cortex by shaping neuronal responses.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Moein Esghaei, Stefan Treue, Trichur R. Vidyasagar
Summary: Oscillatory neural activity plays a key role in information processing in the brain. Multiple frequency bands of simultaneous activity and their interactions are important for high-level cognitive functions. Cross frequency coupling is crucial for visual attention and can label different submodalities of sensory information.
TRENDS IN NEUROSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Brian A. Coffman, Xi Ren, Julia Longenecker, Natasha Torrence, Vanessa Fishel, Dylan Seebold, Yiming Wang, Mark Curtis, Dean F. Salisbury
Summary: The 40-Hz auditory steady state response (ASSR) is reduced early in schizophrenia, and attention-mediated sensory gain is related to auditory hallucinations. This may be associated with increased basal excitability of the auditory cortex and reduced ability to increase sensory gain with attention.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Takahiro Kanamori, Thomas D. Mrsic-Flogel
Summary: This study investigates how sensory processing is influenced by cognitive and behavioral states. The results show that spatial attention and running behavior modulate visual responses, but the magnitudes and stability of these influences differ.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katherine N. Mueller, Mary C. Carter, Jeevun A. Kansupada, Carlos R. Ponce
Summary: Primates have the ability to recognize features in various types of images, and this ability requires a comprehensive computational explanation. Researchers used machine learning algorithms to create highly activating prototype images that represent visual patterns stored by neurons. Monkeys were found to classify prototypes from visual cortex neurons as conspecifics more often than random generator images and prototypes from primary visual cortex, and their choices were partially predicted by convolutional neural networks.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)