Journal
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 29, Issue 27, Pages 8784-8789Publisher
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0853-09.2009
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Funding
- Whitaker Foundation
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [0312271, 0237258]
- National Institutes of Health (NIH) [HD048566, AR050520, AR052345]
- NSF Graduate Research Fellowship
- NSF Frontiers in Integrative Biological Research [0425878]
- Direct For Computer & Info Scie & Enginr
- Div Of Information & Intelligent Systems [0312271] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Div Of Chem, Bioeng, Env, & Transp Sys
- Directorate For Engineering [0237258] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Emerging Frontiers
- Direct For Biological Sciences [0425878] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Emerging Frontiers & Multidisciplinary Activities
- Directorate For Engineering [836042] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Numerous studies of limbs and fingers propose that force-velocity properties of muscle limit maximal voluntary force production during anisometric tasks, i.e., when muscles are shortening or lengthening. Although this proposition appears logical, our study on the simultaneous production of fingertip motion and force disagrees with this commonly held notion. We asked eight consenting adults to use their dominant index fingertip to maximize voluntary downward force against a horizontal surface at specific postures (static trials), and also during an anisometric scratching task of rhythmically moving the fingertip along a 5.8 +/- 0.5 cm target line. The metronome-timed flexion-extension movement speed varied 36-fold from slow (1.0 +/- 0.5 cm/s) to fast (35.9 +/- 7.8 cm/s). As expected, maximal downward voluntary force diminished (44.8 +/- 15.6%; p = 0.001) when any motion (slow or fast) was added to the task. Surprisingly, however, a 36-fold increase in speed did not affect this reduction in force magnitude. These remarkable results for such an ordinary task challenge the dominant role often attributed to force-velocity properties of muscle and provide insight into neuromechanical interactions. We propose an explanation that the simultaneous enforcement of mechanical constraints for motion and force reduces the set of feasible motor commands sufficiently so that force-velocity properties cease to be the force-limiting factor. While additional work is necessary to reveal the governing mechanisms, the dramatic influence that the simultaneous enforcement of motion and force constraints has on force output begins to explain the vulnerability of dexterous function to development, aging, and even mild neuromuscular pathology.
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