Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brent K. Young, Charu Ramakrishnan, Tushar Ganjawala, Ping Wang, Karl Deisseroth, Ning Tian
Summary: Neurons in the CNS have distinct characteristics based on neurotransmitter types, synaptic connections, morphology, and genetic profiles. A previously unidentified interneuron in the mammalian retina exhibits similarities with bipolar cells and amacrine cells, suggesting a potentially unique role in vision processing. This discovery highlights the complexity and diversity of neuronal populations in the CNS.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William N. Grimes, Miloslav Sedlacek, Morgan Musgrove, Amurta Nath, Hua Tian, Mrinalini Hoon, Fred Rieke, Joshua H. Singer, Jeffrey S. Diamond
Summary: The morphology of retinal neurons plays a critical role in their physiological function. A specific type of interneuron, AII amacrine cells, exhibit unconventional inhibitory effects on ganglion cells in the retina, challenging traditional retinal circuitry principles.
Article
Neurosciences
Christopher M. Whitaker, Gina Nobles, Munenori Ishibashi, Stephen C. Massey
Summary: Rod and cone pathways are initially segregated in the retina, but there is evidence of some crossover connections between the two pathways. Physiological recordings suggest that rod bipolar cells can receive input from cones, and ON cone bipolar cells may also receive input from rods. Imaging studies show that some rod bipolar cells have cone contacts, while tertiary rod pathways operate via direct contacts between rods and OFF cone bipolar cells. However, no evidence was found for rod contacts with ON cone bipolar cells in the rabbit retina.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Joseph A. McQuail, Sofia Beas, Kyle B. Kelly, Caesar M. Hernandez, Jennifer L. Bizon, Charles J. Frazier
Summary: The study revealed that loss of NMDARs on interneurons in the PFC contributes to age-related impairment of cognitive flexibility, while a clear increase in AMPA/NMDA ratio in FSIs suggests a potential underlying mechanism for cognitive decline. These findings provide new insights into the neural mechanisms of cognitive decline.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lisa Epping, Christina B. Schroeter, Christopher Nelke, Stefanie Bock, Lukas Gola, Nadine Ritter, Alexander M. Herrmann, Saskia Rauber, Antonia Henes, Beatrice Wasser, Juncal Fernandez-Orth, Winfried Neuhaus, Stefan Bittner, Thomas Budde, Michael Platten, Stjepana Kovac, Guiscard Seebohm, Tobias Ruck, Manuela Cerina, Sven G. Meuth
Summary: This study found that glycine can act as a ligand for NMDAR on endothelial cells, playing an important regulatory role in BBB integrity.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Deepa Gautam, Ulhas P. Naik, Meghna U. Naik, Santosh K. Yadav, Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia, Debabrata Dash
Summary: This paper explores the role of platelets in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as the critical role of glutamate receptors in the pathophysiology of these diseases. By reviewing data from clinical trials, animal models, and cellular studies, it reveals the involvement of glutamate receptor dysfunction in neurodegenerative processes and provides an overview of current treatments, including glutamate receptor antagonists, for AD and PD.
Article
Neurosciences
Fu-Sheng Tang, He-Lan Yuan, Jun-Bin Liu, Gong Zhang, Si-Yun Chen, Jiang-Bin Ke
Summary: This study reveals the distinct functions of EAAT2 and EAAT5 in signal transmission at RB ribbon synapses. EAAT2 is expressed in all BC types and coexists with EAAT5 in RB cells and several types of cone BCs. Optogenetic, electrophysiological, and pharmacological analyses show that EAAT2 and EAAT5 regulate neurotransmission in significantly different ways, with EAAT5 dramatically affecting peak amplitude and kinetics of postsynaptic responses.
Article
Cell Biology
Haifeng Lu, Shujun Chen, Qianqian Nie, Qun Xue, Hua Fan, Yiqing Wang, Shenghao Fan, Juehua Zhu, Haitao Shen, Haiying Li, Qi Fang, Jianqiang Ni, Gang Chen
Summary: Syt3 is upregulated after ischemia/reperfusion injury and its overexpression negatively affects motor function recovery. Ischemia/reperfusion injury augments Syt3-GluA2 interactions, decreases GluA2 surface expression, and promotes the formation of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs). Inhibiting the Syt3-GluA2 complex promotes neurological recovery and improves cognitive function.
Review
Neurosciences
David Ramos-Vicente, Seth G. N. Grant, Alex Bayes
Summary: Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. The evolution of glutamate receptors is more complex than anticipated, with recent research proposing a new classification system for ionotropic glutamate receptors. Additionally, the evolution of animal metabotropic glutamate receptors has resulted in the formation of four classes instead of three previously recognized.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jongsu Choi, Jin Li, Salma Ferdous, Qingnan Liang, Jeffrey R. Moffitt, Rui Chen
Summary: This study generated a spatial atlas of the mouse retina using MERFISH technique, revealing the spatial arrangement of almost all cell subtypes in the retina and the connection between molecular classification and spatial arrangement. It also identified previously unknown cell subtypes and discovered spatially dependent differential gene expression between subtypes.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Todd Stincic, Jacqueline Gayet-Primo, W. Rowland Taylor, Teresa Puthussery
Summary: The study shows that TARP gamma 2 is associated with AMPARs in the synaptic layers of the retina in different species. Lack of TARP gamma 2 expression in stargazer mice leads to reduced synaptic expression of GluA2, GluA3, and GluA4 and smaller light-evoked EPSCs in ON-SACs. This suggests that TARP gamma 2 is required for normal synaptic expression and function of AMPARs in the inner retina.
Review
Neurosciences
Jeremy M. Henley, Jithin D. Nair, Richard Seager, Busra P. Yucel, Gavin Woodhall, Benjamin S. Henley, Karolina Talandyte, Hope I. Needs, Kevin A. Wilkinson
Summary: Epilepsy is caused by abnormal neuronal network activity. The review focuses on the role and regulation of kainate and AMPA receptors in seizure activity, discussing the impact of GluK2 and GluA2 subunits on their respective receptors' properties.
Article
Developmental Biology
Emma R. West, Constance L. Cepko
Summary: Bipolar interneurons in the mammalian retina have evolved into a diverse set of cells with distinct subtype characteristics, contributing specialized roles in visual circuitry. In the mouse retina, fifteen subtypes of bipolar interneurons have been identified, each exhibiting characteristic gene expression, morphology, and light responses. This review summarizes the developmental events, genetic programs, and distribution shaping events of bipolar interneurons, highlighting their potential as a model system for understanding neuronal subtype development in the central nervous system.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yan Zhang, John-Man-Tak Chu, Gordon-Tin-Chun Wong
Summary: This article reviews how glutamate handling and glutamatergic function are affected by neuroinflammation and their contribution to cognitive impairment. The authors summarize the current data regarding glutamate in neurotransmission, including its receptors and regulation. They also examine the impact of inflammation on glutamate handling and neurotransmission, focusing on changes in glial cells and the effect of cytokines. Finally, they discuss the implications of these changes for perioperative neuroinflammation and perioperative neurocognitive disorders.
Review
Neurosciences
Jonathan G. Hanley
Summary: AMPA receptors play a critical role in synaptic transmission and brain function, with their expression at synapses determining functional connectivity of neuronal circuits and underpinning learning and memory. Dysregulation of excitatory synaptic transmission and plasticity processes is involved in various neurological disorders. MiRNAs play a role in regulating AMPAR subunit expression and synaptic plasticity, potentially contributing to both physiological and pathological changes in the brain.
Article
Neurosciences
Claudia Delgado-Acevedo, Sebastian F. Estay, Anna K. Radke, Ayesha Sengupta, Angelica P. Escobar, Francisca Henriquez-Belmar, Cristopher A. Reyes, Valentina Haro-Acuna, Elias Utreras, Ramon Sotomayor-Zarate, Andrew Cho, Jens R. Wendland, Ashok B. Kulkarni, Andrew Holmes, Dennis L. Murphy, Andres E. Chavez, Pablo R. Moya
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2019)
Editorial Material
Biology
Jeffrey S. Diamond
Correction
Neurosciences
Claudia Delgado-Acevedo, Sebastian F. Estay, Anna K. Radke, Ayesha Sengupta, Angelica P. Escobar, Francisca Henriquez-Belmar, Cristopher A. Reyes, Valentina Haro-Acuna, Elias Utreras, Ramon Sotomayor-Zarate, Andrew Cho, Jens R. Wendland, Ashok B. Kulkarni, Andrew Holmes, Dennis L. Murphy, Andres E. Chavez, Pablo R. Moya
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Angelica P. Escobar, Jens R. Wendland, Andres E. Chavez, Pablo R. Moya
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wladimir Plaza-Briceno, Sebastian F. Estay, Erwin de la Fuente-Ortega, Camilo Gutierrez, Gina Sanchez, Cecilia Hidalgo, Andres E. Chavez, Paola A. Haeger
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2020)
Article
Biology
Moritz Armbruster, Chris G. Dulla, Jeffrey S. Diamond
Review
Neurosciences
Marco Fuenzalida, Chiayu Q. Chiu, Andres E. Chavez
Summary: Long-term changes in synaptic transmission, particularly the spike-timing-dependent plasticity, play a crucial role in learning and memory. Acetylcholine modulates this plasticity through diverse muscarinic receptors, allowing flexibility and adaptability in brain network activity during complex behaviors. Understanding the mechanisms of muscarinic modulation of synaptic plasticity can provide insights into shaping learning and memory in the hippocampus.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William N. Grimes, Miloslav Sedlacek, Morgan Musgrove, Amurta Nath, Hua Tian, Mrinalini Hoon, Fred Rieke, Joshua H. Singer, Jeffrey S. Diamond
Summary: The morphology of retinal neurons plays a critical role in their physiological function. A specific type of interneuron, AII amacrine cells, exhibit unconventional inhibitory effects on ganglion cells in the retina, challenging traditional retinal circuitry principles.
Review
Neurosciences
Rodrigo C. Meza, Carlos Ancaten-Gonzalez, Chiayu Q. Chiu, Andres E. Chavez
Summary: This article discusses the roles of TRPV1 in both central and peripheral systems, exploring its regulation of synaptic function and potential therapeutic applications.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carlos Ancaten-Gonzalez, Ignacio Segura, Rosangelina Alvarado-Sanchez, Andres E. Chavez, Ramon Latorre
Summary: BK channels are large conductance potassium channels that play crucial roles in regulating neuronal excitability and synaptic communication in the brain. Their dysfunction has been implicated in various neurological disorders. Here, we discuss the physiological importance of BK channels and their contribution to the pathophysiology of different neurological disorders.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mihael Cudic, Jeffrey S. Diamond, J. Alison Noble
Summary: Although GANs can generate realistic images, they struggle with modeling thin, stochastic textures in 3D fluorescent microscopy (FM) images. This is a problem in neuroscience where the lack of ground truth data hinders the development of automated image analysis algorithms. To address this, we propose an unpaired mesh-to-image translation methodology that allows us to generate volumetric FM images of neurons with control over the image content and imaging configurations. Through various metrics and tests, we demonstrate the feasibility and superior performance of our architecture compared to existing methods.
MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Franco Diaz, Freddy Aguilar, Mario Wellmann, Andres Martorell, Camila Gonzalez-Arancibia, Lorena Chacana-Veliz, Ignacio Negron-Oyarzo, Andres E. Chavez, Marco Fuenzalida, Francisco Nualart, Ramon Sotomayor-Zarate, Christian Bonansco
Summary: Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent spontaneous seizures. The interaction between astrocytes and neurons has been suggested to play a role in epileptogenesis. This study used a mouse model to evaluate the interaction between astrocytes and synaptic function in epileptic brains. The findings suggest that astrocyte hyperactivity enhances excitatory synaptic transmission, thereby impacting the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the hippocampus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yuan-Hao Lee, W. Wade Kothmann, Ya-Ping Lin, Alice Z. Chuang, Jeffrey S. Diamond, John O'Brien
Summary: Synaptic plasticity is a fundamental feature of the central nervous system, controlling the magnitude of signal transmission. Many electrical synapses exhibit plasticity that modulates neuronal coupling, signal fidelity, and circuit configuration. This plasticity is calcium-dependent and associated with neuronal activity.
Article
Ophthalmology
Alex H. Vielma, Felipe Tapia, Alejandro Alcaino, Marco Fuenzalida, Oliver Schmachtenberg, Andres E. Chavez
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Nelson Espinosa, Alejandra Alonso, Cristian Morales, Pedro Espinosa, Andres E. Chavez, Pablo Fuentealba