Article
Psychiatry
Juan Wang, Feng Jiang, Yulong Zhang, Robert O. Cotes, Yating Yang, Zhiwei Liu, Xiaoshuai Ning, Tingfang Liu, Yuanli Liu, Yi-lang Tang, Huanzhong Liu
Summary: Antipsychotic polypharmacy is common among recently discharged schizophrenia inpatients in China, with a higher utilization rate of second-generation antipsychotics compared to first-generation ones. Risperidone, olanzapine, and clozapine are the most commonly used antipsychotic medications. Predictors of polypharmacy include age, geographic location, duration of illness, history of hospitalizations, and behavioral symptoms during hospitalization.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Anton Schulmann, Stefano Marenco, Marquis P. Vawter, Nirmala Akula, Agenor Limon, Ajeet Mandal, Pavan K. Auluck, Yash Patel, Barbara K. Lipska, Francis J. McMahon
Summary: Recent postmortem transcriptomic studies have found many differentially expressed genes in schizophrenia, but the relationship between these gene expression changes and antipsychotic drug exposure is uncertain. Comparing gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic patients who were positive or negative for antipsychotic drugs at the time of death, we found that drug exposure had significant effects on the brain transcriptome, especially with atypical antipsychotic drugs. Macaque brain transcriptome data also showed that antipsychotic drugs affect the expression of functionally relevant genes, some of which were also changed in schizophrenia. Co-expression modules related to synaptic function had similar patterns in schizophrenia and antipsychotic drug effects, while modules associated with inflammation and glucose metabolism showed predominantly different patterns. Cell-type shifts in schizophrenia were largely unaffected by antipsychotic drug use. These findings suggest that antipsychotic drugs may confound gene expression changes related to schizophrenia in postmortem brain tissue, and unraveling these effects can help identify causal genes and improve our understanding of the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Ira R. Katz, Benjamin R. Szymanski, Stephen R. Marder, Abigail Shotwell, Tyler C. Hein, John F. McCarthy, Nicholas W. Bowersox
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the associations between the use of clozapine and other antipsychotic medications with all-cause mortality in patients with schizophrenia. The results showed that partial and decreasing clozapine coverage were associated with higher mortality rates, similar to the effects of other medications considered. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between the use of olanzapine and mortality rates, particularly in patients with diabetes.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Siddhanath D. Bhosle, Shivanand V. Itage, Krishna A. Jadhav, Rajesh S. Bhosale, Jhillu Singh Yadav
Summary: Schizophrenia is a persistent and severe mental illness that affects 20 million people globally. Genetic and environmental interactions are hypothesized to be among the causes of Schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications, including Clozapine, are commonly used to treat Schizophrenia, especially in cases where other medications have been ineffective or intolerable due to side effects. This review provides a brief overview of recent developments in the synthesis of the Clozapine drug molecule.
ORGANIC PROCESS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Basile Chretien, Veronique Lelong-Boulouard, Sylvain Chantepie, Marion Sassier, Mickael Bertho, Perrine Brazo, Xavier Humbert, Joachim Alexandre, Sophie Fedrizzi, Charles Dolladille
Summary: The study found a significant association between clozapine and malignant lymphoma and leukemia, with patients in the clozapine treatment group being significantly younger for these hematologic malignancies. There was also a dose-dependent relationship between the dose of clozapine and the risk of developing these malignancies.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Renaud de Beaurepaire
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of binge eating disorders in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder treated with antipsychotic monotherapy. The results showed that binge eating spectrum disorders were common in these patients, with a significant decrease in prevalence over time in some patients, particularly those treated with clozapine and olanzapine. Night eating was also prevalent, especially among women treated with clozapine and olanzapine, with no significant change over time.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bogdan Patrichi, Cristiana Tapoi, Radu Rogojin, Irina Bedreag, Anca Dumitrache, Andreea Itu, Radu Dragomir, Adela-Georgiana Buciuc
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of antipsychotic polypharmacy (APP) in patients with schizophrenia in the department, finding that prolonged hospitalization was an independent predictor of APP, and the combination including clozapine was the most commonly used in the APP group.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tilahun Ali, Mekonnen Sisay, Mandaras Tariku, Abraham Nigussie Mekuria, Assefa Desalew
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found a considerable prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects induced by antipsychotic medications, with parkinsonism, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia being the most common. Some small-scale studies showed publication bias.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elias D. Mouchlianitis, Lucy D. Vanes, Derek K. Tracy, Anne-Katherin Fett, Daniel Joyce, Sukhi S. Shergill
Summary: Glutamatergic dysfunction is associated with treatment resistance in individuals with schizophrenia. This study used neurochemical and functional brain imaging methods to investigate glutamatergic dysfunction and reward processing in treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive schizophrenia. The results suggest that glutamatergic differences can differentiate treatment-resistant and treatment-responsive schizophrenia, which has potential diagnostic value.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Yue Feng Quek, Yuen Mei See, Jie Yin Yee, Gurpreet Rekhi, Boon Tat Ng, Charmaine Tang, Jimmy Lee
Summary: This study compares the cardiometabolic profiles between non-clozapine antipsychotic and clozapine users with schizophrenia. Despite higher rates of diagnosed metabolic conditions, clozapine users had better cardiometabolic parameters compared to non-clozapine antipsychotic users, possibly due to greater awareness, earlier detection, and treatment. Regardless of the type of antipsychotic used, metabolic abnormalities are prevalent in individuals with schizophrenia, highlighting the importance of prioritizing physical healthcare alongside mental healthcare in this group.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ying Qi Chen, Xi Rong Li, Lie Zhang, Wei Bo Zhu, Ya Qing Wu, Xiao Ni Guan, Mei Hong Xiu, Xiang Yang Zhang
Summary: In patients with antipsychotic-naive and first-episode (ANFE) schizophrenia, weight gain was found to be significantly associated with improvement of clinical symptoms after 8 weeks of antipsychotic treatment. Weight gain was positively correlated with a decrease in PANSS scores for positive symptoms, general psychopathology, and overall symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that baseline weight, reduction in PANSS total score, and sex were significant factors associated with weight gain after treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Markku Laehteenvuo, Jurjen J. Luykx, Heidi Taipale, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, Antti Tanskanen, Albert Batalla, Jari Tiihonen
Summary: This study compared the effects of different antipsychotic medications on the risk of developing substance use disorder (SUD) and hospital admissions in patients with schizophrenia. The results showed that clozapine and antipsychotic polytherapy were most strongly associated with a reduced risk of developing SUD and lower relapse rates.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Montserrat Dieguez-Perez, Jesus Miguel Ticona-Flores, Beatriz Prieto-Regueiro
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep bruxism and its relationship with social and orofacial factors in children aged 3 to 5 years. Results showed that 28.9% of preschoolers had sleep bruxism, with the highest prevalence in boys (61.6%) at the age of 5 years (41.4%). Lip incompetence, open bite, crossbite, and overbite were found to be associated with sleep bruxism. These findings highlight the importance of considering orofacial characteristics and gender when assessing and managing sleep bruxism in preschool children.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Yue Xu, Nousayhah Amdanee, Xiangrong Zhang
Summary: Antipsychotic-induced constipation is a common adverse effect in patients with schizophrenia and can lead to serious complications. Despite its high incidence and impact on daily living, constipation is often under-recognized.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yuanjia Zheng, Xiumin Jiang, Yacen Gao, Lexin Yuan, Xiaotong Wang, Shengwei Wu, Yucen Xia, Lin Yao, Jinglan Yan, Lanying Liu, Yingdong Wei, Zhiqiang Song, Lin Yu, Yongjun Chen
Summary: APRC patients receiving EA treatment showed changes in gut microbiota, with EA treatment being more effective than SEA treatment in increasing spontaneous bowel movements and reducing the frequency of rescue measures.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
