Article
Neurosciences
Asher Geffen, Nicholas Bland, Martin V. Sale
Summary: The study investigated the effects of slow oscillatory (SO) tACS on motor cortical excitability and found that tACS had a facilitatory effect on motor cortical excitability that outlasted stimulation. However, there was no evidence supporting entrainment of endogenous oscillations as the underlying mechanism.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seong Hoon Bae, Seo Jin Moon, Jeong Gum Lee, Yun Kyung Yim, Hee So Oh, Dong Hee Han, In Seok Moon
Summary: The study compared the effects of rTMS and tDCS treatments for chronic tinnitus, showing comparable results in reducing tinnitus symptoms, with tDCS possibly being more cost-effective.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Jin Magara, Wakana Onuki, Reiko Ita, Takanori Tsujimura, Makoto Inoue
Summary: The study found that chewing movements suppress swallowing-related activity in the pharyngeal motor circuit.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ted Maldonado, Trevor Bryan Jackson, Jessica A. Bernard
Summary: This study investigated the impact of transcranial direct current stimulation on cerebellar and cortical activation. The findings showed that anodal stimulation worsened task performance and increased cortical activation in parietal and frontal regions.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Julia P. Imperatore, Daniel M. McCalley, Jeffrey J. Borckardt, Kathleen T. Brady, Colleen A. Hanlon
Summary: For chronic pain patients with opiate misuse issues, transcranial magnetic stimulation may be more effective in reducing pain interference and opiate dependence. The study found that stimulation of the motor cortex showed more significant effects in reducing pain interference and urge to use opiates compared to stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mikael Desmons, Antoine Rohel, Amelie Desgagnes, Catherine Mercier, Hugo Masse-Alarie
Summary: This study compared the effects of different current directions on the cortical control of the lumbar erector spinae muscle. Anteroposterior current induced later response latency, stronger inhibition, and higher motor threshold compared to posteroanterior current. These differences suggest that each current direction may recruit specific cortical circuits involved in controlling back muscles, similar to that for hand muscles.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Stephen J. Brandt, Halimah Y. Oral, Carla Arellano-Bravo, Martin H. Plawecki, Tom A. Hummer, Michael M. Francis
Summary: Schizophrenia is a complex condition with numerous negative outcomes, and existing treatments may not be effective for all individuals. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has shown potential as a novel therapeutic intervention for schizophrenia, despite mixed results in studies. Advances in rTMS technology, including the integration with neuroimaging, offer hope for improved understanding and treatment of schizophrenia.
Review
Neurosciences
Li Zhou, Yaju Jin, Danli Wu, Yongdan Cun, Chengcai Zhang, Yicheng Peng, Na Chen, Xichen Yang, Simei Zhang, Rong Ning, Peng Kuang, Zuhong Wang, Pengyue Zhang
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain neurostimulation technique that has shown neuroprotective effects in stroke patients, improving various neurological deficits. However, the exact mechanisms of TMS in stroke recovery are still unclear. This review discusses the potential mechanisms of TMS, including neurogenesis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis, and provides insights into its clinical application and future research directions.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gaia Bonassi, Elisa Pelosin, Giovanna Lagravinese, Ambra Bisio, Giorgio Grasselli, Marco Bove, Laura Avanzino
Summary: The study showed that when peripheral electrical stimulation was delivered 25 and 35 ms earlier to the ipsilateral cerebellum in healthy subjects, there was a significantly weaker cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI). This suggests that somatosensory inputs may modulate the inhibitory effect of the cerebellum on the primary motor cortex.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Emily Swinkin, Karlo J. Lizarraga, Musleh Algarni, Luis Garcia Dominguez, Julianne K. Baarbe, James Saravanamuttu, Robert Chen, Elizabeth Slow, Anthony E. Lang, Richard A. Wennberg
Summary: Celiac disease is associated with motor cortex hyperexcitability and cortical myoclonus. Neurophysiological characteristics in patients with celiac-associated cortical myoclonus include lateralized low-amplitude, electropositive beta-frequency polyspike activity over the central head region. Studies suggest that the oscillatory electroencephalography activity may be a distinct marker of celiac-related cortical myoclonus and is consistent with celiac-related motor cortex hyperexcitability, which may not necessarily result from cerebellar disinhibition.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Federico Ranieri, Sara Mariotto, Raffaele Dubbioso, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro
Summary: Neuromodulation techniques have been tested as a non-pharmacological therapeutic approach to slow disease progression in ALS, targeting excitatory and synaptic dysfunction. Non-invasive brain stimulation methods can suppress or enhance motor neuron excitability, potentially mediated by long-term potentiation (LTP)/long-term depression (LTD) mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Gangliang Zhong, Zhengyi Yang, Tianzi Jiang
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular modulatory technique for the noninvasive diagnosis and therapy of neurological and psychiatric diseases, but current modulation strategies are only moderately effective. The effects of TMS vary depending on device components and stimulation protocols, highlighting the importance of designing precise modulatory strategies in clinical or research applications. Recent advancements in combining TMS with neuroimaging techniques show promising potential for probing affected brain areas and predicting research directions aimed at precisely targeting and remodeling impaired cortices or circuits.
NEUROSCIENCE BULLETIN
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Carolin Balloff, Iris-Katharina Penner, Meng Ma, Iason Georgiades, Lina Scala, Nina Troullinakis, Jonas Graf, David Kremer, Orhan Aktas, Hans-Peter Hartung, Sven Gunther Meuth, Alfons Schnitzler, Stefan Jun Groiss, Philipp Albrecht
Summary: This study investigated the association between cortical plasticity and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The results showed that cortical plasticity correlated with cognitive performance and clinical disability in MS patients. Interestingly, the overall MS patient cohort did not exhibit reduced plasticity compared to healthy controls.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lorenzo Rocchi, Alessandro Di Santo, Katlyn Brown, Jaime Ibanez, Elias Casula, Vishal Rawji, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Giacomo Koch, John Rothwell
Summary: The study aims to measure the separate contributions of auditory and somatosensory stimulation caused by TMS, and assess their impact on the TEP waveform during motor cortex stimulation.
Auditory stimulation induces known responses in electrodes around the vertex, which can be suppressed by appropriate noise masking. Stimulation of the scalp alone generates nonspecific responses in central electrodes.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cheng-Ta Li, Chi-Hung Juan, Hui-Ching Lin, Chih-Ming Cheng, Hui-Ting Wu, Bang-Hung Yang, Shih-Jen Tsai, Tung-Ping Su, Paul B. Fitzgerald
Summary: This study is the first to reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms of the fronto-limbic circuit in individuals with major depressive disorder and demonstrates the differential modulation of neurotransmitter systems by rTMS and iTBS.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Julianne Baarbe, Karlo J. Lizarraga, Matt J. N. Brown, Utpal Saha, Alfonso Fasano, William D. Hutchison, Robert Chen
Summary: The study found that lower limb motor blocks during bilateral stepping in a virtual environment can predict the presence and severity of freezing of gait in patients with Parkinson's disease. This method can help detect FOG symptoms in patients who are unable or unsafe to walk.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2021)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Robert Chen
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Amitabh Bhattacharya, Kambhampati Mrudula, Sai Sreevalli Sreepada, Talakad Narsappa Sathyaprabha, Pramod Kumar Pal, Robert Chen, Kaviraja Udupa
Summary: The brain has the innate ability to undergo neuronal plasticity, which can be induced using noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as TMS, tDCS, and tACS. These techniques can induce plasticity at the systems level, allowing for the study of brain circuit neurophysiology and potential therapeutic use in psychiatric and neurological disorders.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
R. F. H. Cash, K. Udupa, C. A. Gunraj, F. Mazzella, Z. J. Daskalakis, A. H. C. Wong, J. L. Kennedy, R. Chen
Summary: Using individualized transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) parameters, this study found that the single nucleotide polymorphism (Val66Met) of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can influence neuroplasticity and neurotransmission. The research also observed a higher excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance ratio in Val/Val homozygotes compared to Met allele carriers.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ke Zeng, Ghazaleh Darmani, Anton Fomenko, Xue Xia, Stephanie Tran, Jean-Francois Nankoo, Yazan Shamli Oghli, Yanqiu Wang, Andres M. Lozano, Robert Chen
Summary: Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) has been shown to effectively induce cortical plasticity in human subjects, with the potential for neuromodulation treatment for neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as advancing neuroscience research. This study demonstrated the efficacy of TUS in increasing corticospinal excitability and modulating intracortical inhibition and facilitation in the motor cortex.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kaviraja Udupa, Amitabh Bhattacharya, Robert Chen
Summary: This article reviews the findings of motor cortical excitability, plasticity, and evoked potentials in dystonia. The studies suggest that there are alterations in cortical excitability and plasticity in dystonia, and different treatments such as deep brain stimulation can modulate these changes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Can Sarica, Anton Fomenko, Jean-Francois Nankoo, Ghazaleh Darmani, Artur Vetkas, Kazuaki Yamamoto, Andres M. Lozano, Robert Chen
Article
Neurosciences
Kai -Hsiang Stanley Chen, Tzu-Kang Hung, Rupesh Kumar Chikara, Yu-Ting Kuo, Yi-Ping Liu, Yan-Siou Dong, Yih-Ru Wu, Li -Wei Ko, Ying-Zu Huang, Robert Chen
Summary: Based on the theory of coordinated reset (CR) stimulation, the noninvasive coordinated multifocal burst stimulation (COMBS) was developed to modulate the target frequency in the primary motor cortex. The results showed an increase in a-band power and low I3-band power during the finger-tapping task, and a reduction in low I3-band event-related desynchronization after COMBS. However, there were no significant changes in cortical excitability measured by various parameters.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Talyta Grippe, Alfonso Fasano, Robert Chen
Summary: This article describes an unusual case involving a combination of slow orthostatic tremor, orthostatic myoclonus, and parkinsonism. The case highlights the importance of utilizing electrophysiology for precise characterization of physical findings in order to establish a diagnosis.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yazan Shamli Oghli, Talyta Grippe, Tarun Arora, Tasnuva Hoque, Ghazaleh Darmani, Robert Chen
Summary: In this study, the mechanisms of transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) in human primary motor cortex were investigated by administering different drugs to healthy subjects. The results showed that all study drugs reduced the plasticity effects of tbTUS on motor cortex excitability. The conclusion is that tbTUS may induce NMDA-dependent synaptic plasticity and is influenced by increased GABAA receptor activity and blockers of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephanie Tran, Calaina Brooke, Young Joon Kim, Stephen D. Perry, Jean-Francois Nankoo, Cricia Rinchon, Tarun Arora, Luc Tremblay, Robert Chen
Summary: People with Parkinson's disease show impaired visual and vestibular perception, but relatively preserved visual-vestibular integration during gait.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Talyta Grippe, Robert Chen
Summary: Many studies have shown that botulinum toxin (BoNT) can be an effective option for treating both motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and parkinsonian syndromes. BoNT has advantages over oral medications as it has localized action and a low incidence of systemic side effects, which is crucial in treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, most of the evidence for the use of BoNT in parkinsonism is based on open-label studies and there is a lack of randomized, controlled trials. Further research is needed to provide more evidence of its efficacy and determine the optimal injection protocols for different symptoms.
Article
Neurosciences
Sajitha Somasundaran Nair, Mini Maniyelil Govindankutty, Minimol Balakrishnan, Krishna Prasad, Talakad N. Sathyaprabha, Kaviraja Udupa
Summary: This study investigates the occurrence patterns and severity of autonomic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by using a computational model to simulate heart rate variability (HRV) for different autonomic states. The results show significant changes in HRV parameters in AD patients, indicating that autonomic function assessment can aid in the diagnosis and assessment of AD.
Article
Oncology
Ganagarajan Inbaraj, Kaviraja Udupa, Rao Mohan Raghavendra, Amritanshu Ram, Shekar Patil, Jamuna Rajeswaran, Krishna K. Nandakumar, Spoorthi Belur, Krishnamurthy Arjun, Ramajayam Govindaraj, Sapna K. Bayari, Talakad N. Sathyaprabha
Summary: This study aims to investigate the protective effects of Integrated Yoga Therapy (IYT) on cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CAD) in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. The results showed that patients in the IYT group had better cardiac autonomic functioning, reflected by lower resting heart rate and improved heart rate variability indices, compared to patients receiving usual care alone.
INTEGRATIVE CANCER THERAPIES
(2023)
