Review
Cell Biology
M. Garcia-Pallero, Diana Cardona, Lola Rueda-Ruzafa, Miguel Rodriguez-Arrastia, Pablo Roman
Summary: Phantom limb pain is a difficult-to-treat chronic pain syndrome. Neurostimulation treatment shows potential as an effective option, although more research evidence is needed. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation have been found to be effective in reducing pain perception and relieving anxiety and depression symptoms in phantom limb pain patients.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jin Zhang, Wen-Hao Huang, Ya-Dan Zheng, Xin Li, Hao-Xiang Jiang, Min-Zhi Su, Xiao-Yan Huang, Zu-Lin Dou, Zhi-Ming Tang
Summary: The study found that auricular acupuncture can modulate the excitability of the motor cortex area controlling the upper limbs. MEP amplitude, tapping score, and tapping speed significantly increased under the real stimulation condition, while decreased under the sham stimulation condition.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting, Andrew James Thomas Stevenson, Ulf Ziemann
Summary: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to study the excitability of corticospinal neurons in the hand versus leg representation of the human motor cortex. The results showed that regulation of excitability through GABAAergic and glutamatergic interneuronal circuitry is highly similar in both representations, and that both representations are activated in largely identical ways by TMS.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Muhammed Enes Gunduz, Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Camila Bonin Pinto, Dante Duarte, Faddi Ghassan Saleh Velez, Anna Carolyna Lepesteur Gianlorenco, Paulo Eduardo Portes Teixeira, Stefano Giannoni-Luza, David Crandell, Linamara Rizzo Battistella, Marcel Simis, Felipe Fregni
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of tDCS and MT on phantom limb pain in traumatic lower limb amputees, with tDCS showing beneficial effects on pain while MT did not affect motor cortex plasticity changes.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Wenjie Hao, Taohua Wei, Wenming Yang, Yue Yang, Ting Cheng, Xiang Li, Wei Dong, Hailin Jiang, Nannan Qian, Han Wang, Meixia Wang
Summary: This study showed that high-frequency rTMS on the primary motor cortex effectively alleviated upper limb dystonia in Wilson's disease patients. Objective muscle tension and stiffness, as well as clinical scale scores, were significantly reduced after the treatment.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Likai Wang, Fei Gao, Yongli Dai, Zhan Wang, Feng Liang, Jingyi Wu, Mengchun Wang, Litong Wang
Summary: This study aims to investigate the influence of taVNS on cortical responses in stroke patients with left or right hemiparesis and its potential impact on upper limb rehabilitation. They used fNIRS to examine patterns of cerebral activation in stroke patients during a block transfer task. The results showed that taVNS significantly increased cerebral activation, particularly in the left motor cortical network, without affecting cerebral lateralization.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Francisco Jose Sanchez-Cuesta, Yeray Gonzalez-Zamorano, Aida Arroyo-Ferrer, Marcos Moreno-Verdu, Juan Pablo Romero-Munoz
Summary: rTMS interventions over M1 are effective for improving upper limb motor function in people with subacute and chronic stroke. Early interventions are widely recommended, but interventions in subacute or chronic phases are still useful.
NEUROREHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Qiuwen Gong, Rubing Yan, Han Chen, Xia Duan, Xiaoyu Wu, Xin Zhang, Yi Zhou, Zhou Feng, Ya Chen, Jianbo Liu, Peng Xu, Jing Qiu, Hongliang Liu, Jingming Hou
Summary: This study found that cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) therapy can effectively and safely promote the recovery of upper limb motor function in stroke patients through a randomized trial.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Gaia Bonassi, Elisa Pelosin, Giovanna Lagravinese, Ambra Bisio, Giorgio Grasselli, Marco Bove, Laura Avanzino
Summary: The study showed that when peripheral electrical stimulation was delivered 25 and 35 ms earlier to the ipsilateral cerebellum in healthy subjects, there was a significantly weaker cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI). This suggests that somatosensory inputs may modulate the inhibitory effect of the cerebellum on the primary motor cortex.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pasquale Cardellicchio, Elisa Dolfini, Alessandro D'Ausilio
Summary: Evidence suggests that human sensorimotor interaction requires mutual behavioral adaptation and shared cognitive task representations. It has been shown that the left dorsal premotor cortex plays a role in sculpting movements and modulating stopping performance in joint action coordination.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
C. O. Muller, S. Perrey, K. Bakhti, M. Muthalib, G. Dray, B. Xu, D. Mottet, I. Laffont
Summary: Healthy aging leads to poorer performance in upper limb daily living movements. Two non-invasive neuroimaging methods, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and electroencephalography (EEG), were used in this study to evaluate the neural correlates of functional proximal upper limb movements. The results showed age-related changes in brain electrical and hemodynamic response patterns. This study suggests that combined fNIRS-EEG could be used to monitor movement-related neuroplasticity in clinical practice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Shane M. Fresnoza, Giorgi Batsikadze, Lynn Elena Mueller, Constanze Rost, Michael Chamoun, Walter Paulus, Min-Fang Kuo, Michael A. Nitsche
Summary: Dopamine plays a crucial role in neuroplasticity and has dosage-dependent effects on motor cortex plasticity. Different dosages of dopamine precursor such as L-DOPA can either impair, abolish, preserve, or reverse plasticity in healthy individuals. Similarly, selective D1-like and D2-like receptor activation has excitatory and inhibitory effects on plasticity. However, the effects of nonselective dopamine agonists like apomorphine on plasticity have not been extensively explored in humans.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Afifa Safdar, Marie-Claire Smith, Winston D. Byblow, Cathy M. Stinear
Summary: This review assessed the application of rTMS protocols for improving upper limb motor performance after stroke. The majority of studies still follow the interhemispheric competition model and do not consider the bimodal balance recovery model. Future studies should select patients and apply rTMS protocols based on ipsilesional corticomotor function.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sybren Van Hoornweder, Laurens Vanderzande, Eva Bloemers, Stefanie Verstraelen, Siel Depestele, Koen Cuypers, Kim van Dun, Carolien Strouwen, Raf Meesen
Summary: The study found that transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can improve upper limb function in stroke patients, but its effectiveness depends on multiple factors, with particularly promising results in chronic stroke patients.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Zhiqing Tang, Kaiyue Han, Rongrong Wang, Yue Zhang, Hao Zhang
Summary: Excitatory rTMS over the ipsilesional hemisphere significantly improves upper limb motor function, hand strength, and hand dexterity in stroke patients. Both iTBS and HF-rTMS can significantly promote upper limb motor function and hand dexterity, with excitatory rTMS being most beneficial when applied within the first 3 months after stroke.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Rory M. Christopherson, Joanna K. Fadyl, Gwyn N. Lewis
Summary: This study revealed that the actions of the workplace, healthcare providers, and workers' compensation parties can influence workplace supports, return-to-work expectations, and return-to-work outcome. These findings are crucial for work-disability prevention efforts.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Corey G. Wadsley, John Cirillo, Arne Nieuwenhuys, Winston D. Byblow
Summary: This study identified neural signatures of response preparation and inhibition during selective stopping of coupled and decoupled bimanual responses. Stopping was more selective for decoupled responses and supported by lateralized sensorimotor mu and beta power during response preparation. These findings provide valuable insights into the functional significance of decoupling for cognitive control in the form of selective stopping.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Corey G. Wadsley, John Cirillo, Arne Nieuwenhuys, Winston D. Byblow
Summary: Response inhibition is crucial for terminating inappropriate preplanned or ongoing responses, with selective stopping being a complex form of this inhibition. The stopping interference effect, characterized by response delays on unstopped effectors, may result from both selective and nonselective response inhibition processes. This effect can be influenced by factors such as response conflict, task familiarity, and functional coupling.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Harry T. Jordan, Joia Che, Winston D. Byblow, Cathy M. Stinear
Summary: This study aimed to develop decision trees using a subset of ARAT tasks to accurately categorize upper limb motor outcomes at the late subacute and chronic stages of stroke. The results showed that these decision trees had high accuracy in classifying patients' upper limb outcomes and remained accurate at 6 months poststroke according to ARAT scores.
Article
Neurosciences
Kelly Ho, John Cirillo, April Ren, Winston D. Byblow
Summary: This study investigates the role of intracortical circuits in the primary motor cortex (M1) during motor skill acquisition. The findings suggest that the excitatory circuitries responsible for the generation of late short-interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) peaks are modulated in motor skill acquisition, while the early SICF peak, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), and corticomotor excitability are not affected by training.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Corey G. Wadsley, John Cirillo, Arne Nieuwenhuys, Winston D. Byblow
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of interhemispheric primary motor cortex (M1-M1) influences during selective stopping with proactive cueing. The results showed that increased stopping uncertainty led to slower response times and reduced stopping interference. Proactive response inhibition was characterized by a slower rate of rise and faster cancel time in electromyographical bursts during stopping. There was a reduction in muscle excitability when the left hand was cued to stop, but there was no reinstatement of interhemispheric inhibition between the motor cortices.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Corey G. Wadsley, John Cirillo, Arne Nieuwenhuys, Winston D. Byblow
Summary: This study provides a freely available Selective Stopping Toolbox (SeleST) to investigate selective stopping using either anticipatory or stop-signal task variants. The results suggest that selective stopping can be successfully investigated with either anticipatory or stop-signal paradigms in SeleST. The anticipatory paradigm should be used when strict control of response times is desired, while the stop-signal paradigm should be used when it is desired to estimate stop-signal reaction time with the independent race model.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Orthopedics
Gwyn N. Lewis, David A. Rice, Usman Rashid, Peter J. McNair, Michal T. Kluger, Andrew A. Somogyi
Summary: This study aimed to identify trajectories of pain and function outcomes up to 5 to 8 years post-TKA and to determine baseline factors associated with different recovery trajectories. The results showed that most patients follow a traditional recovery trajectory in knee pain and function over 5 to 8 years, but alternative trajectories are observed in a minority of patients.
JOURNAL OF ARTHROPLASTY
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Patria A. Hume, Gwyn N. Lewis, Scott R. Brown, Usman Rashid, Alice Theadom, Denise Taylor
Summary: This study aimed to assess postural control in retired rugby players compared with retired non-contact sport players, and to evaluate any association with self-reported sport-related concussion history. The results showed that postural stability in challenging balance conditions was related to the history of sport-related concussion recurrence. There was no evidence of impaired balance ability in retired rugby players compared with non-contact sport athletes.
Review
Anesthesiology
Gwyn N. Lewis, Nusratnaaz Shaikh, Grace Wang, Shikha Chaudhary, Debbie J. Bean, Gareth Terry
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the cultural views of Indian and Chinese populations on pain and pain management, in order to improve chronic pain management for these ethnic migrant populations. A systematic review of qualitative studies was conducted, revealing a holistic interpretation and impact of pain in Indian and Chinese populations, with pain management influenced by multiple cultural factors. The study recommended strength-based management strategies based on preferences for traditional treatments and respect for Western healthcare.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Angela Upsdell, Jessee Fia'ali'i, Gwyn N. Lewis, Gareth Terry
Summary: This study explored Samoan health perceptions and beliefs regarding pain and its management in New Zealand. The findings indicate that Samoan individuals have beliefs about pain and its interpretation that go beyond traditional Western perspectives. While they often rely on traditional strengths within their families and communities to endure pain, the Samoan community faces challenges in accessing mainstream pain services.
HEALTH PROMOTION JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin Chong, Alan Wang, Cathy M. M. Stinear
Summary: Baseline scores and extent of impairment after stroke are important predictors of post-stroke outcomes. However, the validity of proportional recovery as a model has been questioned due to confounding factors and critiques. This article reviews the current understanding of proportional recovery, discusses potential confounds, and evaluates its usefulness in post-stroke recovery research.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ji-Hun Yoo, Benjamin Chong, Peter Alan Barber, Cathy Stinear, Alan Wang
Summary: This review examines the methodologies currently used in motor outcome prediction studies using atlas-based voxel neuroimaging features. The study found that there are various limitations in the current methods, such as a lack of detailed reporting on image acquisition and a lack of consensus on the use of a single sensorimotor atlas for prediction. Therefore, there is a need for further validation and improvement in neuroimaging feature development for motor outcome prediction.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Afifa Safdar, Marie-Claire Smith, Winston D. Byblow, Cathy M. Stinear
Summary: This review assessed the application of rTMS protocols for improving upper limb motor performance after stroke. The majority of studies still follow the interhemispheric competition model and do not consider the bimodal balance recovery model. Future studies should select patients and apply rTMS protocols based on ipsilesional corticomotor function.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marie-Claire Smith, Alan P. Barber, Benjamin J. Scrivener, Cathy M. Stinear
Summary: The study developed a tool to accurately predict whether and when stroke patients will be able to independently walk in the first 6 months post-stroke. Combining factors such as age, knee extension strength, and balance test results, the TWIST prediction tool demonstrated high accuracy in predicting the probability of independent walking at 4, 6, 9, 16, or 26 weeks post-stroke.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2022)
