Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Isabelle Mackrous, Jerome Carriot, Kathleen E. Cullen
Summary: This study recorded the activity of individual afferents during walking and running in monkeys and found that the encoding of the vestibular system is the same in passive and active conditions, contrary to previous hypotheses. The results suggest that during primate locomotion, the vestibular periphery relays important information to the brain, while context-dependent modulation is centrally controlled.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Lauren A. Poppi, Mark J. Bigland, Ethan T. Cresswell, Hessam Tabatabaee, David Lorincz, Hannah R. Drury, Robert J. Callister, Joseph C. Holt, Rebecca Lim, Alan M. Brichta, Doug W. Smith
Summary: Cholinergic signaling in the peripheral vestibular sensory organs is vulnerable to aging processes, leading to molecular and functional age-related changes. This was evidenced by reduced expression of nicotinic receptor subunit genes and reduced conductance through alpha9/10 subunit-containing nicotinic receptors in older mice. Given the importance of these organs to balance maintenance and visual gaze stability, further investigation into altered peripheral vestibular function in older humans is warranted.
JOURNALS OF GERONTOLOGY SERIES A-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES AND MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Glenn T. Schneider, Choongheon Lee, Anjali K. Sinha, Paivi M. Jordan, Joseph C. Holt
Summary: The study reveals that electrical stimulation of the mammalian efferent vestibular system is predominantly mediated by acetylcholine, with muscarinic AChR antagonists blocking slow excitation and nicotinic AChR antagonist DH beta E selectively blocking fast excitation. This confirms that mammalian EVS actions are predominantly cholinergic.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gi-Sung Nam, Seong-Hoon Bae, Hye-Jeen Kim, Ji-Woong Cho, In-Seok Moon
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed preoperative vestibular function tests in patients with vestibular schwannoma (VS) to determine the value of these tests in predicting tumor origin. The results suggest that the gain of vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) in the ipsilesional posterior canal (iPC) during the video head impulse test (vHIT) may be a useful indicator of nerve origin in patients with VS, especially in cases of medium to large tumors. Other cochleovestibular function tests have limited value in discriminating nerve origins.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Mehrangiz Ashiri, Brian Lithgow, Abdelbaset Suleiman, Behzad Mansouri, Zahra Moussavi
Summary: Vection is a self-motion sensation induced in stationary observers, which can lead to postural control issues and cybersickness symptoms. The study explores vestibular response changes following vection in 20 individuals, showing differences in field potentials and time intervals between dynamic and stationary segments. Increased vestibular activity due to visually induced self-motion sensation may contribute to imbalance and increased likelihood of cybersickness.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kantapon Pum Wiboonsaksakul, Dale C. Roberts, Charles C. Della Santina, Kathleen E. Cullen
Summary: Implementing natural encoding strategies improves the performance of vestibular prosthesis, while more dynamic tunings may not be beneficial. Using computational methods, a simple model can explain eye movements evoked by different stimulation modes, and the activation efficacy should be considered in prosthesis encoding. These findings are important for improving functional outcomes in prosthesis development.
Article
Biology
Omid A. Zobeiri, Kathleen E. Cullen
Summary: Accurately controlling posture and spatial orientation during self-motion requires integration of vestibular and neck proprioceptive inputs. The anterior vermis of the cerebellum is believed to play a crucial role in transforming sensory information into an estimate of body motion. The response dynamics of Purkinje cells in the anterior vermis show heterogeneity and they encode an intermediate representation of self-motion between head and body motion. This heterogeneity is proposed to underlie the cerebellum's ability to compute the dynamic representation of body motion for postural control and perceptual stability.
Article
Neurosciences
Bela Bueki, Americo A. Migliaccio
Summary: This review discusses the methods, stimuli, and responses (latency and amplitude), as well as the peripheral/central pathways and clinical relevance of vergence-mediated gain increase (VMGI) during near-viewing. The study finds that VMGI can be measured during rotational, linear, and combined head accelerations, and is driven by perception, visual-context, and internal modelling. Despite technical barriers to measurement in clinical settings, VMGI shows promise as a diagnostic tool for measuring otolith function, and as a potential tool for tailoring rehabilitation programs, including VOR adaptation training during near-viewing.
JOURNAL OF VESTIBULAR RESEARCH-EQUILIBRIUM & ORIENTATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Serajul Khan, Alan M. Brichta, Americo A. Migliaccio
Summary: This study investigated the effect of ascorbate on the recovery of vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) after labyrinthectomy. The results showed that treatment with ascorbate reduced acute loss and aided in the recovery during the acute to chronic compensation stages. One possible mechanism is that ascorbate enhances the vestibulo-ocular reflex pathway, increasing the number and sensitivity of vestibular afferents.
JARO-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH IN OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
A. K. Grotle, J. V. Langlo, E. Holsbrekken, A. J. Stone, H. Tanaka, P. J. Fadel
Summary: This review provides an overview of the influence of aging on cardiovascular responses to exercise, with a focus on the exercise pressor reflex, and proposes future research directions.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yugandhar Ramakrishna, Marco Manca, Elisabeth Glowatzki, Soroush G. Sadeghi
Summary: Vestibular nerve afferents can be categorized into regular and irregular groups based on the variability of interspike intervals in their resting discharge. Most afferents receive inputs from different types of hair cells, with calyx terminals containing KCNQ potassium channels and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and being regulated by cholinergic efferent inputs.
Article
Neurosciences
Kevin P. Cross, Hui Guang, Stephen H. Scott
Summary: This article reports a common problem in motor control, which is how to generate patterns of muscle activity when there are redundant solutions to attain a behavioral goal. The study shows that monkeys are able to exploit goal redundancy similar to humans, providing a model to study the neural basis of goal-directed motor action and motor redundancy.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Fu Zeng, Adam Zaidel, Aihua Chen, Christopher R. Fetsch
Summary: The adult brain shows remarkable plasticity by recalibrating its perceptual estimates based on information from multiple sensory sources. In this study, single-neuron activity was recorded in monkeys' brains, revealing that early multisensory cortices participate in unsupervised recalibration, while the VIP area reflects a global shift in vestibular space.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Richard Boyle
Summary: Gravity plays a crucial role in animal evolution, affecting various aspects such as movement, spatial orientation, and postural stability. Different species may execute movements differently, but the sensory systems detecting acceleration forces have been conserved and maintained among vertebrates. Changes in gravity can have profound and global effects on organisms.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Douglas A. Murad, Yusuke Tsugawa, David A. Elashoff, Kevin M. Baldwin, Douglas S. Bell
Summary: This study analyzed how the introduction of competing alerts affected provider adherence to a single depression screening alert. The results showed that the cumulative alert exposure of physicians over the past quarter was strongly associated with adherence to the alert, and the presence of competing alerts during the same visit further reduced adherence among physicians with intermediate alert exposure.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION
(2022)