Review
Clinical Neurology
Michael J. Bradshaw, Siddharama Pawate, Laura L. Koth, Tracey A. Cho, Jeffrey M. Gelfand
Summary: Neurosarcoidosis typically presents as recognizable syndromes that can be diagnosed by considering clinical syndrome, imaging and histopathological findings, and excluding other causes. Recent years have seen significant advancements in understanding and treating neurosarcoidosis, with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors playing an important role in therapy.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Carlo Cattaneo, Wolfgang H. Jost
Summary: Continuous medical progress has led to longer life expectancy, but also an increase in neurological disorders. Parkinson's disease, the fastest growing neurological condition, is associated with both motor and non-motor symptoms, with pain being a common yet often overlooked symptom. Accurate identification and treatment of Parkinson's disease pain is crucial.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Efthalia Angelopoulou, Anastasia Bougea, Yam Nath Paudel, Vasiliki Epameinondas Georgakopoulou, Sokratis G. G. Papageorgiou, Christina Piperi
Summary: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous disorder with poorly understood pathological factors. Depression is a common non-motor symptom of PD, and genetic polymorphisms may influence the risk of depression in PD patients. This review explores the role of genetic factors in the development of PD depression, aiming to understand its molecular pathobiology and facilitate the development of targeted treatments.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gavin T. Nicholson
Summary: This article summarizes the development of mouse models of gallstones, their significance to genetic studies of gallstone disease, and the most recent breakthroughs in gallstone pathophysiology from animal experiments. Physical-chemical, genetic, and molecular biological studies of gallstone disease in mice with knockout or transgene of specific target genes have revealed many novel insights into the intricate pathogenic processes of this very common hepatobiliary disease, demonstrating that interactions of five primary defects play an important role in the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones.
JOURNAL OF THE PANCREAS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
T. Warnecke, K-H Schaefer, I Claus, K. Del Tredici, W. H. Jost
Summary: Growing evidence suggests that dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) plays a significant role in Parkinson's disease (PD). Most PD patients experience symptoms such as difficulty swallowing, excessive saliva production, bloating, nausea, vomiting, delayed gastric emptying, and constipation. The accumulation of Lewy pathology in the GIT and central nervous system is thought to contribute to these symptoms. Complications, including malnutrition, dehydration, inadequate response to medications, pneumonia, intestinal obstruction, and megacolon, often require hospitalization. Diagnostic tools and novel treatment approaches are being developed, although more high-level evidence trials are needed. Additionally, the role of the GIT microbiome in PD is being increasingly recognized.
NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Priyadarshi Prajjwal, Herson S. Flores Sanga, Kirtish Acharya, Tamara Tango, Jobby John, Rene S. C. Rodriguez, Mohammed Dheyaa Marsool Marsool, Mukhamed Sulaimanov, Aneeqa Ahmed, Omniat A. Hussin
Summary: Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease, with various risk factors such as age, gender, genetics, and environmental factors. The main pathology is a deficiency of dopamine in the brain, leading to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signals. The disease presents with motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms. Diagnosis should differentiate from other diseases. Treatment involves a combination of pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, with surgery indicated for chronic cases.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Luiz Fernando Norcia, Erika Mayumi Watanabe, Pedro Tadao Hamamoto Filho, Claudia Nishida Hasimoto, Leonardo Pelafsky, Walmar Kerche de Oliveira, Ligia Yukie Sassaki
Summary: Polycystic liver disease (PLD) is a rare genetic condition characterized by the presence of multiple cysts in the liver. Most patients are asymptomatic, but a small percentage experience severe symptoms. The diagnosis is based on family history, clinical manifestations, and imaging examinations. Treatment options include somatostatin analogues and liver transplantation.
HEPATIC MEDICINE-EVIDENCE AND RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
M. Aubignat, M. Tir, P. Krystkowiak
Summary: Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by abnormal intra-neuronal accumulation of alpha-synuclein leading to a myriad of non-motor symptoms which can precede motor signs by ten years and have a greater impact on quality of life than motor signs themselves. Understanding, recognizing, and managing these non-motor symptoms is crucial in the management of patients with Parkinson's disease.
REVUE DE MEDECINE INTERNE
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Jens Lutz
Summary: Nephrotic syndrome in adults is mainly caused by membranous nephropathy (MN), where autoantibodies can serve as diagnostic biomarkers. New immunosuppressive treatments have been introduced to protect the kidneys from autoimmune mediated damage and to improve remission rates in patients with MN.
NEPHROLOGIE & THERAPEUTIQUE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Abdulrazak Abyad, Ahmed sami Hammami
Summary: Despite being the most effective dopaminergic treatment for Parkinson's disease, there is still debate on the optimal way to use levodopa. Practical guidance on its optimal use throughout the disease is scarce. This article discusses the use, benefits, and side effects of levodopa in the context of Parkinson's disease.
WORLD FAMILY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michiel F. Dirkx, Matteo Bologna
Summary: This article reviews the dysfunctional network underlying tremor in PD, discusses the oscillations and synchronization changes in two central motor circuits, and emphasizes the pathophysiological consequences of the abnormal interaction between the two systems.
JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Nevra Oksuz, Seyda Ozturk, Okan Dogu
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with a rising incidence. Current diagnosis criteria are limited and non-motor symptoms may occur in the early stages. Finding early diagnostic biomarkers and improving treatment methods are crucial.
NOROPSIKIYATRI ARSIVI-ARCHIVES OF NEUROPSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Gregory M. Pontone, Kelly A. Mills
Summary: Depression and anxiety are common and significantly impact quality of life in Parkinson's disease. Current management strategies need to address both motor and psychiatric symptoms, but there is a lack of randomized controlled trials for pharmacological treatment of anxiety and nonpharmacological interventions have not shown efficacy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Gabriel E. Vazquez-Velez, Huda Y. Zoghbi
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by degeneration of the substantia nigra pars compacta and accumulation of alpha-synuclein in Lewy bodies. Genetic factors play an important role in PD pathophysiology, with dysfunction of endosomal, lysosomal, and mitochondrial pathways being associated with the disease. This knowledge could be utilized for developing disease-modifying therapeutics.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF NEUROSCIENCE, VOL 44, 2021
(2021)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jianli Xu, Lei Wang, Xi Chen, Weidong Le
Summary: Constipation is a common prodromal non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease that occurs before the onset of motor symptoms. The occurrence of constipation increases as the disease progresses and may affect the absorption of Parkinson's disease medications. Therefore, understanding the pathophysiological factors contributing to constipation and finding effective treatment strategies are necessary.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
