Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Folashade A. Ogunrinade, Victoria U. Iwuanyanwu, Satyajit D. Sarker, Olumayokun A. Olajide
Summary: Skimmianine reduces the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated BV-2 microglia and inhibits neuroinflammation by targeting the NF-kappa B activation pathway.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chunting Zhang, Hongyong Wang, Weiwei Liang, Yueqing Yang, Chaohua Cong, Ying Wang, Shuyu Wang, Xudong Wang, Di Wang, Di Huo, Honglin Feng
Summary: The study demonstrates that DPDS provides neuroprotection by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory injury. DPDS attenuates neuroinflammation by inhibiting the I kappa B/NF-kappa B pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. This finding was further validated in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yan Mi, Kun Jiao, Ji-kai Xu, Kun Wei, Jing-yu Liu, Qing-qi Meng, Ting-ting Guo, Xue-ni Zhang, Di Zhou, De-gang Qing, Yu Sun, Ning Li, Yue Hou
Summary: The study explored the effect of kellerin on cerebral ischemia and its possible mechanisms using MCAO model and LPS-activated microglia model. Kellerin improved neurological outcome, reduced brain infarct size, and alleviated neuron damage by inhibiting microglial activation under pathologic conditions of focal cerebral ischemia. In in vitro studies, kellerin protected neuronal cells from damage by suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, NF-kappa B signaling pathway, ROS generation, and NADPH oxidase activity.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Sean K. Wang, Constance L. Cepko
Summary: This review discusses the roles of microglia in various eye disorders and explores the potential of targeting microglia for disease treatment. Different approaches include depleting microglia, reprogramming microglia, and inhibiting their downstream effects. Future research is needed to fully utilize the therapeutic value of microglia in eye diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Deepak Prasad Gupta, Sung Hee Park, Young-Sun Lee, Sanghyun Lee, Sujin Lim, Jiin Byun, Ik-Hyun Cho, Gyun Jee Song
Summary: This study found that Daphne genkwa flower extract (GFE) has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. GFE inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators, increased the activity of neuroprotective microglia, and promoted phagocytosis. These findings provide a new approach for using GFE to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
Review
Cell Biology
Teng Wan, Yunling Huang, Xiaoyu Gao, Wanpeng Wu, Weiming Guo
Summary: Exosomes are important vehicles for intercellular signaling and play a significant role in stroke regulation. There is a close link between microglia polarization and exosomes, where exosome inclusions such as microRNAs play a crucial role in regulating microglia polarization.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Miao Chai, Gang Su, Juan Gao, Wei Chen, Qionghui Wu, Ying Dong, He Wang, Deyi Chen, Yonghong Li, Xin Gao, Ruixin Li, Tianfei Ma, Zhenchang Zhang
Summary: Microglia, as innate immune cells in the brain, can exert neuroprotective effects on neurons through various mechanisms, such as suppressing inflammation and promoting neurite growth. M2 microglia have been shown to have beneficial effects in various CNS diseases and injuries, highlighting the importance of understanding their mechanisms for potential therapeutic targets.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Luying Qiu, Yaxuan Wang, Yuye Wang, Fang Liu, Shumin Deng, Weishuang Xue, Yanzhe Wang
Summary: This study used the OGDR model to evaluate ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. It found that excessively activated microglia can cause neuronal damage by producing pro-inflammatory mediators. The study demonstrated that UA can reduce neuronal damage by reversing the MMP/TIMP imbalance caused by microglia.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kazuyuki Takata, Florent Ginhoux, Shun Shimohama
Summary: Microglia are specialized macrophages in the central nervous system that play key roles in brain immunity, development, and homeostasis. Recent advances in single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomic technologies have revealed the heterogeneity of microglia and their involvement in brain pathologies, including Alzheimer's disease. Understanding microglial biology at the single-cell level may lead to new therapeutic targets for treating neuroinflammatory conditions like AD.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Atrin Yousefizadeh, Gaia Piccioni, Amira Saidi, Viviana Triaca, Dalila Mango, Robert Nistico
Summary: This review discusses the pathophysiological roles of microglia in Alzheimer's disease and explores potential pharmacological intervention targets. It also provides evidence for microglia-targeted strategies in preclinical research and early clinical trials.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lalita Subedi, Bhakta Prasad Gaire
Summary: The search for novel therapeutic agents for cerebral ischemia/stroke has led to a focus on neuroprotective phytochemicals with anti-inflammatory properties as potential drug candidates. Studies have shown that these compounds reduce brain inflammation by decreasing proinflammatory microglia and macrophages while promoting anti-inflammatory responses, leading to improved outcomes in animal stroke models.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Marit Knoop, Marie-Laure Possovre, Alice Jacquens, Alexandre Charlet, Olivier Baud, Pascal Darbon
Summary: The neonatal period is critical for brain development, but also carries the risk of brain injuries. Brain injury can lead to long-term neurological problems and is associated with neuroinflammation. The neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) plays an important role in the perinatal period and has potential neuroprotective effects for early brain development.
Article
Immunology
Wen-yu Ma, Sha-sha Wang, Qing-lin Wu, Xin Zhou, Shi-feng Chu, Nai-hong Chen
Summary: This study summarizes the functional changes of TREM2 in microglia after stroke, indicating that TREM2 has significant effects on energy metabolism, phagocytosis, and anti-inflammatory function of microglia after stroke, suggesting that TREM2 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of stroke.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Andrezza Bond Vieira Furtado, Debora Farina Goncalves, Diane Duarte Hartmann, Aline Alves Courtes, Gustavo Cassol, Yanier Nunez-Figueredo, Deivison Silva Argolo, Ravena Pereira do Nascimento, Silvia Lima Costa, Victor Diogenes Amaral da Silva, Luiz Fernando Freire Royes, Felix Alexandre Antunes Soares
Summary: The study investigated the effects of the new hybrid molecule JM-20 on TBI outcomes, showing improvements in locomotor and exploratory activities, prevention of brain edema, and attenuation of neuroinflammation cascades. JM-20 also restored BDNF mRNA levels and increased GDNF and NGF levels, supporting its neuroprotective role in treating mild TBI.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Yousaf, Dennis Chang, Yang Liu, Tianqing Liu, Xian Zhou
Summary: The lack of effective treatment for neurological disorders has prompted researchers to explore new therapeutic strategies. Neuroinflammation, caused by activated microglia, is emerging as an important target for treating neurological dysfunction. Cannabidiol (CBD), derived from Cannabis sativa L., has shown promising therapeutic effects for various neurological disorders. This review summarizes the anti-neuroinflammatory activities of CBD and its derivatives, focusing on their molecular mechanisms of action. The studies shed light on the development of CBD as a novel therapeutic option for neurological disorders where neuroinflammation plays a role.