Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heather D. Ots, Jovanna A. Tracz, Katherine E. Vinokuroff, Alberto E. Musto
Summary: CD40-CD40L plays a key role in the central nervous system by upregulating proinflammatory molecules. Its function is well understood in the context of infection, but its role in neurological diseases of non-infectious etiology is unclear. This review examines the role of CD40-CD40L in various neurological diseases and highlights therapeutic advancements targeting the CD40 system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Irollo, Jared Luchetta, Chunta Ho, Bradley Nash, Olimpia Meucci
Summary: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is still common in patients receiving antiretroviral therapies, even though they may have milder symptoms. Recent studies suggest that synaptodendritic damage and disruption of neuronal networks in certain brain areas are at least partially responsible for HAND in treated patients.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Annelie Shami, Andreas Edsfeldt, Eva Bengtsson, Jan Nilsson, Angela C. Shore, Andrea Natali, Faisel Khan, Esther Lutgens, Isabel Goncalves
Summary: This study found that elevated plasma levels of sCD40 and sCD40L are associated with cardiovascular disease, with sCD40 levels correlating with the severity of carotid atherosclerosis and predicting future cardiovascular events, while intra-plaque levels are associated with a vulnerable plaque phenotype.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jason P. Fernandes, William G. Branton, Eric A. Cohen, Gerrit Koopman, Ivanela Kondova, Benjamin B. Gelman, Christopher Power
Summary: Despite effective antiretroviral therapies, a significant proportion of treated HIV infection cases develop a neurodegenerative syndrome called HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). This study investigates the mechanisms underlying neuronal damage and death in HAND and identifies a novel mechanism by which HIV triggers pyroptotic death in neurons. Targeting this mechanism could offer new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HAND and other neurodegenerative disorders.
Article
Immunology
William G. Branton, Jason P. Fernandes, Nazanin Mohammadzadeh, Mathew A. L. Doan, Jon D. Laman, Benjamin B. Gelman, Zahra Fagrouch, Ivanela Kondova, Petra Mooij, Gerrit Koopman, Christopher Power
Summary: This study investigated the interactions between lentivirus infections, neuroinflammation, and microbial molecules in the brain. The findings showed that levels of microbial genomes and proteins were increased in brain tissues from lentivirus-infected humans and animals, and were associated with neurological disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yoko K. Takada, Michiko Shimoda, Emanual Maverakis, Brunie H. Felding, R. Holland Cheng, Yoshikazu Takada
Summary: CD40L is a member of the TNF superfamily that activates immune cells through integrins alpha v beta 3, alpha 5 beta 1, and also alpha 4 beta 1. The binding to site 2 and activation of integrins may play a role in CD40L signaling.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Borrajo Lopez, Maria Aranzazu Penedo, Tania Rivera-Baltanas, Daniel Perez-Rodriguez, David Alonso-Crespo, Carlos Fernandez-Pereira, Jose Manuel Olivares, Roberto Carlos Agis-Balboa
Summary: Current use of combined antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced deaths and comorbidities associated with HIV-1 infection, but cannot eliminate the virus from long-lived cellular reservoirs. Research on microglial cells as the primary target cells for HIV-1 in the CNS, and investigating the viral latency mechanisms and potential treatments, are important steps towards preventing and curing HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Ojeda-Juarez, Marcus Kaul
Summary: People living with HIV often develop neurological and neurocognitive complications, despite improvements in survival rates with antiretroviral therapy. Research on HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) has focused on transcriptomic and genetic analyses, with much left to explore in understanding the genetic underpinnings of HAND.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hiroshi Fujimoto, Soichiro Fukuzato, Kazuki Kanno, Taisuke Akutsu, Hironori Ohdaira, Yutaka Suzuki, Mitsuyoshi Urashima
Summary: Elevated sCD40L levels may serve as a biomarker for poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer, while vitamin D supplementation may improve relapse-free survival in patients with high sCD40L.
Review
Microbiology
Aaron Scanlan, Zhan Zhang, Rajeth Koneru, Monica Reece, Christina Gavegnano, Albert M. Anderson, William Tyor
Summary: Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) caused by HIV infection affects a large proportion of people with HIV, despite antiretroviral therapy (ART). Current clinical trials exploring adjunctive therapeutics for NCI treatment have had limited success, indicating the need for novel compounds that target both HIV replication and neuroinflammation. Brain mononuclear phagocytes (MPs), which are responsible for inflammation and HIV protein expression, hold promise as a target for immunomodulating agents. This review discusses recent developments and future approaches for treating HIV NCI.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Borrajo, Daniel Perez-Rodriguez, Carlos Fernandez-Pereira, Jose Maria Prieto-Gonzalez, Roberto Carlos Agis-Balboa
Summary: HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) continue to be a problem despite improvements in life expectancy and viral load reduction. The mechanisms behind these disorders, such as neurogenesis and mitochondrial dysfunction, are not yet fully understood. Pharmacological approaches have been approved but have drawbacks like side effects and potential drug resistance. Genetic studies provide insights into cognitive impairment in HIV-1 patients and can help tailor treatment approaches. This review aims to summarize epidemiological data, genetic research, and potential pharmacological therapies for HANDs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yang Liu, Huiqun Fu, Tianlong Wang
Summary: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are common complications in elderly patients, characterized by cognitive decline after anesthesia and surgery. Neuroinflammation, particularly in the elderly, has been identified as a major cause, with the activation of glial cells playing a significant role in the inflammatory responses in the central nervous system (CNS). Clinical and preclinical studies have provided evidence from various levels to understand PNDs and their potential therapeutic targets, but further research is needed to investigate the signaling pathways and their relationship with future neurocognitive dysfunction.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Feng Xu, Yafeng Wang, Linlin Han, Daling Deng, Yuanyuan Ding, LuLin Ma, Qingtong Zhang, Xiangdong Chen
Summary: The study indicated that exposure to sevoflurane can induce cognitive dysfunction, anxiety-like behaviors, and neuroinflammation in rats by down-regulating HCN2 expression, a target of sevoflurane action. Furthermore, blocking HCN2 exacerbated the negative effects of sevoflurane exposure.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sujatha Muralidharan, Moses Njenga, Tracy Garron, Kent Bondensgaard, John F. Paolini
Summary: The CD40/CD40L pathway plays a major role in inflammatory processes. Abnormal activation of this pathway is implicated in autoimmune diseases. KPL-404, a novel anti-CD40 antibody, demonstrates potency, efficacy, and safety in preclinical characterization.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Monray E. Williams, Petrus J. W. Naude, Francois H. van der Westhuizen
Summary: HAND is a common neurocognitive disorder among HIV-positive individuals, with studies focusing on identifying potential biomarkers associated with cognitive impairment. Recent research has shown promising results in using proteomic and metabolomic approaches to uncover pathways and markers related to HAND.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Vir B. Singh, Alicia K. Wooten, Joseph W. Jackson, Sanjay B. Maggirwar, Michelle Kiebala
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2015)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Letitia D. Jones, Joseph W. Jackson, Sanjay B. Maggirwar
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph W. Jackson, Meera V. Singh, Vir B. Singh, Letitia D. Jones, Gregory A. Davidson, Sara Ture, Craig N. Morrell, Giovanni Schifitto, Sanjay B. Maggirwar
Article
Immunology
Meera V. Singh, Donna C. Davidson, Joseph W. Jackson, Vir B. Singh, Jharon Silva, Servio H. Ramirez, Sanjay B. Maggirwar
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Hematology
Joseph W. Jackson, Genesis M. Rivera-Marquez, Kristin Beebe, Andy D. Tran, Jane B. Trepel, Jason E. Gestwicki, Brian S. J. Blagg, Shuichi Ohkubo, Leonard M. Neckers
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Nobu Oshima, Ryo Ishida, Shun Kishimoto, Kristin Beebe, Jeffrey R. Brender, Kazutoshi Yamamoto, Daniel Urban, Ganesha Rai, Michelle S. Johnson, Gloria Benavides, Giuseppe L. Squadrito, Dan Crooks, Joseph Jackson, Abhinav Joshi, Bryan T. Mott, Jonathan H. Shrimp, Michael A. Moses, Min-Jung Lee, Akira Yuno, Tobie D. Lee, Xin Hu, Tamara Anderson, Donna Kusewitt, Helen H. Hathaway, Ajit Jadhav, Didier Picard, Jane B. Trepel, James B. Mitchell, Gordon M. Stott, William Moore, Anton Simeonov, Larry A. Sklar, Jeffrey P. Norenberg, W. Marston Linehan, David J. Maloney, Chi V. Dang, Alex G. Waterson, Matthew Hall, Victor M. Darley-Usmar, Murali C. Krishna, Leonard M. Neckers
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Emily A. Weber, Meera Singh, Vir B. Singh, Joseph W. Jackson, Sara K. Ture, Sumanun Suwunnakorn, Craig N. Morrell, Sanjay B. Maggirwar
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
William C. Chang, Joseph W. Jackson, Kellie R. Machlus, Alisa S. Wolberg, Mikhail V. Ovanesov
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2020)
Review
Hematology
Mikhail V. Ovanesov, Joseph W. Jackson, Basil Golding, Timothy K. Lee
Summary: This article discusses the factors to consider when choosing an assay for potency assignment and postadministration monitoring of new factor products, including the validity of the assay calibrated with the IS, the meaning of potency values in IU, standards of care for patients, clinical relevance between the assigned potency value and recovery value from clinical laboratories, and patient safety.
JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Article
Hematology
William C. Chang, Joseph W. Jackson, Kellie R. Machlus, Alisa S. Wolberg, Mikhail V. Ovanesov
Summary: The study found that correction provided by the CAT algorithm is critical for detecting a subset of extremely procoagulant samples, such as elevated prothrombin, but is not necessary for all other conditions, including elevated factors XI and VIII.
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Yideng Liang, Joseph W. Jackson, Samuel A. Woodle, Stepan S. Surov, Leonid A. Parunov, Dorothy E. Scott, Mark Weinstein, Timothy K. Lee, Mikhail V. Ovanesov
Summary: Different methods were used to assess FXIa activity in IG products, with varying levels of sensitivity and precision. Using WHO reference reagents helped to standardize the measurement of thrombotic potentials in IG products, with some methods showing higher sensitivity to FXIa and others showing higher precision. Further research is needed to understand the impact of IG product matrices on assay performance.
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Letter
Hematology
Joseph W. Jackson, Stepan S. Surov, Yideng Liang, Leonid A. Parunov, Mikhail V. Ovanesov
RESEARCH AND PRACTICE IN THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2020)