Article
Immunology
Howard S. Fox, Meng Niu, Brenda M. Morsey, Benjamin G. Lamberty, Katy Emanuel, Palsamy Periyasamy, Shannon Callen, Arpan Acharya, Gregory Kubik, James Eudy, Chittibabu Guda, Shetty Ravi Dyavar, Courtney V. Fletcher, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Shilpa Buch
Summary: Opioid abuse and HIV infection have devastating effects on physiological systems, including the brain. Morphine treatment increases viral reservoir in the brains of SIV-infected macaques and creates an immunosuppressive environment, blunting initial responses to infection. The transcriptional signature of microglia and brain macrophages is transformed to a neurodegenerative phenotype.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Omalla A. Olwenyi, Samuel D. Johnson, Kabita Pandey, Michellie Thurman, Arpan Acharya, Shilpa J. Buch, Howard S. Fox, Anthony T. Podany, Courtney V. Fletcher, Siddappa N. Byrareddy
Summary: CD4+ CTLs play a crucial role in limiting HIV pathogenesis and persistence, as demonstrated in rhesus macaque models where CD29 is identified as a reliable marker for these cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Carla Mavian, Andrea S. Ramirez-Mata, James Jarad Dollar, David J. Nolan, Melanie Cash, Kevin White, Shannan N. Rich, Brittany Rife Magalis, Simone Marini, Mattia C. F. Prosperi, David Moraga Amador, Alberto Riva, Kenneth C. Williams, Marco Salemi
Summary: Our study found significant enrichment in activation of monocyte and macrophage cellular pathways in animals with detectable brain infection, independently from CD8+ lymphocyte depletion. In addition, transcripts of four poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) were up-regulated in the frontal cortex, which was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Robyn S. Klein
Summary: The article provides a review of mosquito-borne viruses causing neurologic infections in Africa, discussing their neuropathogenesis and host neuroimmunological responses. It also explores the potential of neuroimmune responses in the development of new diagnostics and therapeutics, highlighting current knowledge gaps that need to be addressed in arbovirus research.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Sarah J. Edwards, Brenton Rowe, Tristan Reid, Mary Tachedjian, Sarah Caruso, Kim Blasdell, Shumpei Watanabe, Jemma Bergfeld, Glenn A. Marsh
Summary: Hendra virus (HeV) and Nipah virus (NiV) can cause fatal encephalitis in humans. Animal models have been used to study their pathogenesis, and it was found that intranasal challenge with HeV leads to neurological infection in mice, while NiV infection does not infect the brain. Recombinant viruses were generated to examine the role of selected proteins in neuroinvasion, but their infection outcomes in mice did not differ from wildtype viruses. However, primary mouse neurons were successfully infected in vitro, suggesting that other pathobiological factors contribute to the differences in disease outcomes in mice.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shelli F. Farhadian, Danielle Seilhean, Serena Spudich
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been observed that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to neurological complications, with direct viral invasion of the central nervous system occurring only in a subset of cases. Vascular abnormalities and neuroimmune perturbations may contribute to neurological symptoms during acute infection, suggesting that immune-modulating interventions could be investigated to alleviate these complications and potentially impact long-term outcomes of COVID-19.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Virology
Liset de Vries, Alfred T. Harding
Summary: Flaviviruses are globally distributed viruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality. They can reach the central nervous system by disrupting or bypassing the blood-brain barrier, as well as through axonal transport from peripheral nerves. Once in the CNS, flaviviruses cause various neurological symptoms through different mechanisms. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the mechanisms of neuroinvasion and neuropathogenesis of flaviviruses and discusses the potential contributions and timing of each pathway.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alina Siddiqui, Celestine He, Gina Lee, Alex Figueroa, Alexander Slaughter, Jessica Robinson-Papp
Summary: The article summarizes the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of neurological injuries associated with HIV in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. Molecular pathways relevant for possible therapeutic targets or advancements are emphasized. Gaps in knowledge and current challenges in therapeutic design are also discussed.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlo Condello, Alison M. Maxwell, Erika Castillo, Atsushi Aoyagi, Caroline Graff, Martin Ingelsson, Lars Lannfelt, Thomas D. Bird, C. Dirk Keene, William W. Seeley, Daniel P. Perl, Elizabeth Head, Stanley B. Prusiner
Summary: Down syndrome is a common chromosomal disorder caused by abnormalities in chromosome 21. Individuals with Down syndrome are prone to developing dementia similar to Alzheimer's disease. Researchers found that both A beta and tau prions, which are associated with Alzheimer's disease, are present in the brains of individuals with Down syndrome. The levels of these prions increase with age in Down syndrome brains, while they decrease with age in Alzheimer's disease brains.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John M. Barbaro, Simone Sidoli, Ana Maria Cuervo, Joan W. Berman
Summary: HIV-NCI is a debilitating condition that affects people with HIV, and the use of methamphetamine can worsen the neurocognitive impairment. Meth inhibits phagocytosis and dysregulates autophagy in HIV-infected macrophages, leading to increased neurotoxicity. Despite the limited effects of commonly used ART drugs, targeting differentially expressed proteins may provide new intervention strategies for improving neurocognition in HIV-NCI patients using meth.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Nail Benallegue, Hania Kebir, Richa Kapoor, Alexis Crockett, Cen Li, Lara Cheslow, Mohamed S. Abdel-Hakeem, James Gesualdi, Miles C. Miller, E. John Wherry, Molly E. Church, M. Andres Blanco, Jorge Alvarez
Summary: The study reveals the previously unrecognized role of the endogenous hedgehog signaling pathway in regulating pathogenic inflammation within the central nervous system. By targeting CD4 T cells and modulating the production of inflammatory cytokines, the hedgehog pathway shows potential as a therapeutic strategy to limit the progression of ongoing neuroinflammation. Systemic administration of a hedgehog agonist after disease onset effectively halts disease progression and reduces neuroinflammation and associated neuropathology.
Review
Immunology
Thamil Vaani Komarasamy, Nur Amelia Azreen Adnan, William James, Vinod R. M. T. Balasubramaniam
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role and mechanisms of Zika virus in the brain, including the study of target cells, cellular and molecular mechanisms. By analyzing the modulation of different host factors and the role of immune response and inflammatory process, a comprehensive understanding of Zika virus-induced neuroimmunopathogenesis is achieved.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saravanan Gunaseelan, Mohammed Zacky Ariffin, Sanjay Khanna, Mong How Ooi, David Perera, Justin Jang Hann Chu, John Jia En Chua
Summary: Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) caused by Human Enterovirus A71 (HEVA71) infection is typically benign, but can lead to severe neuropathology and even fatality in some cases. Research shows that infected astrocytes release CXCL1, activating neuronal CXCR2 to cause neuropathogenesis in HEVA71-infected individuals. Studies suggest that targeting the CXCL1-CXCR2 signaling pathway could be a potential treatment against HFMD neurologic complications.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Victoria E. K. Walker-Sperling, Noe B. Mercado, Abishek Chandrashekar, Erica N. Borducchi, Jinyan Liu, Joseph P. Nkolola, Mark Lewis, Jeffrey P. Murry, Yunling Yang, Romas Geleziunas, Merlin L. Robb, Nelson L. Michael, Maria G. Pau, Frank Wegmann, Hanneke Schuitemaker, Emily J. Fray, Mithra R. Kumar, Janet D. Siliciano, Robert F. Siliciano, Dan H. Barouch
Summary: This study suggests that combining active and passive immunization may have the potential in curing HIV-1. In SHIV-infected rhesus macaques, a combination of therapeutic vaccination and antibody administration with vesatolimod resulted in 70% post-ART virologic control.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Justas V. Rodarte, Carly Baehr, Dustin Hicks, Tyler L. Liban, Connor Weidle, Peter B. Rupert, Rajwana Jahan, Abigail Wall, Andrew T. McGuire, Roland K. Strong, Scott Runyon, Marco Pravetoni, Marie Pancera
Summary: Given the epidemic proportions of opioid-related fatal overdoses, it is crucial to expedite the development of new treatment approaches. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) provide a promising strategy by targeting and sequestering opioids in the bloodstream, preventing their distribution to the brain and reversing toxicity. Through X-ray crystallography, the structures of mAbs bound to their respective targets were solved, revealing a critical hydrogen bonding mechanism that involves a glutamic acid residue in the mAbs' heavy chain and a tertiary amine of the ligand. This characterization of drug-mAb complexes is a significant advancement in rational antibody engineering and future clinical evaluation.
Article
Neurosciences
Ernest T. Chivero, Annadurai Thangaraj, Ashutosh Tripathi, Palsamy Periyasamy, Ming-Lei Guo, Shilpa Buch
Summary: Cocaine induces microglial activation through the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, leading to neuroinflammation. Inhibition of ROS and NLRP3 can attenuate cocaine-induced NLRP3 activation and microglial activation. NLRP3 may be a potential therapeutic target for alleviating cocaine-induced neuroinflammation.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Maryline Santerre, Sterling P. Arjona, Charles Ns Allen, Shannon Callen, Shilpa Buch, Bassel E. Sawaya
Summary: Despite the efficacy of cART, a significant percentage of long-term HIV/AIDS patients still experience cognitive and motor disorders. SNCA aggregation in older HIV+ adults may indicate an increased risk of neurodegenerative disease. HIV-1 Vpr protein-induced inhibition of neuronal autophagy leads to toxic protein aggregation and neurodegeneration.
Correction
Psychology, Clinical
Jonathan Savitz, Bart N. Ford, Hung-Wen Yeh, Elisabeth Akeman, Kelly Cosgrove, Ashley N. Clausen, Christopher Martell, Namik Kirlic, Jessica Santiago, T. Kent Teague, Michael R. Irwin, Martin P. Paulus, Robin L. Aupperle
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Namik Kirlic, Elisabeth Akeman, Danielle C. DeVille, Hung-Wen Yeh, Kelly T. Cosgrove, Timothy J. McDermott, James Touthang, Ashley Clausen, Martin P. Paulus, Robin L. Aupperle
Summary: The objective of this study was to identify stable and reliable factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in college students. The findings revealed that depression severity, social isolation, meaning and purpose in life, and positive affect were the most important contributing factors. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in suicidal thoughts and behaviors by the end of the academic year.
JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH
(2023)
Letter
Allergy
Sean Stout, Helen Murphy, Aarti Pandya, Hung-Wen Yeh, Jay Portnoy
ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Martin P. Paulus, Rayus Kuplicki, Teresa A. Victor, Hung-Wen Yeh, Sahib S. Khalsa
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of pairing the acute positive reinforcing effect drug MPH with the standard antidepressant escitalopram on medication adherence. The results showed that MPH did not lead to higher adherence rates compared to placebo, and both groups demonstrated significant treatment effects on depression outcomes.
Article
Pediatrics
Alison L. Fowler, Megan E. Mann, Francisco J. Martinez, Hung-Wen Yeh, John D. Cowden
Summary: The survey found that many Hispanic parents believe in folk illnesses and use cultural remedies to treat their children, but only a small percentage have discussed these practices with their child's healthcare provider. Demographic factors do not predict the use of cultural remedies by Hispanic parents.
CLINICAL PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Heekyeong Park, Katherine L. Forthman, Rayus Kuplicki, Teresa A. Victor, Hung-Wen Yeh, Wesley K. Thompson, Martin P. Paulus
Summary: The study found that higher genetic loading for neuroticism is associated with attenuated anticipatory responsiveness in reward/punishment processing, with altered sensitivity to valences. This may limit the influence of positive and negative outcomes on mood states, contributing to affective dysfunctions in individuals with mood, anxiety, and addictive disorders.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ernest T. Chivero, Susmita Sil, Seema Singh, Annadurai Thangaraj, Lila Gordon, Grace B. Evah-Nzoughe, Natasha Ferguson, Shannon Callen, Shilpa Buch
Summary: The study found that the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus has a protective effect against cocaine-induced oxidative stress, glial activation, and locomotion in mice. Administration of L. rhamnosus attenuated gut oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as glial activation and locomotion induced by cocaine. These results suggest the potential of microbial-based interventions in reducing cocaine-mediated behavioral responses and neuroinflammation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Robin P. Shook, Hung-Wen Yeh, Gregory J. Welk, Ann M. Davis, Daniel Ries
Summary: This study evaluated the validity, repeatability, and measurement error of consumer devices when estimating energy balance in free-living adults. Results showed that estimates of energy expenditure were relatively accurate, while estimates of energy storage were poor.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Natalie S. Shwaish, Lindsey Malloy-Walton, Keith Feldman, Kelli M. Teson, Jessica S. Watson, Hung-Wen Yeh, David A. White
Summary: This study compared the HRR patterns in children and adolescents with repaired acyanotic CHD (raCHD) and those without CHD. The results suggest that HRR in pediatric raCHD patients should not vary significantly from their healthy peers, and an attenuated HRR may not be directly attributed to underlying raCHD.
PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Vijaya R. Dasari, Steven M. Shapiro, Hung-Wen Yeh, Rose Gelineau-Morel
Summary: The KSD-TK is a reliable screening tool for predicting Kernicterus Spectrum Disorders, with high sensitivity and specificity in determining the likelihood of KSDs. Abnormal auditory processing, exam findings, and MRI results were the most specific indicators for the diagnosis of KSDs.
PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
John D. D. Lantos, Hung-Wen Yeh, Fajar Raza, Mark Connelly, Kathy Goggin, Shayla A. A. Sullivant
Summary: During the early months of the pandemic, rates of suicidal ideation among adolescent patients rose. Rates of screening and of positive screens were lower in telehealth visits.
Article
Neurosciences
Sahib S. Khalsa, Teresa A. Victor, Rayus Kuplicki, Hung-Wen Yeh, Kimberly E. Vanover, Martin P. Paulus, Robert E. Davis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a PDE1 inhibitor called lenrispodun on healthy volunteers using behavioral and neuroimaging approaches. The results showed that lenrispodun selectively improved neural inhibitory control without altering fear extinction processing. Further research is needed to explore the application of lenrispodun in target populations such as individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Health Policy & Services
Shayla Sullivant, Hung-Wen Yeh, Alexandra Hartwig, Mark Connelly
Summary: This study investigated the impact of an education program on safe storage practices for lethal means among parents. The results showed that education combined with tools for behavior change motivated parents to enact safe storage measures.
JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
(2022)