Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Minlei Dong, Ping Li, Jun Luo, Binxin Chen, Huidi Jiang
Summary: PHT1 and PHT2 are two solute carrier family 15A proteins in mammals that transport histidine and some di/tripeptides across the membrane via a proton gradient. They are distributed in various tissues but are mainly expressed in immune cells and localized to lysosome-related organelles. The relationship between PHT1/PHT2 and immune diseases has been reported.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huiling Gao, Tian Wang, Yanting Zhang, Lili Li, Chuanqing Wang, Shiyuan Guo, Tianqi Zhang, Cun Wang
Summary: The study found that under phosphate-deficient conditions, the ROP6 protein is rapidly degraded through the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway, leading to an obvious inhibition of its activity. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that ROP6 physically interacts with and inhibits the key phosphate uptake transporters PHT1;1 and PHT1;4.
JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shu Liu, Abdel Abdellaoui, Karin J. H. Verweij, Guido A. van Wingen
Summary: This study investigates the impact of gene expression on brain structural and functional abnormalities in MDD. By comparing gray matter volume and resting-state functional measures in a Chinese sample, the study finds that whole gene expression is positively associated with structural abnormalities while negatively associated with functional abnormalities. Furthermore, the study identifies individual genes with opposite relationships between expression levels and brain abnormalities in MDD patients. The MDD-related genes are enriched in brain tissue, cortical cells, and biological pathways.
Article
Neurosciences
Hoi Yan Gladys Lau, Alex Fornito, Ben D. Fulcher
Summary: The study of spatial embedding of transcription patterns in mouse brain development reveals that transcriptional similarity decreases exponentially with separation distance, following a power-law relationship with brain size. This indicates a balance between local molecular similarity and longer-range diversity in the developing mouse brain. Extrapolating this relationship to the human cortex yields a prediction consistent with actual data.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bo-Yong Park, Casey Paquola, Richard A. Bethlehem, Oualid Benkarim, Bratislav Misic, Jonathan Smallwood, Edward T. Bullmore, Boris C. Bernhardt
Summary: This study analyzed the development of structural and functional brain networks in adolescents and found that multiple corticocortical structural networks continue to differentiate in youth. Regions with more similar structural wiring were more likely to be functionally coupled. Additionally, increased structural differentiation was associated with reduced functional interactions, illustrating the interaction between brain structure and function in adolescent development.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Fuqing Jiang, Xin Zhou, Yingying Qian, Miao Zhu, Li Wang, Zhuxia Li, Qingmei Shen, Minhan Wang, Fangfang Qu, Guizhong Cui, Kai Chen, Guangdun Peng
Summary: The study describes a microfluidic indexing-based spatial assay (MISAR-seq) that combines spatial-ATAC-seq and RNA-seq to simultaneously profile chromatin accessibility and gene expression in the developing mouse brain. This method provides insights into tissue organization and spatiotemporal regulatory logics during brain development.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yu Zhang, Lin-Feng Wang, Shu-Yue Han, Feng Ren, Wen-Cheng Liu
Summary: The study identifies SNX1 as a key modulator of the plant response to low Pi and unravels its role in regulating PHT1;1 protein stability, PHT1;1 accumulation at the plasma membrane, and root Pi uptake.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yaqi Shen, Qing Ye, Zheng Wu, Wenxiang Jiang, Lianhong Wang, Qiuyun Zhang, Jialin Liu, Dandan Guo, Xiafei Hu, Zelin Zhang, Xiaoqing Wang, Haohua He, Lifang Hu
Summary: This study focused on identifying and characterizing the OsCAT2 gene in rice, which plays a crucial role in antioxidant defense. Expression analysis revealed its tissue-specific expression pattern and regulation under abiotic stresses. Functional studies showed that OsCAT2 is involved in H2O2 scavenging. CRISPR gene-edited plants with disrupted OsCAT2 showed altered growth and development, including increased tillering, leaf abnormalities, and partial male sterility. Transcriptomic analysis suggested that OsCAT2 influences multiple biological processes, including ion transport, plant-pathogen interactions, and photosynthesis.
PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yajun Xie, Aaron T. Kuan, Wengang Wang, Zachary T. Herbert, Olivia Mosto, Olubusola Olukoya, Manal Adam, Steve Vu, Minsu Kim, Diana Tran, Nicolas Gomez, Claire Charpentier, Ingie Sorour, Tiara E. Lacey, Michael Y. Tolstorukov, Bernardo L. Sabatini, Wei-Chung Allen Lee, Corey C. Harwell
Summary: Neuron-glia interactions, particularly through the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, play a crucial role in coordinating synaptic connectivity in the cortex. Shh signaling in cortical astrocytes regulates synaptic development, astrocyte morphology, and excitatory synapse formation, ultimately shaping circuit assembly and function during development. Loss of Shh in layer V neurons affects astrocyte complexity and synaptic coverage, while activation of Shh signaling in astrocytes promotes cortical synapse formation.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah E. Costello, Eveline Geiser, Nora Schneider
Summary: Executive functions are a set of higher-order cognitive processes that control and organize information for goal-directed behaviors. Research demonstrates that skills in executive functioning develop throughout childhood and adolescence and are predictive of academic achievement. Nutritional factors, including diet, play a significant role in impacting the neurodevelopmental processes that underlie executive function performance in school-aged children.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinglong Zhang, Yixin Shen, Wei Chen, Binqiang Bai, Xiaomin Ji, Yingjun Chi
Summary: Sorghum has a strong capability of phosphorus uptake, thanks to its high-affinity phosphate transporter 1 (Pht1). Nine out of eleven SbPht1 genes in sorghum roots or shoots are induced in response to phosphorus deficiency. These SbPht1 proteins are localized on the cell membrane, with SbPht1;8 also detected in the endoplasmic reticulum. SbPht1;5, SbPht1;6, and SbPht1;8 are high-affinity phosphate transporters, with SbPht1;5 specifically involved in root phosphorus uptake and SbPht1;6 and SbPht1;8 playing key roles in both phosphorus uptake and transport in response to low phosphorus stress in sorghum.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew T. Schmitz, Kadellyn Sandoval, Christopher P. Chen, Mohammed A. Mostajo-Radji, William W. Seeley, Tomasz J. Nowakowski, Chun Jimmie Ye, Mercedes F. Paredes, Alex A. Pollen
Summary: This study investigates the gene expression trajectories of inhibitory neurons (INs) in primates and mice during neurogenic period. Researchers find that while the initial classes of INs generated prenatally are largely conserved among mammals, there are contrasting developmental mechanisms for specifying evolutionarily novel cell types during prenatal development.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vidya Rajagopalan, William T. Reynolds, Jeremy Zepeda, Jeraldine Lopez, Skorn Ponrartana, John Wood, Rafael Ceschin, Ashok Panigrahy
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between maternal stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic and fetal brain development. The results show that increased maternal perception of pandemic-related stress is associated with increased fetal brainstem volume and reduced global fetal brain functional connectivity. These findings suggest that maternal stress during the pandemic may affect fetal neurodevelopment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jie Zheng, Min Xu, Venexia Walker, Jinqiu Yuan, Roxanna Korologou-Linden, Jamie Robinson, Peiyuan Huang, Stephen Burgess, Shiu Lun Au Yeung, Shan Luo, Michael Holmes, George Davey Smith, Guang Ning, Weiqing Wang, Tom R. Gaunt, Yufang Bi
Summary: This study suggests that the use of metformin may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease in the general population. Mitochondrial function and the NDUFA2 gene are potential mechanisms underlying this protective effect.
Article
Neurosciences
Francesca Vacca, Ana S. Gomes, Koji Murashita, Raffella Cinquetti, Cristina Roseti, Amilcare Barca, Ivar Ronnestad, Tiziano Verri, Elena Bossi
Summary: Two slc15a2-type genes were identified in the Atlantic salmon genome, encoding PepT2-type peptide transporters. While slc15a2a transcripts are widely distributed in fish tissues, abundant in the brain and gills, slc15a2b transcripts are mainly expressed in the kidney and distal gastrointestinal tract. Both PepT2a and PepT2b function as high-affinity transporters.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Fenghui Ye, Yingfeng Wan, Sravanthi Koduri, Katherine G. Holste, Richard F. Keep, Ya Hua, Guohua Xi
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chaoyi Bian, Yingfeng Wan, Sravanthi Koduri, Ya Hua, Richard F. Keep, Guohua Xi
Summary: This study found that intraventricular iron injection in rats led to hydrocephalus and increased stromal macrophage number. Treatment with minocycline or clodronate liposomes improved iron-induced hydrocephalus and reduced the increase in stromal macrophages.
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yingfeng Wan, Katherine G. Holste, Ya Hua, Richard F. Keep, Guohua Xi
Summary: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is responsible for 10% of strokes in the USA, resulting in significant disability and mortality. It causes primary brain injury due to mechanical disruption and secondary injury through the release of clot-derived factors. ICH leads to brain edema and increased intracranial pressure, affecting patient prognosis. Currently, effective treatment methods for reducing perihematomal cerebral edema and intracranial pressure are limited. This review explores the mechanisms of edema formation, the influence of sex and age, and the progress in pharmacotherapy for ICH.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fenghui Ye, Jinting Yang, Katherine G. Holste, Sravanthi Koduri, Ya Hua, Richard F. Keep, Hugh J. L. Garton, Guohua Xi
Summary: Both monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and brain resident microglia contribute to hematoma resolution after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). In this study, transgenic mice with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) labeled microglia were used to observe changes in MDMs and microglia after ICH. The results showed that MDMs entered the brain and formed a peri-hematoma cell layer by day 3 after ICH, and CD47 blocking antibody increased the number of MDMs around and inside the hematoma. These findings suggest that MDMs play an important role in phagocytosis after ICH and modulation of MDMs could be a potential therapeutic target.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Yejie Shi, Richard F. Keep
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jianming Xiang, Richard F. Keep
Summary: This mini-review provides an overview of the role of the solute carrier 15 (SLC15) family of proton-coupled oligopeptide transporters (POTs) in the brain, with a focus on Pept2 (Slc15A2) and PhT1 (Slc15A4). These transporters play a crucial role in the transport of di- and tripeptides, peptidomimetics, and drugs in the brain. The review highlights the pioneering work of David E. Smith in elucidating the impact of PepT2 at the choroid plexus and brain parenchymal cells, and discusses recent findings and future directions in brain POT research, including localization, regulatory pathways, transporter structure, species differences, and disease states.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Anuska V. Andjelkovic, Muyu Situ, Ali Francisco Citalan-Madrid, Svetlana M. Stamatovic, Jianming Xiang, Richard F. Keep
Summary: Cerebral endothelial cells and their tight junctions form the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a unique, dynamic, and multi-functional interface. This review focuses on the changes in BBB and the neurovascular unit in normal aging and neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Alzheimer's disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and vascular dementia. Evidence suggests that BBB dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration. The mechanisms underlying BBB dysfunction and its potential as a therapeutic target, including enhancing drug delivery, clearance of neurotoxic compounds, and preventing BBB dysfunction, are discussed. The need for novel biomarkers of BBB dysfunction is also addressed.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Richard F. Keep, Lester R. Drewes
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Richard F. Keep, Hazel C. Jones, Mark G. Hamilton, Lester R. Drewes
Summary: The aim of this editorial is to highlight the advancements in brain barrier and brain fluid research in 2022. It encompasses studies on blood-brain, blood-retina, and blood-CSF barriers (choroid plexus and meninges), as well as the signaling within the neurovascular unit and elements of the brain fluid systems. Furthermore, it discusses the impact of brain barriers and brain fluid systems on CNS diseases, their role in disease progression, and the progress being made in treating such diseases.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Chelsea M. Phillips, Svetlana M. Stamatovic, Richard F. Keep, Anuska V. Andjelkovic
Summary: This study examined the epigenetic and transcriptional profile of cerebral microvessels after stroke, revealing the role of DNA methylation in regulating blood-brain barrier (BBB) repair.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Richard F. Keep, Hazel C. Jones, Lester R. Drewes
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Fenghui Ye, Richard F. Keep, Ya Hua, Hugh J. L. Garton, Guohua Xi
Summary: This article discusses the role of the glymphatic system in posthemorrhagic brain injury, especially posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jianming Xiang, Ya Hua, Guohua Xi, Richard F. Keep
Summary: This review evaluates the movement of fluid from blood to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and discusses the impact of ion transport in the choroid plexus (CP) epithelium and cerebral vasculature on fluid flow. It also addresses the potential targets for modulating CP fluid secretion, NKCC1 and TRPV4. Furthermore, it highlights the dynamic changes in fluid secretion and their role in the controversies over the CP's involvement in brain fluid secretion.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Momodou G. Bah, Katherine G. Holste, Guohua Xi, Richard F. Keep
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Sara Diana Lolansen, Dagne Barbuskaite, Fenghui Ye, Jianming Xiang, Richard F. Keep, Nanna MacAulay
Summary: This study elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of hydrocephalus in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), and found that it is not associated with elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) and does not require increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) secretion or inefficient CSF drainage. This type of hydrocephalus is not life-threatening and occurs due to unknown disturbances in CSF dynamics.
FLUIDS AND BARRIERS OF THE CNS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pei-Yang Gao, Ya-Nan Ou, Yi-Ming Huang, Zhi-Bo Wang, Yan Fu, Ya-Hui Ma, Qiong-Yao Li, Li-Yun Ma, Rui-Ping Cui, Yin-Chu Mi, Lan Tan, Jin-Tai Yu
Summary: Liver function may play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The study found that as AD progressed, certain liver function markers increased while others decreased. The relationship between liver function and CSF AD biomarkers indicates a potential mediation effect on cognition.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2024)