Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Archana Arjunan, Dhiraj Kumar Sah, Young Do Jung, Juhyun Song
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a severe metabolic syndrome associated with liver disorders, with limited treatment options available. The disease is a neuropsychiatric complication linked with cognitive decline, coma, and death, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Melatonin, as the sole endogenous hormone related to HE, has neuroprotective effects by crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Article
Cell Biology
Jeeyoung Lee, Soumyadeep Dey, Praveen K. Rajvanshi, Randall K. Merling, Ruifeng Teng, Heather M. Rogers, Constance T. Noguchi
Summary: Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced in the kidney in response to hypoxia and is essential for red blood cell production. In addition to its role in erythropoiesis, EPO also increases the production of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in non-erythroid tissue, which improves oxygen delivery. This study found that during erythroid differentiation, EPO induces neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and that nNOS is required for a normal erythropoietic response.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Mohammad Amin Sadeghi, Sara Hemmati, Ehsan Nassireslami, Mojtaba Yousefi Zoshk, Yasaman Hosseini, Kourosh Abbasian, Mohsen Chamanara
Summary: Current pharmacological approaches for PTSD lack effectiveness, so new molecular targets are needed. Fear learning and memory in PTSD occur in different stages, involving different cellular pathways and brain regions. Targeting the NMDAR receptor has side effects, so targeting downstream signaling proteins like nNOS may be a solution. Modulating nNOS shows therapeutic potential for PTSD.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Elena Kosenko, Lyudmila Tikhonova, Gubidat Alilova, Carmina Montoliu
Summary: This study found that increased levels of ammonia in erythrocytes and mitochondria isolated from the liver, pancreas, and heart of hyperammonemic rats caused tissue-specific oxidative stress. This stress can be completely or partially prevented by blocking the NMDAR. These results indicate that the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy is multifactorial, and ammonia-induced multiorgan oxidative stress mediated by NMDAR activation is an integral part of the disease. The toxic effects of ammonia in hepatic encephalopathy may be more widespread than initially expected.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea Ricci, Elena Di Pierro, Matteo Marcacci, Paolo Ventura
Summary: Porphyrias are a group of diseases caused by enzymatic impairment in heme biosynthesis, with different types and clinical presentations. Acute hepatic porphyrias present life-threatening neuro-visceral crises triggered by external factors, leading to increased metabolic demand for heme. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the mechanism of neuronal damage in AHPs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kundan Solanki, Sajjan Rajpoot, Evgeny E. Bezsonov, Alexander N. Orekhov, Rohit Saluja, Anita Wary, Cassondra Axen, Kishore Wary, Mirza S. Baig
Summary: This article discusses the importance of nitric oxide synthases 1 (NOS1) and its byproduct nitric oxide (NO) in different tissues and diseases, highlighting the significance of understanding NOS1-derived NO signaling and identification of NO-metabolites for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jie Zhang, Ximing Wang, Yu Cui, Shan Jiang, Jin Wei, Jenna Chan, Anish Thalakola, Thanh Le, Lan Xu, Liang Zhao, Lei Wang, Kun Jiang, Feng Cheng, Trushar Patel, Jacentha Buggs, Volker Vallon, Ruisheng Liu
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of hypertension in patients with diabetes and suggests that in early diabetes, upregulation of NOS1 in the macula densa plays a role in inhibiting TGF and increasing glomerular filtration rate, which helps in maintaining normal blood pressure.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kevin O'Gallagher, Francesca Puledda, Owen O'Daly, Matthew Ryan, Luke Dancy, Philip J. Chowienczyk, Fernando Zelaya, Peter J. Goadsby, Ajay M. Shah
Summary: This study reveals the fundamental physiological role of nNOS in regulating cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity in the human hippocampus.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ping Wang, Fan-Zhi Kong, Xiao-Hong Hong, Li Zhang, Wan-Hong Zhao, Jin-Cui Yang, Heng Zhang
Summary: A high shortening diet may contribute to obesity and depressive behaviors, which are regulated by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS).
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Somy Yoon, Mira Kim, Hangyeol Lee, Gaeun Kang, Kenneth Bedi, Kenneth B. Margulies, Rajan Jain, Kwang-Il Nam, Hyun Kook, Gwang Hyeon Eom
Summary: The study reveals that neuronal nitric oxide synthase induces diastolic dysfunction by S-nitrosylation of HDAC2, suggesting a new therapeutic platform for refractory heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amir Asgari, Paul Jurasz
Summary: Megakaryocytes are important members of the hematopoietic system, responsible for regulating vascular homeostasis through platelets. The process of megakaryopoiesis generates mature megakaryocytes which release proplatelets into blood vessels. Nitric oxide (NO) plays a modulatory role in hematopoiesis and hemostasis. This review summarizes the effect of NO and its signaling on megakaryopoiesis and thrombopoiesis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Ilhuicamina Daniel Limon, Isael Angulo-Cruz, Lesli Sanchez-Abdon, Aleidy Patricio-Martinez
Summary: Glutamate plays vital functions in the nervous system, but changes in glutamatergic neurotransmission caused by hyperammonemia and hepatic failure may lead to hepatic encephalopathy. This condition affects learning, memory, and neuronal communication.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Huihui Hu, Houde Jiang, Kexin Zhang, Zaijun Zhang, Yuqiang Wang, Peng Yi, Gaoxiao Zhang, Yewei Sun
Summary: The novel compound MN-08 has shown protective effects against LPS-induced sepsis and lung injury in mice. It improves systemic inflammatory response and immune dysfunction, and reduces pulmonary injury and inflammatory infiltration. Furthermore, MN-08's therapeutic benefit for sepsis is greater than that of memantine and dexamethasone.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaihui Lu
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by metabolic disorders in the liver. It is characterized by hyperammonemia, EEG abnormalities, and disturbances in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions. The main mechanisms of HE include ammonia poisoning, oxidative/nitrosative stress, manganese toxicity, autophagy inhibition, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and senescence.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Arjun Pendharkar, Daniel Smerin, Lorenzo Gonzalez, Eric H. Wang, Sabrina Levy, Stephanie Wang, Shunsuke Ishizaka, Masaki Ito, Haruto Uchino, Terrance Chiang, Michelle Y. Cheng, Gary K. Steinberg
Summary: Post-stroke optogenetic stimulation and systemic nNOS inhibition both lead to functional improvements after stroke, suggesting a potentially maladaptive role of nNOS in post-stroke recovery.
TRANSLATIONAL STROKE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Paula Izquierdo-Altarejos, Andrea Cabrera-Pastor, Mar Martinez-Garcia, Carlos Sanchez-Huertas, Alberto Hernandez, Victoria Moreno-Manzano, Vicente Felipo
Summary: Chronic hyperammonemia leads to neuroinflammation, causing cognitive impairment. Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells can reduce neuroinflammation. In this study, it was found that treatment with these vesicles restores cognitive function in hyperammonemic rats and the underlying mechanism involves TGF beta signaling.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorena Olivares-Gonzalez, Sheyla Velasco, Idoia Gallego, Marina Esteban-Medina, Gustavo Puras, Carlos Loucera, Alicia Martinez-Romero, Maria Pena-Chilet, Jose Luis Pedraz, Regina Rodrigo
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of an essential fatty acid (EFA) supplement containing specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) on retinal degeneration and microglia activation in a mouse model of RP. The EFA supplement improved retinal function, reduced inflammation and microglia activation, and reduced oxidative stress markers. These findings suggest that oral supplementation with SPMs such as the EFA supplement could be a potential therapeutic approach for resolving inflammation in RP.
Article
Nursing
Vanessa Ibanez-del Valle, Maria Luisa Ballestar-Tarin, Mayra Alejandra Mafla-Espana, Omar Cauli, Rut Navarro-Martinez
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between insomnia and salivary IL-1 beta concentration in older individuals. It found a significant inverse correlation between IL-1 beta levels and insomnia symptoms. Factors such as depression, use of hypnotics, intake of caffeinated beverages, smoking, and alcohol use were also associated with insomnia in this population.
BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH FOR NURSING
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paula Izquierdo-Altarejos, Mar Martinez-Garcia, Vicente Felipo
Summary: Patients with liver cirrhosis may experience cognitive impairment due to hyperammonemia and peripheral inflammation, which can also be replicated in rats with chronic hyperammonemia. Neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, caused by peripheral inflammation, alters neurotransmission and leads to cognitive impairment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from peripheral blood are believed to play a role in transmitting these peripheral alterations to the brain.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Paola Leone, Yaiza M. Arenas, Tiziano Balzano, Gergana Mincheva, Mar Martinez-Garcia, Carmina Montoliu, Marta Llansola, Vicente Felipo
Summary: This study investigated the presence of neuroinflammation, apoptosis, and neuronal loss in the hippocampus of patients with liver cirrhosis and steatohepatitis. The results showed that patients with steatohepatitis exhibited glial activation, immune cell infiltration, apoptosis, and neuronal loss, while cirrhotic patients only showed glial activation and neuronal loss. These findings may explain the irreversible cognitive impairments observed in hepatic encephalopathy.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yaiza M. Arenas, Vicente Felipo
Summary: Chronic hyperammonemia is a major cause of cognitive and motor impairment in hepatic encephalopathy patients. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism involving BDNF, TrkB, NF-kappa B, and various proteins in hyperammonemic rats. The results showed that increased BDNF levels enhanced TrkB activation, leading to PI3K-AKT-NF-kappa B pathway activation and increased content of glutaminase I, HMGB1, and TNF alpha. Blocking TrkB, PI3K, or components of the TNFR1-S1PR2-CCR2-BDNF-TrkB pathway reversed these changes. This TrkB-PI3K-AKT-NF-kappa B pathway activation may contribute to Purkinje neuron dysfunction and motor impairment in hyperammonemic rats and cirrhotic patients with hepatic encephalopathy.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Mar Sempere-Bigorra, Lorenzo Brognara, Ivan Julian-Rochina, Antonio Mazzotti, Omar Cauli
Summary: This study explores the potential usefulness of gait analysis parameters using a single sensor unit to detect peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients with diabetic foot. The study finds significant correlations between impaired deep sensory pathways and gait impairments in diabetic patients, as well as significant correlations between all gait parameters and the superficial sensory pathway. The findings suggest that inertial sensors could be a useful tool for diagnosing gait alterations and evaluating treatment effects in diabetic patients to improve gait and reduce the risk of falls.
INTERNATIONAL WOUND JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mayra Alejandra Mafla-Espana, Maria Dolores Torregrosa, Omar Cauli
Summary: Most elderly patients with metastatic prostate cancer should undergo a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) to identify frailty syndrome, which is crucial for clinical decisions. Frailty is associated with lower quality of life and can affect the feasibility and side effects of treatments. Evaluation of frailty syndrome should be considered in clinical decision-making and when selecting the most appropriate active treatment for increased survival.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mayra Alejandra Mafla-Espana, Maria Dolores Torregrosa, Manel Beamud-Cortes, Lorena Bermell-Marco, Jose Rubio-Briones, Omar Cauli
Summary: Prostate cancer is highly prevalent in males and is associated with frailty symptoms, including decreased gait speed and muscle strength, and increased insomnia symptoms, in patients undergoing androgen-deprivation therapy. Interventions should be implemented to address these issues and improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Cristina Buigues, Olga Theou, Rosa Fonfria-Vivas, Francisco M. Martinez-Arnau, Kenneth Rockwood, Omar Cauli
Summary: Sarcopenia and frailty are common age-related conditions. This study investigated whether supplementation of leucine, an essential amino acid, could reduce frailty in older institutionalized individuals. The results showed that leucine did not significantly modify the frailty index in this population.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Vanessa Ibanez-del Valle, Rut Navarro-Martinez, Omar Cauli
Summary: With university admission, there are major changes in students' daily habits that can lead to mental health problems. Adherence to a healthy diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, can be very beneficial for mental health. This study found that poor adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with depressive symptoms among Spanish nursing students, highlighting the importance of prevention programs focused on health and mental health issues in universities.
Article
Biology
Mar Sempere-Bigorra, Ivan Julian-Rochina, Pilar Perez-Ros, Emmanuel Navarro-Flores, Francisco Miguel Martinez-Arnau, Omar Cauli
Summary: Aging and diabetes both contribute to neurological damage, and this study explores the relationships between peripheral sensory system decline and cognitive functions, symptoms of depression, and quality of life in older adults. The findings suggest that superficial sensitivity damage is related to cognitive impairment, while deep sensation alterations are related to depression and poor quality of life, with diabetes further strengthening these relationships.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mayra Alejandra Mafla-Espana, Maria Dolores Torregrosa, Manel Beamud-Cortes, Lorena Bermell-Marco, Jose Rubio-Briones, Omar Cauli
Summary: This study investigated the association between blood androgen concentrations and functional status and psychological alterations in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy. The results showed a significant correlation between high concentrations of androstenedione and frailty syndrome, as well as a relationship between androstenedione levels and decreased gait speed.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yaiza M. Arenas, Paula Izquierdo-Altarejos, Mar Martinez-Garcia, Carla Gimenez-Garzo, Gergana Mincheva, Magnus Doverskog, David E. J. Jones, Tiziano Balzano, Marta Llansola, Vicente Felipo
Summary: Golexanolone treatment may have beneficial effects in improving fatigue, motor, and cognitive impairment in patients with the chronic cholestatic liver disease PBC.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Vanessa Ibanez-del Valle, Mayra Alejandra Mafla-Espana, Josep Silva, Omar Cauli, Alessandra Stacchiotti
Summary: Sleep disorders are common in older individuals, especially in those who are institutionalized. They are often comorbid with medical and neuro-psychiatric illnesses and associated with polypharmacy. This study found a significant correlation between salivary IL-6 and sleep parameters, with lower salivary IL-6 levels associated with worse sleep efficiency and more night awakenings. Actigraphy also detected alterations in sleep patterns in individuals with dementia. These results are important for future research and interventions aimed at improving sleep quality in institutionalized individuals.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pei-Yang Gao, Ya-Nan Ou, Yi-Ming Huang, Zhi-Bo Wang, Yan Fu, Ya-Hui Ma, Qiong-Yao Li, Li-Yun Ma, Rui-Ping Cui, Yin-Chu Mi, Lan Tan, Jin-Tai Yu
Summary: Liver function may play a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease. The study found that as AD progressed, certain liver function markers increased while others decreased. The relationship between liver function and CSF AD biomarkers indicates a potential mediation effect on cognition.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2024)