Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tal Sharf, Tjitse van der Molen, Stella M. K. Glasauer, Elmer Guzman, Alessio P. Buccino, Gabriel Luna, Zhuowei Cheng, Morgane Audouard, Kamalini G. Ranasinghe, Kiwamu Kudo, Srikantan S. Nagarajan, Kenneth R. Tovar, Linda R. Petzold, Andreas Hierlemann, Paul K. Hansma, Kenneth S. Kosik
Summary: Brain organoids can replicate the cellular organization found in the developing human brain, and by utilizing microelectronics, functional circuits can be assembled to mirror the complexity of brain networks. This study explores the physiology of neuronal circuits within brain organoids and how they can be influenced by external stimuli. The results suggest that brain organoids have the potential to be used in studying neuropsychiatric diseases, drug action, and the effects of external stimuli on neuronal networks.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michael Wenzel, Gilles Huberfeld, David B. Grayden, Marco de Curtis, Andrew J. Trevelyan
Summary: A critical question in understanding the onset of focal seizures is whether specific cell classes can be identified as drivers of the pathological process. This topic was debated at the recent International Conference for Technology and Analysis of Seizures (ICTALS) meeting in Bern, Switzerland in July 2022, and we provide a summary here. Advances in manipulating subpopulations of cells in relative isolation, particularly through optogenetics, have fueled this debate in recent years. The motivation behind resolving this debate is to identify new targets for therapeutic interventions based on a deeper understanding of the etiology of seizures.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Silvia Tapia-Gonzalez, Javier DeFelipe
Summary: The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution of SCGN-labeled neurons in the frontal and temporal cortices of humans. The results show that SCGN cells are primarily non-pyramidal interneurons and are more frequently observed in layers II, III and IV. The study also reveals the presence of multiple neurochemical subtypes of SCGN cells, which vary in abundance according to cortical area and layer. These findings underscore the regional specialization of cortical neurons and highlight the need for further characterization of SCGN cell subpopulations in the human cerebral cortex.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
R. Chiocchetti, T. Hitrec, F. Giancola, J. Sadeghinezhad, F. Squarcio, G. Galiazzo, E. Piscitiello, M. De Silva, M. Cerri, R. Amici, M. Luppi
Summary: This study found a significant increase in PP-Tau expression in the enteric nervous system of rats during synthetic torpor, particularly in cholinergic neurons, with a significant decrease in the percentage of nitrergic neurons in the ileum. These findings suggest an adaptive response of the ENS to very low core body temperatures.
CELL AND TISSUE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Istvan Mihaly, Timea Molnar, Adam-Jozsef Berki, Reka-Barbara Bod, Karoly Orban-Kis, Zsolt Gall, Tibor Szilagyi
Summary: The study investigated the effects of low-frequency DBS on interneuron cell density in the hippocampus of epileptic rats, showing that DBS did not significantly alter the cell density.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Eunee Lee, Seungjoon Lee, Jae Jin Shin, Woochul Choi, Changuk Chung, Suho Lee, Jihye Kim, Seungmin Ha, Ryunhee Kim, Taesun Yoo, Ye-Eun Yoo, Jisoo Kim, Young Woo Noh, Issac Rhim, Soo Yeon Lee, Woohyun Kim, Taekyung Lee, Hyogeun Shin, Il-Joo Cho, Karl Deisseroth, Sang Jeong Kim, Joo Min Park, Min Whan Jung, Se-Bum Paik, Eunjoon Kim
Summary: The NMDARs and gap junctions in cortical PV interneurons are involved in modulating burst firing, which ultimately affects social behavior.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fang Yuan, Cuiling Zhang, Xianzhu Luo, Xiaokun Shen, Yuezhong Xian
Summary: ATP stimulus-responsive tetrahedral DNA-gated fluorescent covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were developed for estradiol (E2) delivery and controllable release. The fluorescent COFs with an efficient E2 loading showed great potential against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury.
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Jeeyoung Lee, Soumyadeep Dey, Praveen K. Rajvanshi, Randall K. Merling, Ruifeng Teng, Heather M. Rogers, Constance T. Noguchi
Summary: Erythropoietin (EPO) is produced in the kidney in response to hypoxia and is essential for red blood cell production. In addition to its role in erythropoiesis, EPO also increases the production of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in non-erythroid tissue, which improves oxygen delivery. This study found that during erythroid differentiation, EPO induces neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and that nNOS is required for a normal erythropoietic response.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Yuan-ting Wu, Hannah C. Bennett, Uree Chon, Daniel J. Vanselow, Qingguang Zhang, Rodrigo Munoz-Castarieda, Keith C. Cheng, Pavel Osten, Patrick J. Drew, Yongsoo Kim
Summary: This study comprehensively defines the relationships between the cerebrovasculature, capillary pericytes, and different neuronal cell types using mapping methods. The results show regional variations in vasculature and pericyte densities, which correlate with energy-demanding neuronal subtypes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cecilia Szekeres-Paraczky, Peter Szocsics, Lorand Eross, Daniel Fabo, Laszlo Mod, Zsofia Magloczky
Summary: Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common cause of drug-resistant epilepsy, and its onset may be related to abnormalities in the perisomatic inhibitory system. In this study, the input properties of abnormal giant cells and control cells were examined in FCD patients. The results showed that the perisomatic inhibitory inputs of giant cells were significantly more abundant compared to control cells. It suggests that the reorganization of the perisomatic inhibitory system may increase the probability of seizure activity in FCD patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kevin O'Gallagher, Francesca Puledda, Owen O'Daly, Matthew Ryan, Luke Dancy, Philip J. Chowienczyk, Fernando Zelaya, Peter J. Goadsby, Ajay M. Shah
Summary: This study reveals the fundamental physiological role of nNOS in regulating cerebral blood flow and functional connectivity in the human hippocampus.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kundan Solanki, Sajjan Rajpoot, Evgeny E. Bezsonov, Alexander N. Orekhov, Rohit Saluja, Anita Wary, Cassondra Axen, Kishore Wary, Mirza S. Baig
Summary: This article discusses the importance of nitric oxide synthases 1 (NOS1) and its byproduct nitric oxide (NO) in different tissues and diseases, highlighting the significance of understanding NOS1-derived NO signaling and identification of NO-metabolites for disease diagnosis and prognosis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ping Wang, Fan-Zhi Kong, Xiao-Hong Hong, Li Zhang, Wan-Hong Zhao, Jin-Cui Yang, Heng Zhang
Summary: A high shortening diet may contribute to obesity and depressive behaviors, which are regulated by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS).
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tae-Kyeong Lee, Myoung Cheol Shin, Ji Hyeon Ahn, Dae Won Kim, Bora Kim, Hyejin Sim, Jae-Chul Lee, Jun Hwi Cho, Joon Ha Park, Young-Myeong Kim, Moo-Ho Won, Choong-Hyun Lee
Summary: This study investigated the time-dependent changes in CD200 expression in the hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia in gerbils. The results showed that transient ischemia led to specific and selective neuronal death in the CA1 field, with CD200 expression changing over time. Interestingly, treatment with risperidone did not alter CD200 expression, indicating protection of CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemic injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Jie Zhang, Ximing Wang, Yu Cui, Shan Jiang, Jin Wei, Jenna Chan, Anish Thalakola, Thanh Le, Lan Xu, Liang Zhao, Lei Wang, Kun Jiang, Feng Cheng, Trushar Patel, Jacentha Buggs, Volker Vallon, Ruisheng Liu
Summary: This study investigates the mechanism of hypertension in patients with diabetes and suggests that in early diabetes, upregulation of NOS1 in the macula densa plays a role in inhibiting TGF and increasing glomerular filtration rate, which helps in maintaining normal blood pressure.
