Preparation of proton conducting membranes containing bifunctional titania nanoparticles

Throughout this work, the synthesis and characterization of novel proton conducting nanocomposite membranes including binary and ternary mixtures of sulfated nano-titania (TS), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and nitrilotri(methyl phosphonic acid) (NMPA) are discussed. The materials were produced by means of two different approaches where in the first, PVA and TS (10-15 nm) were admixed to form a binary system. The second method was the ternary nanocomposite membranes including PVA/TS/NMPA that were prepared at several compositions to get PVA-TS-(NMPA)(x). The interaction of functional nano particles and NMPA in the host matrix was explored by FT-IR spectroscopy. The homogeneous distribution of bifunctional nanoparticles in the membrane was confirmed by SEM micrographs. The spectroscopic measurements and water/methanol uptake studies suggested a complexation between PVA and NMPA, which inhibited the leaching of the latter. The thermogravimetry analysis results verified that the presence of TS in the composite membranes suppressed the formation of phosphonic acid anhydrides up to 150 degrees C. The maximum proton conductivity has been measured for PVA-TS-(NMPA)(3) as 0.003 S cm(-1) at 150 degrees C.