Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nicholas C. Clark, Jamie Pethick
Summary: Work is needed to better understand knee movement and health control. This study aimed to explore side-to-side comparisons of magnitude- and complexity-based measures of knee muscle force control. The results showed significant differences in right/left DFA alpha. Different side-to-side comparisons yield different findings, indicating the need to consider the method of comparison. Both complexity-based and magnitude-based measures should be used when studying knee muscle force control.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Savanna Harrison, Nicholas C. Clark, Paul Ansdell, Jamie Pethick
Summary: There is currently inconclusive evidence regarding sex-related differences in muscle force and torque control. This study investigated sex differences in knee extensor muscle torque control using different measures of magnitude and complexity. The findings showed that males had higher absolute magnitude of torque fluctuations compared to females, but there were no sex differences when fluctuations were normalized to mean torque output. Additionally, males had lower complexity and higher fluctuation analysis, indicating sex differences in muscle torque control strategies. These results suggest the importance of considering both magnitude and complexity when examining sex differences in muscle force control.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Jamie Pethick, Nicholas C. Clark, Bernard Liew
Summary: Musculoskeletal conditions have an impact on peripheral joint muscle force control, resulting in increased magnitude and complexity of force fluctuations. This effect is dependent on study design, peripheral joint, and surgical status.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Laurent M. Arsac
Summary: The study suggests that a better understanding of executive control in the human movement system can be gained through complex fractal analysis, and that individuals with high motor skills are able to maintain good adaptability in the face of concurrent tasks.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Akira Nagamori, Christopher M. Laine, Gerald E. Loeb, Francisco J. Valero-Cuevas
Summary: Variability in muscle force, a key aspect of healthy and pathological human behavior, is not solely attributed to "motor noise" as previously believed, but rather highlights the importance of control strategies and properties of distributed sensorimotor systems. This study challenges the traditional assumption by considering physiological important features of motor unit populations, leading to a better understanding of force variability and the development of accurate theories and models for sensorimotor control.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
Nicholas C. Clark, Jamie Pethick, Deborah Falla
Summary: Musculoskeletal conditions are a major cause of disability globally, indicating that current rehabilitation techniques do not effectively target the most influential characteristics for long-term musculoskeletal health. Traditional measurements in neuromuscular control lack the ability to capture the hidden information of a physiological system's status over time. Utilizing measurement approaches that consider the complexity of muscle force control could provide valuable insights for diagnosing and prognosing musculoskeletal diseases and injuries.
MUSCULOSKELETAL SCIENCE AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Emily Mear, Valerie Gladwell, Jamie Pethick
Summary: Previous research has shown that force control in lower limb muscles explains variance in static balance. This study aimed to determine if muscle force control also explains variance in dynamic balance, as measured using the Y balance test (YBT).
Review
Sport Sciences
Jamie Pethick, Matthew J. D. Taylor, Stephen D. R. Harridge
Summary: During voluntary muscle contractions, force output exhibits fluctuations in both magnitude and complexity. Older adults demonstrate greater magnitude and lower complexity in force fluctuations, indicating decreased steadiness and adaptability of force output. Age-associated loss-of-force control is correlated with decreased performance in daily activities and may be more important for functional capacity than age-associated decreases in maximal strength. Acute physical activity interventions have shown promise in reversing the loss-of-force control in older individuals, but the long-term effects are still unknown.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Hucheng Chen, Jianbin Liang, Wenzhu Huang, Anping Yang, Richong Pang, Chaochao Zhao, Kai Wu, Chong Wang, Kecheng Yan, Yizheng Zhang, Shuoshu Lin, Yuanrong Xie, Yuxiang Wu, Jinyan Sun
Summary: This study investigated the aging effect on muscle metabolism patterns during upper limb's exercise and found that older subjects showed stronger muscle hemodynamic metabolism, higher complexity and stronger interlimb coupling of muscle oxygenation signals.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Yueh Chen, Chia-Ling Hu, Chih-Kai Hong, Kai-Lan Hsu, Fa-Chuan Kuan, Wei-Li Chen, Wei-Ren Su, Yi-Ching Chen, Ing-Shiou Hwang
Summary: This study investigated the neuromuscular control of increasing and releasing force in patients with chronic lateral epicondylitis (CLE). Results showed that patients with CLE exhibited significant impairment in increasing force, which was attributed to deficits in tendon structure and degenerative changes in the larger motor units of the wrist extensors. However, no significant differences were observed in releasing force. These findings are significant for understanding the neuromuscular control deficits in CLE.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Dragutin T. Mihailovic, Aleksandar Aksentijevic, Anja Mihailovic
Summary: Research has found that the complexity of solar irradiance time series can be effectively analyzed using Kolmogorov complexity and Aksentijevic-Gibson complexity, providing insights into both global/long-term structures and local/short-term fluctuations. The study also identifies a potential weekly periodicity related to environmental factors and human activity. These findings suggest that Aksentijevic-Gibson complexity could be a valuable tool not only for studying solar irradiation time series, but also for other types of geophysical data.
STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ryan T. Roemmich, Amy J. Bastian
Summary: Humans learn through exploration, and a new study suggests that this may also be how we learn to save energy when we walk.
Article
Biology
Fan Yang, Bing Liu, Yulin Zhu, Kris A. G. Wyckhuys, Wopke van der Werf, Yanhui Lu
Summary: This study analyzed a 3-year dataset of quantitative parasitoid-hyperparasitoid trophic networks from 25 different agro-landscapes to evaluate the impacts of landscape composition, species diversity, and trophic network structure on ecosystem functionality. The research found that functionality is primarily dictated by (hyper)parasitoid diversity, with its effects modulated by the generality and vulnerability of the food web. The study underscores the importance of considering on-farm biodiversity and trophic interactions when investigating ecosystem services within dynamic agro-landscapes.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Longgang Du, Xinxin Li, Moyuan Yang, Bellie Sivakumar, Yanxin Zhu, Xingyao Pan, Zhijia Li, Yan-Fang Sang
Summary: This study identified the optimal entropy index SE to assess the complexity of precipitation in Beijing, showing that precipitation complexity can be viewed in terms of four sub-regions. Climate variability and human activities impact precipitation complexity differently in different regions, with varying trends in precipitation complexity.
STOCHASTIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND RISK ASSESSMENT
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Emily M. Leishman, Jennifer Ellis, Nienke van Staaveren, Shai Barbut, Ryley J. Vanderhout, Vern R. Osborne, Benjamin J. Wood, Alexandra Harlander-Matauschek, Christine F. Baes
Summary: Temperature stress has significant effects on poultry meat quality, with hot and cold conditions leading to different meat quality defects. The treatment temperature and duration play a significant role in determining meat quality parameters. Overall, the effects of ambient temperature stress on poultry meat quality are generally small.
Review
Neurosciences
Katherine L. Hsieh, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Summary: In this article, falls in older adults are analyzed through a motor learning lens, with falls being viewed as three interdependent phases: destabilization, descent, and impact. The review explores how movements in the descent and impact phases can potentially reduce injuries, and suggests that safe landing strategies are voluntary motor skills that can be learned by older adults. Evidence from studies on young and older adults indicates that safe landing strategies can reduce impact force, highlighting their potential to complement existing approaches in reducing fall-related injuries.
JOURNAL OF MOTOR BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Rehabilitation
JongHun Sung, Sa Shen, Elizabeth W. Peterson, Jacob J. Sosnoff, Deborah Backus, Laura A. Rice
Summary: The study found that individuals who use wheelchairs full time and reported fear of falling had lower scores in community participation and quality of life. Further research is needed to understand the impact of fear of falling on community participation and quality of life among full time wheelchair users.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Laura A. Rice, Alexander Fliflet, Mikaela Frechette, Rachel Brokenshire, Libak Abou, Peter Presti, Harshal Mahajan, Jacob Sosnoff, Wendy A. Rogers
Summary: This study investigated the desired specifications, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness of an automated fall detection device among older adults who use wheelchairs and scooters through semistructured interviews. The findings revealed that preferred features included wireless charging, a watch form, the ability to change the emergency contact, and the option to disable false alarm notifications. Participants believed that an automated fall detection device would be beneficial and user-friendly.
DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Libak Abou, Alexander Fliflet, Lina Hawari, Peter Presti, Jacob J. Sosnoff, Harshal P. Mahajan, Mikaela L. Frechette, Laura A. Rice
Summary: This study examined the sensitivity of Apple Watch in detecting intentional falls from a wheelchair and found that the sensitivity was very low. Participant's height, impact force, lower limb functioning, and fall direction were identified as parameters that may influence the ability of the Apple Watch to detect falls.
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Tobia Zanotto, Irina Galperin, Anat Mirelman, Shahar Yehezkiyahu, John Estes, Lingjun Chen, Keren Regev, Arnon Karni, Tanja Schmitz-Hubsch, Friedemann Paul, Sharon G. Lynch, Abiodun E. Akinwuntan, Hannes Devos, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Summary: Frailty is significantly associated with a history of falls in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), independent of age, sex, and disease severity.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Gerontology
Shannon T. Mejia, Tai-Te Su, Qingyi Lan, Ajiang Zou, Aileen Griffin, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Summary: The study found that caregivers are interested in mobile fall prevention technologies that support older adults' independence while also alleviating concerns about falling.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED GERONTOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tobia Zanotto, Jacob J. Sosnoff, Edward Ofori, Daniel Golan, Myassar Zarif, Barbara Bumstead, Marijean Buhse, Olivia Kaczmarek, Jeffrey Wilken, Lisa Muratori, Thomas J. Covey, Mark Gudesblatt
Summary: This study aimed to quantify the variability of spatiotemporal gait measures within homologous EDSS categories. The results showed that there was a correlation between gait measures and EDSS scores, and the variability of gait measures increased with the increase in EDSS categories. Therefore, more comprehensive objective metrics are needed to accurately evaluate disability in pwMS, in addition to the EDSS.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Rehabilitation
Joseph Peters, Libak Abou, Ellyce Wong, Mauricette Senan Dossou, Jacob J. Sosnoff, Laura A. Rice
Summary: Based on a review of seven cross-sectional studies, it was found that smartphone applications for assessing gait and balance disorders in survivors of stroke are valid, reliable, specific, and sensitive.
DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION-ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Libak Abou, Jacob J. Sosnoff, Elizabeth W. Peterson, Deborah Backus, T. Bradley Willingham, Laura A. Rice
Summary: This study found that 75% of full-time wheelchair or scooter users with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience at least one fall in a 6-month period. The study highlights the importance of asking patients about their fall history in order to quickly identify those at higher risk and provide appropriate interventions.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Amit Salomon, Irina Galperin, David Buzaglo, Anat Mirelman, Keren Regev, Arnon Karni, Tanja Schmitz-Hubsch, Friedemann Paul, Hannes Devos, Jacob J. Sosnoff, Eran Gazit, Raz Tamir, Nathaniel Shimoni, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
Summary: The physical activity patterns of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) differ from those of healthy individuals in terms of rest-activity fragmentation, circadian rhythm amplitude, and fractal regulation. These measures provide additional information about disease progression and response to interventions beyond the total volume of physical activity.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Libak Abou, Alexander Fliflet, Peter Presti, Jacob J. Sosnoff, Harshal P. Mahajan, Mikaela L. Frechette, Laura A. Rice
Summary: This study aimed to develop and train a fall detection algorithm to differentiate falls from wheelchair mobility activities. Using data from accelerometers mounted at the participant's wrist, chest, and head, results indicate excellent accuracy in differentiating falls and wheelchair mobility activities.
ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Shannon T. Mejia, Tai-Te Su, Faith C. Washington, Sean Golinski, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Summary: This study examines the link between physical function experiences and awareness of fall risk in daily life. The findings show that older adults commonly underestimate their fall risk, and daily symptoms and fear of falling can impact awareness of fall risk.
INNOVATION IN AGING
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mikaela Frechette, Jason Fanning, Katherine Hsieh, Laura Rice, Jacob Sosnoff
Summary: This study aimed to test the usability of a mobile health app (Steady-Wheels) for fall risk assessment in aging adults who use wheelchairs and scooters. The results showed that the app has excellent usability and has the potential to provide a simple and easy-to-use remote fall risk assessment tool.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Libak Abou, Joseph Peters, Nora E. Fritz, Jacob J. Sosnoff, Anna L. Kratz
Summary: The evidence suggests that dual-task testing is not able to predict future falls among people with multiple sclerosis. Further research with more complex motor and cognitive tasks and longer-term fall monitoring is needed.
NEUROREHABILITATION AND NEURAL REPAIR
(2022)
Article
Nursing
Brandon M. Kistler, Jagdish Khubchandani, Paul Bennett, Kenneth R. Wilund, Jacob Sosnoff
Summary: Individuals with chronic kidney disease and depressive disorders have a higher risk of falls and fall-related injuries, even after adjusting for various factors. Further prospective studies are needed to better understand this relationship.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHIATRIC NURSES ASSOCIATION
(2022)