Article
Geology
O. V. Vernygora, A. M. Murray
Summary: Armigatus is an extinct clupeomorph genus comprising five species, with A. alticorpus being the least studied. Recent material from Lebanon suggests that A. alticorpus can be included in phylogenetic analysis, revealing close affinities with younger species in the genus. Comparisons of multiple specimens allowed for the establishment of morphological traits aiding in species delimitation.
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David W. E. Hone, W. Scott Persons, Steven C. Le Comber
Summary: The tails of non-avian dinosaurs vary greatly in length and form, with no consistent relationship between tail length and snout-sacrum length. Different groups of dinosaurs exhibit varied patterns of centra lengths along the tail, but many show a pattern of short centra followed by longer ones. This pattern is believed to be functionally important and may have evolved independently in different dinosaur groups.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tian Xia, Yu Sun, Shaobo Wang, Fengshan Zhang, Li Zhang, Shengfa Pan, Yinze Diao, Xin Chen, Feifei Zhou, Yanbin Zhao
Summary: This study aimed to explore the incidence and type of vertebral artery (VA) variation in patients with congenital cervical scoliosis. The dominance of VA was found to be related to a larger Cobb angle in these patients, and the incidence of variant in V2 and V3 segments was higher. Thorough evaluation of bilateral VAs is necessary before surgery, and extra cautions must be taken during the operation.
Article
Environmental Studies
Fernando Barroso-Barcenilla, Maria del Rosario Alcalde-Fuentes, Julia Audije-Gil, Melani Berrocal-Casero, Pedro Miguel Callapez, Senay Ozkaya de Juanas, Juan Alberto Perez-Valera, Vanda Faria dos Santos, Manuel Segura
Summary: The important paleontological and archaeological discoveries in Tamajon have enriched the natural and cultural heritage of this town. The creation of the Paleontological and Archaeological Interpretation Centre (CIPAT) provides a space for students and the public to learn about the region's history through exhibitions and educational areas. This center plays a vital role in promoting geotourism and sustainable socioeconomic development in the region.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Andrew J. Moore
Summary: The study reveals that air-filled sinuses in birds' vertebral bones vary with the position in the neck and are influenced by the shape of the vertebrae. The size of the vertebrae alone cannot explain the variation in pneumaticity. The results suggest that biomechanics related to shape and position play a role in determining the amount of bone loss that can be tolerated.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Di Meng, Edmond Boyer, Sergi Pujades
Summary: Vertebrae localization, segmentation and identification in CT images are crucial for various clinical applications. This study proposes a combination of deep learning and non-learning methods to address the challenge of transitional and pathological vertebrae, leveraging statistical priors to enforce anatomical consistency. The proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art results on benchmark tests and outperforms other methods on transitional vertebrae and generalization to different datasets. Additionally, the method can detect and report inconsistent spine regions. The code and model are openly available for research purposes.
COMPUTERIZED MEDICAL IMAGING AND GRAPHICS
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Katie A. Adler, Diego L. De Nault, Cassandra M. Cardoza, Molly Womack
Summary: This study used microCT scans and phylogenetic comparative methods to examine the vertebral shape and evolutionary rates in hundreds of anuran species. The results revealed variation in vertebral shape and higher evolutionary rates in cervical and caudal trunk vertebrae. There was little evidence for selection pressures related to adult or larval ecology affecting vertebral evolution, but body size and microhabitat had significant effects on vertebral shape.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Arianna Martini, Lauren Sahd, Martin Rucklin, Ann Huysseune, Brian K. Hall, Clara Boglione, P. Eckhard Witten
Summary: Vertebral bodies consist of two types of developmental modules, centra and arches. The one-to-one relationship between centra and arches is lost in the caudal fin endoskeleton of teleosts. Deviations from this relationship occur in most vertebrates, either due to changes in the number of centra or changes in the number of arches. In zebrafish, deviations are mainly observed in the caudal region of the vertebral column.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jae-Hyuk Shim, Woo Seok Kim, Kwang Gi Kim, Gi Taek Yee, Young Jae Kim, Tae Seok Jeong
Summary: Segmentation of the cervical spine and cranial bones using X-ray images is crucial for diagnosing TAOD. Previous studies have limited segmentation to only parts of the cervical spine and have not included cranial bone segmentations. This study trained a U-Net model to automatically segment important features for diagnosing TAOD, achieving high accuracy as measured by accuracy and dice coefficient values.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert A. Spicer, Tao Su, Paul J. Valdes, Alexander Farnsworth, Fei-Xiang Wu, Gongle Shi, Teresa E. Spicer, Zhekun Zhou
Summary: The uplift of the Tibetan Plateau was not solely caused by the collision and northward movement of India, but rather a complex process involving the collision of several Gondwanan terranes with Asia during the Mesozoic. New synthetic views incorporating Earth system modeling, paleoaltimetry proxies, and fossil finds help reveal the true topographic evolution of Tibet.
NATIONAL SCIENCE REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Ying-Zhao Yan, Ben Wang, Xiao-Qin Huang, Xuanliang Ru, Xiang-Yang Wang, Hang-Bo Qu
Summary: Asymptomatic adults with 7C + 12T + 6L, 7C + 12T + 4L, and 7C + 11T + 5L present different spinal sagittal alignment compared to those with 7C + 12T + 5L. Variation in the number of thoracic vertebrae (TVs) had less effect on global spinal sagittal parameters compared to variation in the number of lumbar vertebrae (LVs). Spinal surgeons and researchers should be aware of the effects of variation in numbers of TVs and LVs on global spinal parameters and sagittal balance.
ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biology
Marco Tamborini
Summary: This article examines the relationship between twentieth- and twenty-first-century paleobiology, highlighting the pursuit of more data, technology, and integration in twenty-first-century paleontology. It also proposes the idea of a possible new paleobiological revolution and the political representation it could provide to paleontologists in addressing important issues such as expanded evolutionary synthesis, conservation, and global climate change.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Theodore Green, Paul R. Renne, C. Brenhin Keller
Summary: This study investigates the correlation between large igneous provinces (LIPs) and Phanerozoic faunal turnover, and examines the likelihood of such correlations occurring by chance. The results suggest a causal relationship between continental LIPs and extinctions, with a stronger correlation for LIPs with higher eruptive rates and stage boundaries with higher extinction magnitudes. The study also identifies LIP magma degassing as a primary kill mechanism for mass extinctions and intervals of faunal turnover.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elias A. Warshaw, Denver W. Fowler
Summary: In this paper, a new derived tyrannosaurine dinosaur, Daspletosaurus wilsoni, is described and its evolutionary mode is investigated. The study provides important insights into the evolution of this lineage and highlights the predominance of anagenetic evolution among contemporary dinosaur lineages.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Bethany E. Brodbeck, Kady Lyons, Nathan R. Miller, John A. Mohan
Summary: This study quantified trace element incorporation in the vertebral cartilage of Round Stingrays and explored the influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The results showed significant differences in Mn/Ca, Zn/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Ba/Ca ratios between females and males, suggesting different habitat use and reproductive behaviors. This research demonstrates the potential of multielement signatures in vertebral cartilage for studying habitat use and migration in elasmobranchs.