Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yue Li, S. Thameem Dheen, Fengru Tang, Yumin Luo, Ran Meng, Tay Sam Wah Samuel, Lan Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the miRNA expression profiles in the hippocampal areas of mice before and after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE) and predicted the downstream proteins and related pathways. The results showed that the miRNA expression patterns were closely related to epileptogenesis in different time points and subfields. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying epilepsy.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Carlos A. Lafourcade, Fraser T. Sparks, Angelique Bordey, Ursula Wyneken, Michael H. Mohammadi
Summary: The hippocampal formation is crucial in the development of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), a disease characterized by recurrent, unprovoked epileptic discharges. The hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) acts as a filter to prevent excessive excitation and is considered critical in the progression of epileptogenesis. Endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids) play a central role in regulating neuronal activity in the DG circuit. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of the DG in controlling hyperexcitability and discusses the potential therapeutic interventions using cannabinoids.
Article
Neurosciences
Erin R. Cullen, Kamran Tariq, Amy N. Shore, Bryan W. Luikart, Matthew C. Weston
Summary: This study found that although mTORC2 inactivation can partially rescue morphologic and electrophysiological abnormalities caused by PTEN loss, it is unable to prevent seizures. Further research demonstrated that mTORC2 inactivation, while rescuing dendritic arbor overgrowth, increases synaptic strength and causes impairments in presynaptic function. These results suggest that an increase in excitatory connectivity and co-occurring synaptic dysfunction, even in the absence of morphologic changes, is sufficient to generate seizures downstream of PTEN loss.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cassidy T. Burke, Iuliia Vitko, Justyna Straub, Elsa O. Nylund, Agnieszka Gawda, Kathryn Blair, Kyle A. Sullivan, Lara Ergun, Matteo Ottolini, Manoj K. Patel, Edward Perez-Reyes
Summary: Epileptogenesis involves changes in neuronal firing and gene transcription networks, which can be targeted by the activity-dependent transcription factor EpiPro. The study successfully validated the effectiveness of EpiPro in multiple rodent models of epilepsy, highlighting its potential as a gene therapy driver for epilepsy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kai-Ge Ma, Hai-Bo Hu, Jin-Song Zhou, Chao Ji, Qi-Sheng Yan, Si-Ming Peng, Lan-Dong Ren, Bing-Nan Yang, Xin-Li Xiao, Yan-Bing Ma, Feng Wu, Kai-Wei Si, Xiao-Lin Wu, Jian-Xin Liu
Summary: It has been found that Gpc4 plays a crucial role in the development of mossy fiber sprouting in the hippocampus, with the mTOR pathway being essential for Gpc4-regulated MFS. Additionally, suppressing Gpc4 expression after status epilepticus has shown to attenuate spontaneous recurrent seizures, indicating that Gpc4 may be a promising target for antiepileptic studies.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mahmoud Rezaei, Samireh Ghafouri, Azam Asgari, Victoria Barkley, Yaghoub Fathollahi, Sareh Rostami, Amir Shojaei, Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
Summary: This study investigated the role of dopamine D-2-like receptors in the antiepileptogenic action of deep brain electrical stimulation (DBS). The results suggest that DBS exerts its preventive effect on epileptogenesis, at least partly, through dopamine D-2-like receptors.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chen-Ling Gan, Yulian Zou, Yongfang Xia, Tao Zhang, Dongmei Chen, Guihua Lan, Yingxue Mei, Long Wang, Xindong Shui, Li Hu, Hekun Liu, Tae Ho Lee
Summary: The study showed that the activity of DAPK1 increased in mice after convulsive seizures, but not its expression level. Suppressing DAPK1 expression through genetic knockout significantly reduced seizure phenotypes and the development of seizures. Pharmacological inhibition of DAPK1 activity demonstrated rapid antiepileptic effects in both acute and chronic epilepsy mouse models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Czarina Ramos, Stefano Lutzu, Miwako Yamasaki, Yuchio Yanagawa, Kenji Sakimura, Susumu Tomita, Masahiko Watanabe, Pablo E. Castillo
Summary: This study provides the first direct evidence of functional extrasynaptic kainate receptors (KARs) on mossy cells (MCs) in the hippocampus. These KARs are mainly located extrasynaptically and play a critical role in the activity of MCs. Increases in ambient glutamate can activate the KARs on MCs.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Dore Loef, Indira Tendolkar, Philip F. P. van Eijndhoven, Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans, Mardien L. Oudega, Annemieke J. M. Rozemuller, Paul J. Lucassen, Annemiek Dols, Anke A. Dijkstra
Summary: This anatomical study investigated the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on the human hippocampus in depressed patients. The results indicated that ECT may induce neuroplasticity in the hippocampus, as evidenced by increased expression of markers for young neurons and cellular plasticity. There were no major cell loss or classic neuropathological changes observed.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haofeng Liu, Yongxin Cao, Wenjing Zhang, Zhu Liu, Yan Li, Yu Chen, Hongchang Zhang, Fei Yu, Xiayan Liu
Summary: This study identifies 78 putative IQD family genes in the genome of hexaploid wheat and characterizes one TaIQD protein. The results reveal that TaIQD proteins regulate plant cell and organ morphogenesis and provide new insights into the functions of crop IQD proteins.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elodie Fels, Marie-Eve Mayeur, Estelle Wayere, Clementine Vincent, Celine Malleval, Jerome Honnorat, Olivier Pascual
Summary: LGI1, a neuronal secreted protein highly expressed in the hippocampus, plays an essential role in regulating the balance between inhibition and excitation in the neuronal network. The altered function of LGI1 could lead to epileptic seizures. In this study, mice were infused with LGI1 IgG to investigate its effect on AMPA-receptor expression and network excitability. The findings suggest that LGI1 IgG reduces AMPA-R expression, increases network hyperexcitability, and more significantly impairs the inhibitory network activity, shedding light on the crucial role of the inhibitory network in triggering epileptic seizures in LGI1 LE patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Angela Kecskes, Boldizsar Czeh, Miklos Kecskes
Summary: This review summarizes the role of mossy cells in healthy and overexcited hippocampus, discussing the controversy surrounding their involvement in temporal lobe epilepsy.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Robin L. Haynes, Hannah C. Kinney, Elisabeth A. Haas, Jhodie R. Duncan, Molly Riehs, Felicia Trachtenberg, Dawna D. Armstrong, Sanda Alexandrescu, Jane B. Cryan, Marco M. Hefti, Henry F. Krous, Richard D. Goldstein, Lynn A. Sleeper
Summary: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a syndrome characterized by sudden death with heterogeneous biological causes, involving abnormalities in medullary serotonin receptor and hippocampus. Results show a low proportion of SIDS cases with abnormalities in both medullary and hippocampal regions, with prenatal smoking potentially contributing to these abnormalities.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marc Briquet, Anne-Berengere Rocher, Maxime Alessandri, Nadia Rosenberg, Haissa de Castro Abrantes, Joel Wellbourne-Wood, Celine Schmuziger, Vanessa Ginet, Julien Puyal, Etienne Pralong, Roy Thomas Daniel, Stefan Offermanns, Jean-Yves Chatton
Summary: Lactate can be utilized by neurons as an energy source and can decrease synaptic activity through activation of HCAR1 receptor, making HCAR1 an attractive target for the treatment of epilepsy.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Roberto Colangeli, Maria Morena, Allison Werner, Roger J. Thompson, Mario van der Stelt, Quentin J. Pittman, Matthew N. Hill, Campbell Teskey
Summary: Repeated seizures result in persistent alteration of endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling, particularly a deficiency in anandamide signaling in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), leading to abnormal synaptic function and emotional behavior. This study found that repeated seizures reduced tonic and phasic eCB-mediated retrograde signaling in GABA transmission. These effects were not due to changes in CB1 receptor sensitivity or altered baseline 2-AG signaling, but rather impaired stimulus-dependent 2-AG synthesis/release.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)