Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mengren Wu, Yuan Gao, Amirreza Ghaznavi, Weiqi Zhao, Jie Xu
Summary: Efficient mixing of fluids is crucial for various biomedical and biochemical applications in lab-on-a-chip devices. This study explores electroosmosis micromixing in a lab-on-a-foil microfluidic device, achieving efficient micromixing using tooth-shaped planar electrodes. The study evaluates the mixing performance through intensity measurement and investigates the effects of frequency, flow rate, voltage amplitude, and number of electrode tooth pairs. The research demonstrates the potential for optimizing mixing performance in EOF-based micromixers and the fabrication of low-cost flexible electric microfluidic devices.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sumit Kumar Mehta, Pranab Kumar Mondal
Summary: We propose a new micromixer design by inserting a two-part cylinder bearing zeta potential in the upstream and downstream directions. A vortex is developed in the flow pathway due to the substantial momentum difference between the microchannel's wall and cylinder, enhancing mixing efficiency. The shear-induced aggregation characteristic time sharply increases with increasing shear-thinning behavior of the fluid.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Melika Haji Mohammadi, Sterre Mulder, Patricia Khashayar, Alireza Kalbasi, Mostafa Azimzadeh, Amir Reza Aref
Summary: Lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices have revolutionized the field of metabolic detection by combining the advantages of biosensors and microfluidics. Saliva is now being recognized as a non-invasive alternative biofluid for diagnostics, leading to promising applications of LOCs in analyzing saliva for a wide range of medical situations and diseases. Advancements in utilizing LOCs for detecting various bacteria and viruses, cytokines, metabolites, kidney related diseases, prostate cancer, and oral diseases are being explored with the potential to aid in addressing current pandemics.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Kasavajhula Naga Vasista, Sumit Kumar Mehta, Sukumar Pati
Summary: The electroosmotic mixing characteristics in a hydrophobic microchannel with interfacial slip dependent heterogeneous surface charge are investigated. Two different flow regimes are identified, and the effect of interfacial slip on mixing performance is significant.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Joydip Sengupta, Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
Summary: Analytical lab-on-chip devices are widely used in various fields, with graphene being an important component. To achieve sustainability, environmental compatibility needs to be considered. This paper reviews prospective pathways for the feasible fabrication of environmentally friendly graphene-based lab-on-chip devices.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Harry Dawson, Jinane Elias, Pascal Etienne, Sylvie Calas-Etienne
Summary: The integration of optical circuits with microfluidic lab-on-chip devices has brought about new possibilities for sample manipulation and detection at the micro-scale, particularly in bio-chemical applications. However, challenges remain due to the complexity of combining photonics with micro-fabricated systems, which limits the industrial scaling of this technology.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Agnieszka Krakos, Adrianna Cieslak, Eliza Hartel, Magdalena Beata Labowska, Julita Kulbacka, Jerzy Detyna
Summary: The results of a lab-on-chip platform with a hydrogel matrix fabricated by 3D printing technique are reported. The hydrogel layers with unique composition were uniformly bio-printed. Six different hydrogel inks were proposed, and the best cell viability results were obtained for the hydrogel composition including sodium alginate, gelatin, and NaCl. The research will further focus on the microfluidic culture of lung cancer cell line and the development of novel drug delivery strategies.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sida Ouyang, Longyong Wu, Mingxue Xiang, Youqin Zou, Zhongbang Zhu, Ping Zhang
Summary: Metal-bearing materials have been found to be effective in removing phosphate from the environment, but the reaction process and the influence of electric double layer (EDL) on phosphate removal have not been studied in detail. In this study, metal-bearing tri-calcium aluminate (C3A, Ca3Al2O6) was used to remove phosphate and investigate the impact of EDL. It was found that C3A had excellent removal capacity at low initial phosphate concentration, but its removal capability decreased at high phosphate concentration due to the aggregation of C3A particles under the influence of EDL. The feasibility of using C3A for phosphate treatment was also evaluated. This research provides theoretical guidance for the application of C3A in phosphate removal and deepens the understanding of phosphate removal mechanism by metal-bearing materials, making it important for environmental remediation.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Klemen Bohinc, Simone Spada, Stefano Maset
Summary: In this study, a mixture of point-like ions and large spherical nanoparticles with distributed charges on their surfaces is investigated. The finite size of nanoparticles is taken into account using a lattice gas entropy model, while the exact charge distribution is considered for the electrostatic energy. The Euler-Lagrange equations are solved numerically, revealing the significant influence of nanoparticle size on concentration profiles and electric double layer characteristics. The theoretical model predicts attraction between similarly-charged surfaces for sufficiently large nanoparticles with significant charge, with the range of attraction decreasing with the addition of point-like salt ions.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gulsun Bagci, Dehan Comez, Hande Topel, Yeliz Yilmaz, Ezgi Bagirsakci, Aysim Gunes, Gizem Bati Ayaz, Ismail Tahmaz, Muge Bilgen, Gulhas Solmaz, Devrim Pesen Okvur, Nese Atabey
Summary: This study investigated the role of aberrant c-Met activation in regulating the extravasation and homing capacity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells using a Lab on a Chip device. It was found that c-Met overexpression and activation directed HCC cells towards the hepatocytes-enriched microenvironment, and blocking c-Met phosphorylation attenuated the extravasation and homing capacity of HCC cells.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Sachin Shaw
Summary: This study focuses on the crucial role of endothelium glycocalyx integrity in targeted intravenous nanoparticle drug delivery and its impact on the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Through experiments, the negative charges in the glycocalyx layer and its interaction with plasma phase are observed. The electrochemical characteristics and effects on blood flow are analyzed, providing insights into the electrochemical nature and electrokinetic effect of the glycocalyx layer.
FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yu Wang, Runkeng Liu, Zhenyu Liu
Summary: The effect of electric field intensity on reverse electroosmotic flow of an aqueous KCl solution confined in a charged nanotube was analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. It was discovered that some counter-ions assumed to be immobile in the Stern layer can escape under the action of external electric field. The degree of charge inversion was found to be negatively proportional to the electric field intensity. The reverse electroosmotic flow velocity showed a cubic function relationship with the electric field intensity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Sadeka Nujhat, Hannah S. Leese, Mirella Di Lorenzo, Rebecca Bowen, Sandhya Moise
Summary: Gynaecological cancers pose a major global health concern, with inadequate screening and diagnostic methods for ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancer. Portable and cost-effective lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technologies show promise for mass screening and diagnosis of gynaecological cancers. However, further research and validation are needed before widespread adoption in clinical practice.
ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Raees ul Haq, Ammarah Raees, Hang Xu, Shaozhang Xiao
Summary: This study investigates the influence of stress jump conditions on a steady, fully developed two-layer magnetohydrodynamic electro-osmotic nanofluid in a microchannel. The nanofluid is partially filled into the microchannel, while a porous medium saturated with nanofluid is immersed into the other half. The Brinkmann-extended Darcy equation is used to explain the nanofluid flow in the porous region. Electric double layers are examined in both regions, and at the interface, the Ochoa-Tapia and Whitaker's stress jump condition is considered. The results show that considering the change in shear stress at the interface significantly affects fluid flow problems.
Article
Physics, Applied
Zhu Zhang, Jie Yang, Cheng Lian, Sanli Faez
Summary: The study introduces a new method called electric-double-layer-modulation microscopy, which can generate optical contrast sensitive to surface charge and local topography by modulating the electric potential on a conducting electrode. The observable optical contrast is proportional to the derivative of ion concentration with respect to the modulated potential, depending on the size of the object and its surface charge, with nanoholes being the most suitable geometry for achieving elementary charge sensitivity.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shashank S. Tiwari, Eshita Pal, Shivkumar Bale, Nitin Minocha, Ashwin W. Patwardhan, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chenguang Zhang, K. Nandakumar
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
D. G. de Oliveira, C. L. Wu, K. Nandakumar
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Yan Li, Danni Li, Pei Zhao, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Liqiu Wang, Youqiang Song
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pingan Zhu, Chengmin Chen, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Liqiu Wang
Summary: Adding a dimple on super-repellent surfaces can break the symmetries in the law of reflection, allowing for fine tuning of droplet translational velocity in both direction and magnitude. This enables versatile droplet manipulation including trapping, shedding, antigravity transport, targeted positioning, and on-demand coalescence of droplets.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhizhong Ding, Shashank S. Tiwari, Mayank Tyagi, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar
Summary: The study demonstrates that while the simulated bubble patterns show regularity, the actual arrangement of bubbles is unstable. Additionally, the prediction of bubble patterns is affected by the mathematical limitations of frictional closure models.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuxiu Li, Shashank S. Tiwari, Geoffrey M. Evans, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
Summary: Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) using a non-Lagrangian multiplier based fictitious domain (FD) method were conducted to study the behavior of freely falling/rising rigid particles in a quiescent fluid. The simulations validated well against experimental results and identified several distinct flow regimes, including helical and zig-zagging trajectories for different solid-to-fluid density ratios. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis revealed a bimodal frequency pattern similar to flow past an isolated stationary bluff body.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chengmin Chen, Zhizhong Ding, Shashank S. Tiwari, Jianmei Wang, Jianchun Wang, Guangxia Liu, Yan Li, Meng Guo, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar
Summary: The impingement process of alginate droplet on an immiscible liquid was investigated using experimental and numerical approaches, revealing that the intensity of interaction between the two liquids leads to different droplet shapes. The droplet yield stress, Ohnesorge number, and Weber number were identified as key parameters determining the droplet shape.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhizhong Ding, Shashank S. Tiwari, Chenguang Zhang, Mayank Tyagi, Bo Kong, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
Summary: This study investigates the dynamic response of a neutrally buoyant elliptical cylinder in shear flow, revealing two distinct responses and discussing the transition between them through the prediction of a critical Reynolds number. The findings validate the effectiveness of the SDFIBM method for particles subjected to shear flows.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
C. Zhang, Andrew N. Okafor, Hiba Malik, K. D. P. Nigam, K. Nandakumar
Summary: This study evaluates the Toroidal Helical Pipe (THP) as a means of process intensification compared to an equivalent length of straight pipe. The THP provides continuous curvature changes that result in complex secondary flows, effectively reducing concentration polarization.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Pei Zhao, Jianchun Wang, Chengmin Chen, Jianmei Wang, Guangxia Liu, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Yan Li, Liqiu Wang
Summary: This article introduces the applications of microfluidic technology in drug development, focusing on the recent developments and trends in microfluidic fabrication of drug carriers and microfluidic chips for drug toxicity screening. The challenges and future directions of microfluidic applications in drug development are also discussed.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Anil K. Mehrotra, Joao B. P. Soares, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Pierre J. Carreau, Norman Epstein, Gregory S. Patience
Summary: The history and achievements of The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering highlight the multifaceted development of chemical engineering and its crucial role in advancing chemical sciences and engineering.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Mayank Tyagi, Ye Xu, Kalliat T. Valsaraj, Jyeshtharaj B. Joshi
Summary: Through introspection and assessment, the chemical engineering field has developed a mature undergraduate curriculum that equips engineers with skills in transport, reaction engineering, and thermodynamics. However, there is a need to adapt the curriculum to meet the needs of established industries while nurturing innovators for emerging industries, without harming the field unintentionally.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ahmed M. Alatyar, Abdallah S. Berrouk, Mohamed S. Alshehhi, Muhammed Saeed, Haitem Hassan-Beck, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar
Summary: The current study aims to enhance the hydraulic performance of Rotating Packed Beds (RPB) by modifying the geometrical construction of the inner cavity, outlet pipe, and packing. Four novel geometries of the RPB were proposed and analyzed using a validated CFD model, and it was found that optimizing the flow pattern at the exit of the packing by modifying the inner cavity's shape can reduce the total pressure drops by up to 22%. The addition of a nozzle at the entry of the outlet pipe further decreases the pressure drop by 13%.
ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Navid H. Jafari, Murad Nazari, Krishnaswamy Nandakumar, Mohammad Saghayezhian
GEO-SYSTEMS, SUSTAINABILITY, GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, AND UNSATURATED SOIL MECHANICS (GEO-CONGRESS 2020)
(2020)