Journal
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
Volume 454, Issue -, Pages 390-397Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2013.12.046
Keywords
Forward osmosis membrane; Pore size distribution; Rejection; Transmission electron microscopy; Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen; adsorption
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Funding
- National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2009AA062901, 2012AA03A604]
- National Basic Research Program of China [2009CB623401]
- Beijing Natural Science Foundation [2100001]
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This paper adopted three different techniques to characterize the membrane widely used in the studies of forward osmosis. The first technique involved estimating the pore size distribution of the membrane by modeling the rejection of simple uncharged solutes in hydraulic pressure-driven experiments. The pore size distribution was determined through the relationship between solute rejection and the Stokes radius of the neutral solute molecules. In the second method, the transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the membrane. This method enabled the direct observation of open pore radius and directly confirmed the presence of discrete active and real physical pores. The third technique used to determine pore size distribution is the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller nitrogen adsorption. The results indicate that the forward osmosis membrane shows a significant distribution of pore size. The pore radius distribution is approximately skewed positively, and the mean value is 0.25-0.30 nm. This work also compared all the results, which show good agreement with the three techniques. Furthermore, the reflection coefficient is related to the pore size distribution obtained in this work, and the calculated values agree well with the experiment results. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
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