Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
A. Ruiz-Garcia, I Nuez
Summary: This study evaluated the performance and boron rejection of a single-stage seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) system under variable operating conditions. Results showed differences in boron rejection and water production between different membrane elements. When designing RES-powered SWRO systems, consideration should be given to the safe operating range of boron concentration and the variation of membrane permeability coefficients.
COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
A. Y. Goren, H. E. Okten
Summary: This study investigated the simultaneous removal of boron from aqueous solutions, organic matter from industrial wastewater, and energy production using a Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC). The modified MDC cell with 3D cubic electrodes showed promising results in boron and organic matter removal efficiencies, as well as power density under optimum operating conditions. The use of 3D electrodes was found to be a promising improvement to conventional configurations, with comparable removal efficiencies and energy production in a more compact electrode structure.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yonatan Graber, Paz Nativ, Ori Lahav
Summary: The study focused on increasing the maximum recovery ratio of brackish water RO desalination plants by using a cationic ion-exchange resin to exchange Ca2+ with Mg2+ and Na+ ions in the raw water, and regenerating it with seawater. Through simulations, the goal of reducing [Ca2+] and enriching the product water with Mg2+ was achieved at no additional cost. The maximal recovery ratio was shown to be raised to 89.2% with a cost reduction of -$0.23 per additional m3 of desalinated water produced.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhewei Zhang, Omkar R. Lokare, Alen Gusa, Radisav D. Vidic
Summary: Inland brackish water desalination plants typically use reverse osmosis for water production, but face challenges in disposing the reject stream. Membrane distillation offers a solution to improve performance by recovering clean permeate and reducing concentrate volume. Barite precipitation was utilized to remove sulfate from BWRO concentrate, enhancing water recovery efficiency and preventing interference with MD operations.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sohum K. Patel, Weiyi Pan, Yong-Uk Shin, Jovan Kamcev, Menachem Elimelech
Summary: The study introduces a novel electrosorption-based boron removal technology using a bipolar membrane (BPM) between porous carbon electrodes, showing its potential to overcome the limitations of current methods. The mechanism of boron removal is confirmed to be electrosorption rather than adsorption. The effect of applied voltage on the process efficiency is evaluated, and the BPM-electrosorption system is compared with flow-through electrosorption, demonstrating advantages in boron sorption capacity and energy consumption. Overall, the BPM-electrosorption system shows promising boron removal capability.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ridha Ben Mansour
Summary: Seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) is a mature technology that has evolved significantly, but boron removal remains challenging. A new RO transport model combining irreversible thermodynamic theory and solution-diffusion theory was developed to address this issue. The model was validated and used to identify key parameters and assess their impact on SWRO performance. The results showed that the convective transport of boron through the seawater membrane significantly influenced water quality and energy consumption.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mohammed Emad, Mohamed Benghanem, Tariq Z. Abolibda
Summary: The aim of this study is to prevent public drinking from water coolers with low-quality water by using an auto-detection process. The proposed water treatment management system allows dispensers to provide the best-quality water. The study investigates the quality of drinking water from coolers in public places in Madinah and recommends regular maintenance and optimal design for the water desalination process to ensure clean and safe drinking water.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chulmin Lee, Yesol Kang, Dong-Ho Kim, In S. Kim
Summary: The WW-SW integrated RO process is gaining attention for its energy saving capability, economic benefits, and sustainability. One advantage is the reduction of boron concentration in the RO permeate, eliminating the need for post-treatment. Design constraints related to boron removal in the system have been explored, with a range of 15,000 to 20,000 mg/L feed found to be the most appropriate. Boron rejection tests with different membranes showed a critical reduction in rejection at pressures below 20 bar, emphasizing caution in using certain membranes in the integrated system.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sofia F. Soares, Carlos O. Amorim, Joao S. Amaral, Tito Trindade, Ana L. Daniel-da-Silva
Summary: The study successfully synthesized magnetic nanosorbents for the efficient removal of glyphosate from ultra-pure water and real wastewater. Through various operational adjustments, the maximum adsorption capacity of the magnetic nanosorbents reached 3.04 mg/g, and the removal rate remained above 80% after 4 adsorption-desorption cycles.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qipeng Zhao, Die Ling Zhao, Fan Feng, Tai-Shung Chung, Shing Bor Chen
Summary: By intercalating citrate anions into layered double hydroxides, a novel thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane with enlarged inter-layer spacing was developed. This membrane demonstrated excellent performance in brackish water reverse osmosis desalination and boron removal, offering insights for the design of next-generation TFN membranes for water treatment.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Liang Ying Ee, Qipeng Zhao, Jie Gao, Chit Kai Lim, Kai Xue, Sze Yuet Chin, Sam Fong Yau Li, Tai-Shung Chung, Shing Bor Chen
Summary: In this study, facile intercalation and functionalization of β-cyclodextrin onto layered double hydroxides have resulted in the formation of accessible hydroxyl functional groups and anions that exhibit strong sorption and host-guest interaction with boron. The modified LDH was employed to fabricate a polyamide-based thin-film nanocomposite membrane with high salt rejection and water permeance for brackish water, achieving a high boron rejection rate as well. This pioneering study provides valuable insights into the design of brackish water reverse osmosis membranes using macrocyclic molecules and inorganic layered nanomaterials.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
A. Y. Goren, H. E. Okten
Summary: The study demonstrates the promising potential of using microbial desalination cells for boron removal and energy production. The efficiency of boron removal is significantly affected by electrode surface area, and optimization can achieve high boron and COD removal efficiencies in real geothermal brine.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yakubu A. Jarma, Asli Karaog, Islam Rashad Ahmed Senan, Alper Baba, Nalan Kabay
Summary: This study conducted experimental research on minimizing brine production during membrane desalination of geothermal reinjection fluid using nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. The results showed that brine recirculation has a significant impact on membrane performance, and the boron concentration in the product water remains high.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yakubu A. Jarma, Asli Karaoglu, Islam Rashad Ahmed Senan, Mehmet Kamil Meric, Yasemin Senem Kukul, Emrah Ozcakal, Neriman Tuba Barlas, Hakan Cakici, Alper Baba, Nalan Kabay
Summary: This research aimed to treat spent geothermal water to meet the irrigation water standards for tomato plants. By using pressure driven membranes, the produced water met the quality I class irrigation water standards, but failed to meet the standards for sodium adsorption ratio and boron concentration, requiring mixing with well water to achieve the desired water quality.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dayoung Ahn, Seonghwan Kim, Panyu Ren, Volker Presser, Choonsoo Kim
Summary: Redox flow desalination (RFD) is a promising technology for sustainable water treatment. This study evaluates RFD for valorization of tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) as value-added organic compounds from wastewater. The system achieves continuous removal of TMAH and simultaneous recovery for reuse as a tetramethylammonium cation, with a TMAH removal rate of 4.3 mM/g/h and a 40% recovery ratio.
JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Abolfazl Ansari, Fariba Malekpour Galogahi, Graeme Millar, Fernanda Helfer, David V. Thiel, Sofiane Soukane, Noreddine Ghaffour
Summary: Air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD) is a novel method that can reduce heat requirements for water purification. However, AGMD faces challenges such as low water permeate flux and downstream performance reduction. A 2D comprehensive study using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was conducted to examine the effectiveness of solar absorbers and spacer filaments in addressing these challenges. The results demonstrated that solar absorbers slightly increased water flux and decreased temperature and concentration polarisation effects, while cylindrical detached spacers improved water flux compared to other types of spacers. The proposed spacer-filled module significantly enhanced AGMD performance and resulted in uniform water flux throughout the module.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Abolfazl Ansari, Fariba Malekpour Galogahi, Graeme Millar, Fernanda Helfer, David V. Thiel, Sofiane Soukane, Noreddine Ghaffour
Summary: This study examined the impact of solar absorbers and different spacer filaments on the performance of direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). A computational fluid dynamics model was developed to simulate water flux in DCMD modules with different designs of solar absorbers and spacer filaments. The results showed that a module equipped with a solar absorber membrane enhanced the DCMD performance better than a module with a solar absorber plate. Moreover, a module with cylindrical detached spacer filaments improved DCMD performance more than a module with rectangular and semicircular attached spacers. Finally, a module equipped with an integrated developed spacer and solar absorber membrane significantly enhanced water flux and both concentration and temperature polarisations, particularly when the inlet velocity was increased.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
M. Obaid, Norah Alsadun, Osama Shekhah, Sarah Almahfoodh, Sheng Zhou, Noreddine Ghaffour, Mohamed Eddaoudi
Summary: Despite progress in oil-water separation, challenges like low permeance and fouling problems still exist. Superwettable materials, particularly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), are potential candidates for oily wastewater treatment. However, MOFs have been rarely explored for separating stabilized oil-in-water emulsions, calling for the development of better MOF materials.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Emad Ali, Jamel Orfi, Hany AlAnsary, Ahmad S. S. Alsaadi, Noreddine Ghaffour, Mohammed Khennich
Summary: An improved model for multistage flash (MSF) structures is developed to assess the performance of a novel MSF configuration called MSF reversal (RV-MSF). The performance of RV-MSF is compared with conventional MSF once-through (OT-MSF) with and without brine mixing. The simplified model commonly used overestimates the required heat transfer area and underestimates the cooling water and energy requirements for the RV-MSF configuration. Rating: 7 out of 10.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohanad Abunada, Nirajan Dhakal, Raffay Gulrez, Pamela Ajok, Yuke Li, Almotasembellah Abushaban, Herman Smit, David Moed, Noreddine Ghaffour, Jan C. Schippers, Maria D. Kennedy
Summary: This study applied and verified the MFI-UF method to predict particulate fouling in two full-scale RO plants. The results showed that the fouling rates predicted using MFI-UF measured with 100 kDa membrane had the best agreement with the actual fouling in plant A. In plant B, the fouling rates predicted based on both 10 and 100 kDa membranes agreed well with the actual fouling. However, the fouling predicted based on 5 kDa membrane was considerably overestimated for both plants due to the low surface porosity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohanad Abunada, Nirajan Dhakal, William Z. Andyar, Yuke Li, Pamela Ajok, Noreddine Ghaffour, Jan C. Schippers, Maria D. Kennedy
Summary: This study aimed to calibrate and validate the MFI-UF method to ensure accurate measurements of particulate fouling in RO. The calibration of MFI-UF using standard particles showed strong linearity for dextran solutions but lack of reproducibility. For polystyrene solutions, MFI-UF linearity was verified at higher ranges but underestimated at lower ranges. Validation of MFI-UF using natural water demonstrated strong linearity over the entire measured range. Further research is needed to calibrate MFI-UF using heterogeneous mixtures of standard particles.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammed Al Namazi, Sheng Li, Noreddine Ghaffour, TorOve Leiknes, Gary Amy
Summary: This study compares three types of organic matter (AOM, BOM, and HOM) in terms of their content, fouling behavior, and removal efficiency in ceramic UF filtration. It found that the 5 kDa membrane removed more transparent exopolymer particles (TEP)/organics than the 50 kDa membrane, but had less fouling formation for all three types of organic matter. The study also revealed that AOM had the highest MFI-UF and TMP values among the three organics and exhibited high fouling potential.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Abdullah H. Alshahri, M. Obaid, Abdullah H. A. Dehwah, Thomas M. Missimer, Muhammad Ali, Noreddine Ghaffour
Summary: This study investigated the effect of different coagulants on the performance of UF membranes in treating seawater with algal blooms. The results showed that using advanced coagulant ferrate (Fe(VI)) before the UF process improved membrane permeability and reduced biofouling. The use of ferrate achieved high removal efficiency for turbidity, TOC, ATP, bacteria, and TEP, and resulted in a thinner fouling layer compared to ferric chloride.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Najat A. Amin, Harun Elcik, Alla Alpatova, Graciela Gonzalez-Gil, Bastiaan Blankert, Nadia Farhat, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Noreddine Ghaffour
Summary: This study explores the efficiency of different cleaning strategies in biofilm removal during seawater membrane distillation (MD). The results showed that chemical cleanings were more effective in removing biofilm, and the post-cleaning permeate conductivities were low, indicating stable membrane performance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adnan Qamar, Sarah Kerdi, Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder, Noreddine Ghaffour
Summary: Optimal spacer design, such as the proposed novel airfoil feed spacer design, plays a crucial role in enhancing filtration performance in spiral-wound modules. The airfoil spacers are found to provide steady-state and uniform flow characteristics, resulting in improved permeate flux, reduced energy consumption, and minimized biofouling development. Controlling the Angle of Attack (AOA) of the airfoil filaments allows for effective control of localized hydrodynamics based on the filtration type and operating conditions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Emad Ali, Jamel Orfi, Hany AlAnsary, Saleh Baakeem, Ahmad S. Alsaadi, Noreddine Ghaffour
Summary: Three different modifications of the reversal multi-stage flash (MSF) plant were proposed and compared. The hybrid MSF and membrane distillation (MD) configuration showed promising results, while the cascaded MSF blocks had different advantages and disadvantages.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sofiane Soukane, Muhammad Saqib Nawaz, M. Obaid, Veerabhadraiah Gudideni, Ali Al-Qahtani, Noreddine Ghaffour
Summary: The development of eco-friendly desalination and water reuse is crucial for securing water resources for future generations. Numerical modeling, specifically the integration of forward osmosis (FO) and membrane distillation (MD), plays a key role in accelerating the design and scale-up of hybrid processes. This study presents an advanced 3D multiscale modeling approach that combines heat and mass transfer calculations with computational fluid dynamics, leading to effective process scale-up evaluation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Emad Ali, Jamel Orfi, Hany Alansary, Saleh Baakeem, Ahmad S. Alsaadi, Noreddine Ghaffour
Summary: This study presents the concept and analysis of integrating membrane distillations with reversal once-through Multistage Flash desalination. The analysis is based on numerical simulation. The results show that integrating MD vessels into the terminal ends of the RV-MSF system can leverage thermal energy and increase the overall production rate. Hybridisation at stage one, by utilizing the energy of the MSF reject brine, has a greater impact on production rate compared to hybridisation at the last MSF stage.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Enas Taha Sayed, M. Obaid, A. G. Olabi, Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem, Muaz Al Radi, Amer Al-Dawoud, Sameer Al-Asheh, Noreddine Ghaffour
Summary: This review summarizes the principles, applications, and future development of capacitive deionization (CDI) technology in wastewater treatment, highlighting the significant advancements in removing various contaminants from water using CDI.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
I. Ihsanullah, Muhammad Bilal, Muhammad Sajid, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Muataz A. Atieh, Noreddine Ghaffour
Summary: This review critically summarizes the successful applications of MXene materials in the separation of oily emulsions. The unique characteristics of MXene materials position them as ideal candidates for oil/water separation applications. The paper evaluates the separation mechanisms, regeneration performance, stability, and durability of MXene-based materials and identifies current challenges and research gaps. Future prospects for advancing MXene-based oil/water separation technology are also presented.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jiawei Hou, Shixuan Guo, Nigel Graham, Wenzheng Yu, Kening Sun, Ting Liu
Summary: A novel 2D composite membrane based on r-HGO and MXene materials was developed, demonstrating exceptional performance for water treatment in terms of permeability, pollutant rejection, and physical stability. The optimization of preparation conditions and material proportions can result in high water flux and efficient removal of pollutants.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Retraction
Engineering, Chemical
Chang Liu, Jinghong Liu, Liang Zhu, Shanfu Tang, Huixin Xiong
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Rui Gao, Caihong Liu, Andreia F. Faria, Qiang He, Chun Yang, Jun Ma
Summary: A novel copolymer architecture has been developed to address biofouling concerns in thin-film composite (TFC) membranes by integrating anti-fouling, bactericidal, and fouling-release functions. The multifunctional membrane demonstrates promising anti-adhesive properties, self-cleaning ability, and high flux recovery rate.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alexander T. Bridge, Noah P. Wamble, Matthew S. Santoso, Joan F. Brennecke, Benny D. Freeman
Summary: This study demonstrates the reproducible preparation of high-flux defect-free asymmetric gas separation membranes using Cyrene(TM) as a majority dope formulation component. By adjusting the volume ratios of Cyrene(TM) and THF, as well as the concentrations of Matrimid(R) and the dry step time, optimal membrane performance is achieved.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alessandra Imbrogno, Han Ya Lin, Babak Minofar, Andrea Iris Schaefer
Summary: In this study, a composite nanofiber membrane containing cross-linked beta-cyclodextrin-epichlorohydrin was prepared and evaluated for the removal of steroid hormones. The results showed that the membrane had high adsorption capacity and the ability to form a specific inclusion complex interaction with the hormones, indicating its potential application in hormone removal.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bora Shin, Jaewon Shin, Yanuar Chandra Wirasembada, Ki Young Park, Jinwoo Cho
Summary: This study develops a mathematical model to estimate the initial flux of volatile fatty acids in the direct contact membrane distillation process. It identifies the parameters affecting the flux and their relationship with pH.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yi-Jui Yeh, Jr Rong Liou, Wei Lin, Kuo-Lun Tung, Wei-Hung Chiang
Summary: This study demonstrates an effective plasma engineering method to create nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot (NGQD)-inorganic nanocomposites for tunable molecular separation. The composite materials show high separation efficiency and controllable nanopore structures, making them potentially valuable for various applications.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Horacio Lopez-Marques, Kristofer L. Gleason, Manuel Aguilar-Vega, Rita Sulub-Sulub, J. Ehren Eichler, Hyeonji Oh, C. Buddie Mullins, Benny D. Freeman, Manish Kumar
Summary: In this study, water transport properties in Carbon Molecular Sieve (CMS) membranes were investigated. It was found that membranes synthesized at different pyrolysis temperatures exhibited varying water permeabilities. Compared to other polymeric materials, CMS membranes showed high water permeability, indicating potential for dehydration applications.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dmitry A. Alentiev, Roman Yu. Nikiforov, Marina A. Rudakova, Danil P. Zarezin, Maxim A. Topchiy, Andrey F. Asachenko, Nikolay A. Belov, Maxim Bermeshev
Summary: A series of new norbornene-type monomers containing linear and branched substituents were synthesized, and robust thin membranes were prepared by vinyl-addition polymerization. Gas separation performance for the synthesized polymers was evaluated, and the structure of substituent side chains was found to significantly affect gas permeability and CO2 facilitated transport.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Yan, Qi Zhang, Ze Zhang, Gui-Jie Li, Yi Jin, Xin-Lin Zhang, Yan-Yun Sun
Summary: In this study, a continuous, stable and fast ion transport channel was established through in-situ guided cross-linking of zinc alginate hydrogels on a porous membrane, overcoming the negative pore effect and effectively inhibiting the dendrite growth of zinc anodes and interfacial side reactions.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yuqing Zhang, Ailing Zhang, Huiyang He, Yuting Fan, Yongjiang Li, Song Wang, Sanxi Li
Summary: The Langmuir-Blodgett self-assembly process is used to create an ordered SPEEK membrane, which enhances the proton conductivity by three times compared to conventional solution casting method.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hasan Ismaeel, David Gibson, Eleonora Ricci, Maria Grazia De Angelis
Summary: In this study, a machine learning-based group contribution method (ML-GC) was developed to predict pure polymer parameters and successfully applied to predict gas solubility and gas solubility isotherms in glassy polymeric membranes. The model showed satisfactory performance on a small dataset, but has the potential to provide more accurate predictions for a wider range of polymers as more data becomes available.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yi Ji, Yu Sun, Huilin Li, Qiang Fu, Yan Zhang
Summary: Previous studies have shown that vibration- or rotation-based techniques can effectively mitigate fouling during membrane filtration. However, it is difficult to incorporate these techniques with spiral wound modules (SWMs) widely used in water and wastewater treatment. This study developed a prototype membrane system to accommodate angular vibrations with a modified SWM, and experimental results showed that applying angular vibrations can effectively control algal fouling in an SWM with lower energy consumption compared to traditional methods.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lakshmeesha Upadhayaya, Abaynesh Yihdego Gebreyohannes, Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, Usman T. Syed, Sandra L. Aristizabal, Radoslaw Gorecki, Suzana P. Nunes
Summary: Increasing temperatures worldwide pose a significant health risk, exacerbated by high humidity. Conventional air conditioners contribute heavily to carbon dioxide emissions, with dehumidification being a major factor. Membrane-based dehumidification system offers energy efficiency and non-toxic water vapor removal. This study demonstrates a membrane dehumidification system with polymeric hollow fibers coated with a green polyphenol coating, showing remarkable water vapor transport rate and selectivity. Long-term testing reveals minimal decline in vapor transport and a 4-5 times higher coefficient of performance (COP) compared to conventional dehumidifiers, making it a highly competitive, energy-saving device with reduced emissions and a smaller footprint.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhengzhong Zhou, Xue Zhu, Yi Yuan, Shaoqiang Wang, Xiaoshan Meng, Taoli Huhe, Qian Wang
Summary: In this study, lignin, a biomass material, was chemically modified and utilized in the interfacial polymerization process to improve the performance of nanofiltration membranes. The modified membranes showed enhanced hydrophilicity and anti-fouling properties, and the optimization of membrane pore size increased permeability. The study also demonstrated the potential application of the membranes in biogas slurry valorization.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2024)
