Selective separation of hydrogen from C1/C2 hydrocarbons and CO2 through dense natural zeolite membranes

Zeolite membranes have been studied for decades, but are not sufficiently robust for widespread practical application. We examine an unusual natural clinoptilolite material which has been compacted over time into crystalline blocks containing essentially no macroporosity. When sectioned, this material behaves as a solid, continuous molecular sieve membrane. Untreated membranes sliced from this dense material were found to have as much as two times higher ideal selectivity for H-2 over CO2 and C-1/C-2 hydrocarbons than would be predicted by Knudsen diffusion. 1.2 mm-thick membrane sections modified by simple hydrothermal treatments and applied to the separation of hydrogen from CO2, CH4, C2H4, and C2H6 demonstrated H-2 permeance as high as 5.2 x 10(-2) mol m(-2) s(-1) Pa-1 combined with ideal selectivities of 57 (H-2/CO2), 22 (H-2/CH4), 98 (H-2/C2H4)and 78 (H-2/C2H6) at 25 degrees C; and 13 (H-2/CO2), 6 (H-2/CH4), 26 (H-2/C2H4)and 12 (H-2/C2H6) at 500 degrees C. These modified natural zeolite membranes were thermally and chemically stable, and their hydrogen permeance was reproducible after multiple temperature cycles. These unique natural zeolite membranes have the potential to be engineered for high-temperature, energy-efficient industrial separation and purification applications including hydrogen separation, and to serve as a model for the development of robust synthetic zeolite membranes with superior separation characteristics. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.