Journal
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD
Volume 14, Issue 9, Pages 1032-1038Publisher
MARY ANN LIEBERT, INC
DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0181
Keywords
atherosclerosis; caneberry; cardiovascular diseases; hypercholesterolemia; hypertriglyceridemia; linoleic acid; linolenic acid; phytosterol; polyunsaturated fatty acids
Funding
- Nebraska Agricultural Research Division
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Unrefined and refined black raspberry seed oils (RSOs) were examined for their lipid-modulating effects in male Syrian hamsters fed high-cholesterol (0.12% g/g), high-fat (9% g/g) diets. Hamsters fed the refined and the unrefined RSO diets had equivalently lower plasma total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in comparison with the atherogenic coconut oil diet. The unrefined RSO treatment group did not differ in liver total and esterified cholesterol from the coconut oil-fed control animals, but the refined RSO resulted in significantly elevated liver total and esterified cholesterol concentrations. The unrefined RSO diets significantly lowered plasma triglycerides (46%; P = .0126) in comparison with the coconut oil diet, whereas the refined RSO only tended to lower plasma triglyceride (29%; P = .1630). Liver triglyceride concentrations were lower in the unrefined (46%; P = .0002) and refined (36%; P = .0005) RSO-fed animals than the coconut oil group, with the unrefined RSO diet eliciting a lower concentration than the soybean oil diet. Both RSOs demonstrated a null or moderate effect on cholesterol metabolism despite enrichment in linoleic acid, significantly lowering HDL cholesterol but not non-HDL cholesterol. Dramatically, both RSOs significantly reduced hypertriglyceridemia, most likely due to enrichment in a-linolenic acid. As a terrestrial source of a-linolenic acid, black RSOs, both refined and unrefined, provide a promising alternative to fish oil supplementation in management of hypertriglyceridemia, as demonstrated in hamsters fed high levels of dietary triglyceride and cholesterol.
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