Article
Immunology
Alicja Sadowska-Klasa, Wendy M. Leisenring, Ajit P. Limaye, Michael Boeckh
Summary: A systematic review of randomized and observational studies from 2013-2023 indicated that antiviral preemptive therapy initiated at cytomegalovirus viral load thresholds between 2 and 3 log10 IU/mL had comparable cytomegalovirus disease rates. Thus, viral thresholds within this range appeared to effectively safeguard patients who did not receive prophylaxis.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Virology
Carlos Solano, Estela Gimenez, Eliseo Albert, Jose L. Pinana, David Navarro
Summary: Letermovir has been approved by the US FDA for prophylaxis of CMV infection in adult allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Real-world experience has validated the clinical trial results, showing that it significantly reduces the risk of CMV infection and improves survival. However, further investigation is needed to address issues such as viral load threshold, impact on CMV-specific T-cell responses, and prevention of LMV-resistant strains.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Carlos Solano de la Asuncion, Estela Gimenez, Juan Carlos Hernandez-Boluda, Maria Jose Terol, Eliseo Albert, Javier Lopez, Valentin Garcia-Gutierrez, Rafael Andreu, Maria Dolores Garcia Malo, Maria Laura Fox, Maria Jose Remigia, Paula Amat, Carlos Solano, David Navarro
Summary: This study investigated the dynamics of Torque Teno virus (TTV) DNA load in hematological patients treated with ibrutinib or ruxolitinib, and its predictive value for the occurrence of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNAemia and CMV-specific T-cell responses. The results showed that TTV DNA load was inversely correlated with absolute lymphocyte count, but it could not predict the occurrence of CMV DNAemia or the level of CMV-specific T-cell reconstitution. Despite the small sample size, further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Maria Grazia Capretti, Concetta Marsico, Angela Chiereghin, Liliana Gabrielli, Arianna Aceti, Tiziana Lazzarotto
Summary: The study demonstrates that QuantiFERON (R)-CMV testing conducted on day 14 and the second month after birth can correlate with clinical manifestations and CMV DNA levels in neonates with cCMV infection. Patients with reactive results are more likely to be asymptomatic and have lower CMV DNAemia.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Nelmary Hernandez-Alvarado, Ryan Shanley, Mark R. Schleiss, Jensina Ericksen, Jenna Wassenaar, Lulua Webo, Katherine Bodin, Katelyn Parsons, Erin A. Osterholm
Summary: The study found that CMV infections are commonly acquired by VLBW infants from seropositive mothers, but these infections are often unrecognized and not promptly diagnosed and treated.
Review
Immunology
Sara Alonso-Alvarez, Enrique Colado, Marco A. Moro-Garcia, Rebeca Alonso-Arias
Summary: The intricate relationship between herpesvirus and humans has evolved over millions of years, resulting in a low level of viral activity due to latency. This balance is disrupted in immunosuppressed patients, particularly those with hematologic disorders. New treatment modalities have shed light on the role of various immune cells and the impact of CMV infection in different patient groups.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Emily R. Webb, Georgia L. Dodd, Michaela Noskova, Esme Bullock, Morwenna Muir, Margaret C. Frame, Alan Serrels, Valerie G. Brunton
Summary: The over-expression of Kindlin-1 in breast cancer is associated with metastasis-free survival, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. This study reveals that Kindlin-1 promotes immune evasion in breast cancer mouse models. Deletion of Kindlin-1 led to tumor regression and reduced tumor infiltrating Tregs, which was associated with increased IL-6 secretion. Conditioned media from Kindlin-1-depleted cells resulted in decreased suppression of CD8(+) T cells by Tregs, dependent on IL-6.
Article
Virology
Gabriella Forner, Alda Saldan, Carlo Mengoli, Sara Pizzi, Marny Fedrigo, Nadia Gussetti, Silvia Visentin, Annalisa Angelini, Erich Cosmi, Luisa Barzon, Davide Antonio Abate
Summary: The present study provides a detailed account of immunological, clinical, and virological events in a pregnant woman with CMV infection and intrauterine transmission. The woman experienced primary CMV infection, showing sustained viremia and viruria, detectable presence of CMV in saliva, and a strong CMV-specific cell-mediated immune response. CMV was found in the amniotic fluid and the pregnancy was interrupted. Histological examinations revealed placental inflammation and fetal brain alterations. This study highlights the rapid and sustained immune response in association with fetal CMV transmission and suggests the role of placental inflammation in congenital CMV infection.
Article
Surgery
Maria Veronica Dioverti, Eric Bhaimia, Zachary A. Yetmar, Dante P. Melendez, Lori Misner, Elaine Beito, Paul J. Deziel, Elitza S. Theel, Raymund R. Razonable
Summary: This study assessed the utility of CMV CMI monitoring in solid organ transplant recipients, finding limited value during prophylaxis but potential usefulness in predicting CMV relapse after treatment.
CLINICAL TRANSPLANTATION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Yunyu Zhang, Biru Li, Botao Ning
Summary: The study aimed to explore the diagnostic performance of IL-6 and IL-10 in distinguishing Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria types and predicting disease severity in ICU hospitalized pediatric sepsis patients. The results showed that IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly elevated in Gram-negative sepsis and their combination indicators were effective in identifying Gram-negative sepsis. However, the differences in IL-6 and IL-10 levels between Gram-positive and Gram-negative sepsis were less significant in patients with progressively deteriorating organ function. IL-6 and IL-10 had a certain diagnostic efficacy in predicting Gram-negative sepsis and NPMODS.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Noe Patrick M'Bondoukwe, Reinne Moutongo, Komi Gbedande, Jacques Mari Ndong Ngomo, Tatiana Hountohotegbe, Rafiou Adamou, Jeanne Vanessa Koumba Lengongo, Kowir Pambou Bello, Denise Patricia Mawili-Mboumba, Adrian John Frederick Luty, Marielle Karine Bouyou-Akotet
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the potential role of co-endemic parasites on malaria susceptibility by comparing cytokine levels and ratios among populations with different parasitic profiles. Results showed higher IL-6 and IL-10 levels and IL-10/TNF-alpha ratio in individuals with Plasmodium falciparum infection. This suggests a potential impact of intestinal protozoa and helminths on antimalarial immunity and susceptibility to malaria.
PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kara S. Cox, Lu Zhang, Daniel C. Freed, Aimin Tang, Shifang Zhang, Yu Zhou, I-Ming Wang, Richard E. Rupp, Stuart P. Adler, Luwy K. Musey, Dai Wang, Kalpit A. Vora, Tong-Ming Fu
Summary: The study analyzed vaccine-induced T cells for memory phenotype, antigen specificity, cytokine profiles, and cytolytic potential using multicolor flow cytometry. The results showed that vaccination elicited polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T cells with predominantly effector phenotype responding to 2 dominant antigens, pp65 and IE1. Analysis of T-cell receptor repertoires demonstrated polyclonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells after vaccination.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Sarah E. Jackson, George X. Sedikides, Veronika Romashova, Georgina Okecha, Ester B. M. Remmerswaal, Frederike J. Bemelman, John H. Sinclair, Mark R. Wills
Summary: In this study, the HCMV-specific IL-10 CD8(+) T-cell responses were described for the first time, demonstrating their broad specificity and the potential immune modulatory role in HCMV latent carriage and periodic reactivation.
Article
Immunology
Jiali Cheng, Jin Huang, Wenyue Cao, Liang Huang, Xia Mao, Liting Chen, Jianfeng Zhou, Na Wang
Summary: CMV infection/reactivation can occur in patients long after receiving anti-CD19/22 CAR-T cell therapy, and induce fatal pneumonia, which reminds us of the late side effects associated with immunosuppression after CAR-T cell infusion.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Carl-Philipp Hackstein, Jasper Spitzer, Konstantinos Symeonidis, Helena Horvatic, Tanja Bedke, Babett Steglich, Sabine Klein, Lisa M. Assmus, Alexandru Odainic, Jennifer Szlapa, Nina Kessler, Marc Beyer, Ricarda Schmithausen, Eicke Latz, Richard A. Flavell, Natalio Garbi, Christian Kurts, Beate M. Kuemmerer, Jonel Trebicka, Axel Roers, Samuel Huber, Susanne V. Schmidt, Percy A. Knolle, Zeinab Abdullah
Summary: Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are more susceptible to viral infections and have a reduced response to vaccination. The study found that liver injury leads to microbial translocation and increased levels of type I interferon (IFN-I), which induces excessive IL-10 production during viral infection, leading to dysfunctional T-cell immunity. Blocking IFN-I and IL-10 signaling can restore antiviral immunity in patients with liver injury.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2023)