Review
Nursing
Georgina Morley, Rosemary Field, Cristie Cole Horsburgh, Christian Burchill
Summary: This study systematically reviewed interventions to mitigate moral distress experienced by healthcare professionals and found that educational interventions and specialist consultations showed some effectiveness in reducing moral distress. However, limitations in study design and methodology were identified, indicating a need for more rigorous research in this area.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING STUDIES
(2021)
Article
Ethics
Merve Mergen, Aslihan Akpinar
Summary: This study conducted an integrative review to analyze various definitions of vulnerability in bioethics literature, proposing a comprehensive taxonomy with two categories (ontological and circumstantial) and three subcategories each. The proposed taxonomy provides a useful multidimensional perspective for assessing vulnerability in bioethics.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Guy Schofield, Mariana Dittborn, Richard Huxtable, Emer Brangan, Lucy Ellen Selman
Summary: This study synthesized evidence about the ethical challenges encountered by specialist palliative care practitioners during clinical practice. Thirteen studies from nine countries were included, highlighting challenges in areas such as applying ethical principles, delivering clinical care, working with families, and engaging with institutional structures and values. The findings emphasize the need to address a broad range of contextual ethical challenges and implications for supporting ethical practice and training practitioners.
PALLIATIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Henri-Corto Stoekle, Achille Ivasilevitch, Christian Herve
Summary: Scientific integrity is a new theory of science morality that seeks to develop common moral frameworks for scientific practices, especially in medicine and biology. The moral values and standards in these fields can change due to societal changes and pressures, and a new teleological ethical theory may be needed to address these tensions.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Martin Kumnig, Sheila G. Jowsey-Gregoire, Elisa J. Gordon, Gabriele Werner-Felmayer
Summary: Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has developed rapidly in recent years, but there are variations in practices and procedures among different centers. Establishing an international multidisciplinary platform for exchanging expertise and developing a standardized ethical framework for psychosocial evaluation and follow-up are important.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nursing
Georgina Morley, Caroline Bradbury-Jones, Jonathan Ives
Summary: This study aims to explore moral distress in nursing practice empirically and conceptually, identifying factors that exacerbate and mitigate it, and constructing a model to represent its constituent parts. Using feminist empirical bioethics and interpretive phenomenology, data from critical care nurses in the UK was collected and analysed, leading to the development of the Moral Distress Model. The model highlights five compounding factors that influence nurses' moral distress experiences, providing insights for interventions to address moral distress.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NURSING
(2022)
Review
Ethics
Magali Goirand, Elizabeth Austin, Robyn Clay-Williams
Summary: The implementation of AI ethics frameworks in healthcare applications presents challenges and complexities, with the need to address ethical principles, design, technology, organizational, and regulatory issues. Strategies such as proactive, contextual, technological, checklist-based, organizational, and evidence-based approaches have been identified, but there is a lack of transparency in how ethics frameworks are implemented in AI-based Healthcare Applications. Interdisciplinary approaches show promise, but there is a need for more reporting and transparency for building trust in AI systems.
SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Dominik Gross, Saskia Wilhelmy
Summary: Ethics in dentistry is becoming increasingly important, contributing to the professionalization of dentists and the public image of the dental profession. Ethical issues arise not only in life-threatening situations, but also in everyday dental practice. Existing ethical structures and initiatives in medicine can be adapted or provide guidance in dental education, clinical practice, and research.
CLINICAL ORAL INVESTIGATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Daniel M. Benjamin, David R. Mandel, Tristan Barnes, Monika K. Krzyzanowska, Natasha Leighl, Ian F. Tannock, Jonathan Kimmelman
Summary: Individual and aggregated expert opinions were found to be unreliable in predicting outcomes of randomized trials in cancer, highlighting the importance of basing decisions on randomized trials rather than expert opinions.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Carlo Petrini, Chiara Mannelli, Luciana Riva, Sabina Gainotti, Gualberto Gussoni
Summary: Decentralized clinical trials (DCTs) reduce or eliminate the need for patients to physically access hospital-based trial sites through the use of digital tools and moving trial activities. DCTs adapt to patients' routines, offer better access and inclusion, and depend on infrastructure, regulatory framework, and partnerships for feasibility and quality.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Ethics
Virginia Sanchini, Roberta Sala, Chris Gastmans
Summary: This study analyzes the meaning, foundations, and uses of vulnerability as an ethical concept in aged care by conducting a systematic review of argument-based ethics literature. The study identifies six dimensions of older adults' vulnerability and suggests three ways to relate to it: understanding, taking care of, and intervening through socio-political-economic measures. The concept of vulnerability overlaps with distinctions used in contemporary bioethics literature and is mostly value-laden, with positive and negative connotations. The focus on aged care reinforces the idea that care is a defining practice of being human.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nada Alyousefi, Aljouhara Alibrahim, Haifaa Taleb, Lama Alotaibi, Leena Alrahmah, Noorah Aldubaib, Shahad Aljebreen, Norah Alrowais, Jamal Aljarallah
Summary: This study found that physicians' moral sensitivity is influenced by various factors such as age, clinical ranking, and specialty. Significant differences were found in dimensions related to moral conflict, relational orientation, and benefit. Physicians who received training in bioethics and worked with clinical ethics committees were more likely to score better in the moral conflict dimension.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medical Ethics
Leslie D. Mcintosh, Cynthia Hudson Vitale
Summary: This study analyzes the expertise, conflicts of interest, and objectivity of editors, authors, and peer reviewers involved in a special journal issue on fertility, pregnancy, and mental health. The study reveals undisclosed conflicts of interest among some authors, editors, and peer reviewers, which compromises objectivity. The lack of transparency undermines the peer review process and allows for biased research and dissemination of misinformation.
ACCOUNTABILITY IN RESEARCH-ETHICS INTEGRITY AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Debjani Mukherjee, Preya S. Tarsney, Kristi L. Kirschner
Summary: The problem of ableism and unexamined assumptions about people with disabilities persists in the field of bioethics, leading to biased healthcare decisions and a lack of consideration for the lives of disabled individuals. Solutions need to be found at the individual, interpersonal, and structural levels to address this issue seriously.
HASTINGS CENTER REPORT
(2022)
Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Anto Cartolovni, Ana Tomicic, Elvira Lazic Mosler
Summary: This comprehensive review highlights the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of AI in healthcare. It identifies key issues surrounding AI algorithms, physicians, patients, and healthcare in general, including patient safety, algorithmic transparency, lack of regulation, liability and accountability. While AI shows potential in improving patient care, it is important to address the complex ELSI concerns before implementation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2022)