Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yue Zhong, Yonggang Qi, Yulia Gryaditskaya, Honggang Zhang, Yi-Zhe Song
Summary: This paper investigates generating 3D shapes from professional 2D sketches using deep learning for the first time, targeting sketches by professional artists and introducing bespoke designs within a deep adversarial network to tackle the challenges of human sketch imprecision and figure/ground ambiguity. A large-scale dataset of professional sketches paired with reference 3D shapes was collected, and the effectiveness of the method was demonstrated both qualitatively and quantitatively.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Luke M. Healy, Sameera Zia, Jason R. Plemel
Summary: High dimensional single-cell analysis like sc/snRNAseq is widely used to explore microglia diversity, with findings of cellular heterogeneity being common, emphasizing the importance of a clear understanding of microglia heterogeneity in mitigating confusion among researchers.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gennaro D'Amico, Mauro Bernardi, Paolo Angeli
Summary: There is a consensus that clinical complications indicate the transition from compensated to decompensated cirrhosis. Decompensation significantly worsens patient prognosis and is a key factor in predicting mortality. Decompensated cirrhosis can follow two distinct pathways: acute and non-acute, with acute decompensation often representing further deterioration.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geography
Sara Brune, Whitney Knollenberg, Carla Barbieri, Kathryn Stevenson
Summary: Despite the lack of unified definition of local food, this study suggests that defining it based on specific locality is the most appropriate approach. The study also highlights the emerging shared understanding among consumers, which should be considered in policy making, marketing, and research efforts.
JOURNAL OF RURAL STUDIES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Jing Xie, Yi-Chun Lu
Summary: Conjugated sulfonamides, as cathodes, have high redox potentials and exceptional atmospheric stability, providing a sustainable alternative to traditional inorganic materials used in commercial lithium-ion batteries.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Chloe Baillou, Florence Jacomet, Thomas Dejoie, Pierre Lureau, Clement Beuvon, Aurelie Grados, Pauline Martins, Pascal Roblot, Mathieu Puyade, Mickael Martin
Summary: This study aimed to define the threshold for polyclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia (PH) and found that the threshold was 18.9 g/L based on a retrospective multicentric study. However, this threshold is only biologically defined and further prospective studies are needed to validate its association with clinically active diseases.
POSTGRADUATE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ankur Tiwari, Tamas Oravecz, Laura A. A. Dillon, Antoine Italiano, Laurent Audoly, Wolf Herve Fridman, Guy Travis Clifton
Summary: The distribution pattern of immune cells in solid tumors is an important predictor for disease progression and response to immunotherapy. However, there is a lack of consistency and clinically relevant cut-offs in defining immune exclusion. Therefore, it is necessary to develop consistent definitions and apply them in clinical trials.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Hematology
Donald M. Arnold, Bianca Clerici, Ekaterina Ilicheva, Waleed Ghanima
Summary: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder with immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and bleeding risk. Some patients are considered refractory to treatment, but the meaning of 'refractory' has become ambiguous. Experts proposed a new definition for refractory ITP, and initial data from registries showed a range of refractory patients.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF HAEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Shlomi Steinberg, Pradeep Sen, Ling-Qi Yan
Summary: This paper presents a novel framework for physical light transport, which accurately represents the wave nature of light and achieves precise rendering of wave-interference and diffraction effects in complex scenes. By introducing new rendering primitives and a wave BSDF, along with an approach for importance sampling, the efficiency of rendering is improved, approaching that of classical rendering methods.
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON GRAPHICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Anna Rada, Christian G. Bien
Summary: Seizures resulting from cerebral autoimmunity can be either symptomatic in the context of autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) with neural surface antibodies or indicative of an enduring predisposition to seizures, known as autoimmune encephalitis-associated epilepsy (AEAE). AEAE can be diagnosed in cases where seizures persist for at least 2 years after immunotherapy initiation, no signs of encephalitis are observed on imaging, cerebrospinal fluid cell count is normal, and antibody titers decrease substantially. The distinction between AIE and AEAE has practical consequences for treatment and social limitations.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Alejandro Medina, Carlos Perez-Vicente, Ricardo Alcantara
Summary: The development of rechargeable magnesium batteries as potential alternatives to lithium batteries requires a balance between electrode material selection, theoretical calculations, and experimental results to achieve optimal battery performance.
Article
Education & Educational Research
Aidan O'Neill
Summary: This paper discusses the importance of definitions in academic discussion and examines the inconsistent terminology used to describe e-learning. It analyzes 15 unique definitions of e-learning used by academic authors since 2011 and proposes a functional definition that includes essential elements and eliminates non-essential elements.
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Mohammad Y. M. Naser, Sylvia Bhattacharya
Summary: The use of brain signals in controlling wheelchairs shows promise for disabled individuals with motor neuron diseases. However, its applicability is currently limited to laboratory environments. This study provides a systematic review of the state-of-the-art models and identifies the challenges hindering widespread adoption of this technology, as well as the latest research trends in each area.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL SYSTEMS AND REHABILITATION ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fiona E. Newman Thacker, Marc Castellnou Ribau, Harm Bartholomeus, Cathelijne R. R. Stoof
Summary: The concept of fire resilience, particularly in the context of fire resilient landscapes, has gained increasing attention as society seeks to understand and coexist with wildfires. However, the lack of an integrated definition has hindered comprehensive research in this area. Based on a synthesis of literature and input from scientists and practitioners, a common definition for fire resilient landscapes is proposed as "a socio-ecological system that accepts the presence of fire, whilst preventing significant losses through landscape management, community engagement and effective recovery." This definition can guide policy development and practical implementation of fire resilient landscapes, as demonstrated through its application in Mediterranean and temperate Europe.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Hafsa Chbaly, Daniel Forgues, Samia Ben Rajeb
Summary: Improving project definition practices by understanding client needs and enhancing communication between architects and clients can increase client value generation and achieve better project performance in terms of environmental and social sustainability.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bjorn Hofmann, Lynette Reid, Stacy Carter, Wendy Rogers
Summary: The complexity of overdiagnosis can be analyzed and addressed through the perspectives of the person, the professional, and the population. Individuals are informed about overdiagnosis based on population-based estimates, which are influenced by professionals' conceptions and models of disease. Reconciling these different perspectives is crucial for effectively informing individuals about overdiagnosis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Surgery
Arsenio Paez, Maroeska Rovers, Katrina Hutchison, Wendy Rogers, Baptiste Vasey, Peter McCulloch
Summary: The aim of this study was to develop an evidence-based framework for evaluation of therapeutic devices, based on ethical principles and clinical evidence considerations. A sequential decision-making algorithm was developed to determine when a randomized controlled trial (RCT) should be conducted to evaluate new therapeutic devices and when alternative methods can be used.
Article
Ethics
Wendy A. Rogers, Heather Draper, Stacy M. Carter
Summary: This study conducts an ethical evaluation of two specific healthcare AI applications and explores whether general AI-assisted healthcare ethical principles capture the most ethically relevant aspects from the perspective of healthcare ethics. The results identify ethical challenges associated with potentially deceptive promises, lack of patient and public involvement in healthcare AI development and deployment, and inadequate attention to the impact of AIs on healthcare relationships.
Review
Ethics
Yves Saint James Aquino, Wendy A. Rogers, Jackie Leach Scully, Farah Magrabi, Stacy M. Carter
Summary: This article critically compares guidelines for allocating scarce resources during the COVID-19 pandemic, finding that most guidelines primarily use consequentialist reasoning in decision-making with a pluralistic approach. While medical and social criteria are considered, challenges exist in reconciling competing criteria, internal contradictions within guidelines, and use of naive objectivism in applying medical criteria for allocation.
HEALTH CARE ANALYSIS
(2022)
Letter
Ethics
Wendy A. Rogers, Heather Draper, Stacy M. Carter
Article
Ethics
Brette Blakely, Wendy Rogers, Jane Johnson, Quinn Grundy, Katrina Hutchison, Robyn Clay-Williams, Bernadette Richards, Guy Maddern
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the development and deployment of medical devices, particularly in terms of medical device regulations and the operations of device representatives in hospitals. The rapid amendments to medical device regulations have raised ethical concerns due to the lack of discussion on exiting crisis standards and the potential reduction in evidence standards. The disruption caused by the pandemic has provided an opportunity to examine and refine the practices of device representatives in hospitals.
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
J. A. C. Q. U. E. L. I. N. E. DALZIELL, W. E. N. D. Y. ROGERS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE
(2022)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baptiste Vasey, Myura Nagendran, Bruce Campbell, David A. Clifton, Gary S. Collins, Spiros Denaxas, Alastair K. Denniston, Livia Faes, Bart Geerts, Mudathir Ibrahim, Xiaoxuan Liu, Bilal A. Mateen, Piyush Mathur, Melissa D. McCradden, Lauren Morgan, Johan Ordish, Campbell Rogers, Suchi Saria, Daniel S. W. Ting, Peter Watkinson, Wim Weber, Peter Wheatstone, Peter McCulloch
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Paul Formosa, Wendy Rogers, Yannick Griep, Sarah Bankins, Deborah Richards
Summary: This research explores the issue of dignity in healthcare decision-making when AI is used, and finds that individuals have a preference for human decision-makers and positive outcomes. The identity of the decision-maker is more important in diagnostic cases, while the outcomes are more important in resource allocation cases. Participants perceive AI as dehumanizing and view humans as more suitable decision-makers.
COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yves Saint James Aquino, Wendy A. Rogers, Annette Braunack-Mayer, Helen Frazer, Khin Than Win, Nehmat Houssami, Christopher Degeling, Christopher Semsarian, Stacy M. Carter
Summary: This study examines the issue of deskilling due to healthcare artificial intelligence (AI) from the perspective of professional stakeholders involved in the development and regulation of AI. The findings reveal diverse views on the extent of AI-enabled automation in healthcare work, the impact of AI on clinical skills, and the different models of healthcare work. The study highlights the importance of considering the perspectives of various stakeholders in decision-making regarding AI development and deployment in healthcare.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Ethics
Yves Saint James Aquino, Stacy M. Carter, Nehmat Houssami, Annette Braunack-Mayer, Khin Than Win, Chris Degeling, Lei Wang, Wendy A. Rogers
Summary: This study examines strategies to mitigate algorithmic bias in healthcare AI and investigates the question of responsibility for bias. The findings reveal divergent views on bias as a problem, strategies to mitigate bias, and whether to include sociocultural identifiers in AI development. The study suggests interdisciplinary collaboration, tailored engagement activities, empirical studies, participatory methods, and increased diversity and inclusion as potential responses.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ETHICS
(2023)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Alain Braillon, Wendy A. Rogers
MEDICAL JOURNAL OF AUSTRALIA
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Stacy M. Carter, Lucy Carolan, Yves Saint James Aquino, Helen Frazer, Wendy A. Rogers, Julie Hall, Chris Degeling, Annette Braunack-Mayer, Nehmat Houssami
Summary: This article explores women's values regarding the use of AI in mammographic screening for breast cancer. Although women recognize the potential of AI, they emphasize the importance of human presence in screening systems and have high expectations for AI performance. To meet women's expectations, screening programs should delay AI implementation until there is strong evidence of its improvement, maintain the central role of human expertise and responsibility, and avoid exacerbating inequities.
Article
Law
Bernadette Richards, Susannah Sage Jacobson, Mianna Lotz, Wendy Rogers
Summary: The introduction of new medical technologies has led to the development of highly technical medical devices. Medical device representatives (MDRs) play a vital role in guiding healthcare providers, but their involvement is often unknown to the patients. This paper focuses on the knowledge gap regarding the role of MDRs and proposes regulation and policy responses to address the trust issues they may pose.
LAW TECHNOLOGY AND HUMANS
(2022)
Letter
Surgery
Ashley Baquero, David H. Beyda, Maria Fiatarone Singh, Glynn Gilcrease, Joseph E. Gutierrez, Jacob Lavee, David Matas, Norbert Paul, Bernadette Richards, Matthew P. Robertson, Wendy Rogers, Raymond Scalettar, Michael Shapiro, Adnan Sharif, Alexander H. Toledo, Torsten Trey