Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Dan-Andrei Serban, Emanoil Linul
Summary: This paper investigates the compression-compression fatigue behavior of polyurethane rigid foams of different relative densities. The stress-strain characteristics and yield stresses in compression were obtained through preliminary tensile and compression tests. It was found that a collapse of a region of the specimens was the failure mechanism during fatigue. The compression-compression fatigue curves showed similar behavior for foams with relative densities of 0.0854 and 0.1239, while the foam with a relative density of 0.2564 exhibited the lowest fatigue strength and had a curve characterized by two regions.
ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei Wang, Dong Wang, Bihua Xia, Ting Li, Yang Wang, Xuhui Zhang, Huiyu Bai, Mingqing Chen, Weifu Dong
Summary: In this study, biopolyols derived from dextrin and glycerol were prepared and used in rigid polyurethane foam to reduce the use of petrochemical resources. The foam based on dextrin and glycerol showed higher mechanical properties and biodegradability, as well as better self-extinguishing performance during combustion.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
K. B. Bhagavathula, C. S. Meredith, S. Ouellet, S. S. Satapathy, D. L. Romanyk, J. D. Hogan
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the combined influence of density, microstructure, and strain rate on the compressive stress-strain response of polymeric foams. Through quantifying microstructural parameters and conducting experiments at different strain rates, the results showed that mechanical properties exhibited power-law relationships with strain rate across all densities.
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Esther Rincon, Alina M. Balu, Rafael Luque, Luis Serrano
Summary: This study produced a natural polyol from laurel tree pruning waste for polyurethane foam production, with promising mechanical and thermal properties. The addition of bio-polyol improved foam properties, with the best results achieved at 50% polyol substitution. Laurel derived polyol shows potential for use in insulation materials in the construction industry when combined with MDI.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tamara Calvo-Correas, Lorena Ugarte, Izaskun Larraza, Cristina Pena-Rodriguez, M. Angeles Corcuera, Arantxa Eceiza
Summary: The study found that adding polyurethane powder at low contents did not significantly alter the final properties of the foam, but instead increased the foam's ability to retain carbon fillers. The compressive properties of the hybrid foams were unaffected by the addition of graphite and graphene. Additionally, the hybrid composites showed selective absorption capacity, maintaining the hydrophobic nature of the foams while providing oil absorption capacity.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Foad Rahimidehgolan, William Altenhof
Summary: Polymeric foams are widely used in various industries due to their excellent thermal and mechanical properties. However, their dynamic material characterization is crucial for safe and optimum design, especially in the transportation industry where large deformation at high loading rates can occur. The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus is commonly used for experimental investigations, but there are challenges in testing foams. Developing new or modifying current dynamic testing apparatuses remains an open challenge.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Federica Recupido, Giuseppe C. Lama, Mario Ammendola, Ferdinando De Luca Bossa, Andrea Minigher, Pietro Campaner, Angela Gala Morena, Tzanko Tzanov, Mariana Ornelas, Ana Barros, Filipa Gomes, Veronica Bouca, Regina Malgueiro, Monica Sanchez, Eva Martinez, Luigi Sorrentino, Laura Boggioni, Massimo Perucca, Sridhar Anegalla, Roberta Marzella, Pierluigi Moimare, Letizia Verdolotti
Summary: This paper presents a cradle-to-factory approach for a bio-based polyurethane foam (PUR) solution. Designed bio-based rigid PURs have gained attention in green construction sector as a replacement for synthetic counterparts. In this work, functionalized hemp fibers and silica powders were used as reactive fillers to enhance the properties of the PURs. The effect of the filler's chemistry on the foam properties was investigated and a Life Cycle Assessment was performed to evaluate their environmental impact.
Article
Polymer Science
Simona Losio, Angelica Cifarelli, Adriano Vignali, Simona Tomaselli, Fabio Bertini
Summary: In this study, bio-polyols with high hydroxyl number, narrow polydispersity index, and low molecular mass were synthesized from partially and completely epoxidized soybean and linseed oils and caprylic acid or 3-phenyl butyric acid. These bio-polyols were used to produce polyurethane foams, which showed superior mechanical properties compared to reference foams. The novel synthesized polyurethane materials could be potential replacements for petroleum-based materials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Katarzyna Uram, Maria Kuranska, Jacek Andrzejewski, Aleksander Prociak
Summary: This study successfully prepared biochar-modified rigid polyurethane foams as thermal insulation materials. The introduction of biochar caused changes in foam cell shape and enhanced the dimensional and thermal stability of the foams. Additionally, the filler-containing systems exhibited reduced apparent densities while maintaining thermal conductivity.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lorenleyn de la Hoz Alford, Camila Gomes Pecanha de Souza, Sidnei Paciornik, Jose Roberto M. d'Almeida, Brenno Santos Leite, Harold C. Avila, Fabien Leonard, Giovanni Bruno
Summary: Two biopolyol-based foams derived from banana leaves or stems were characterized for their compression mechanical behavior and 3D microstructure. They developed a methodology of image acquisition, processing, and analysis to discriminate the foam cells and measure their numbers, volumes, and shapes. The compression behaviors of the two foams were similar, but the average cell volume was larger for the foam derived from stems. The number of cells increased with compression while the average cell volume decreased. Cell shapes did not change with compression, suggesting the possibility of cell collapse. This study provides insights into the potential use of biopolyol-based foams as green alternatives to petrol-based foams.
Article
Polymer Science
Branka Music, Natasa Knez, Janez Bernard
Summary: This study investigates the influence of two flame retardants on polyurethane foam (PUR) systems, focusing on their thermal and mechanical properties. The results show that the flame retardants significantly improve the fire resistance of the PUR systems without affecting thermal conductivity, and only slightly decreasing the mechanical properties. These findings suggest that the presented systems can be applied as thermal insulation where both low heat conductivity and high flame resistance are required.
Article
Polymer Science
Izotz Amundarain, Rafael Miguel-Fernandez, Asier Asueta, Sara Garcia-Fernandez, Sixto Arnaiz
Summary: This study investigates the preparation and characteristics of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) synthesized from polyols obtained by glycolysis of post-industrial waste RPUFs. The results show that the partial substitution of commercial polyols with recycled polyols increases the reactivity of the foaming process and improves the compressive properties and modulus values of the foams.
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Youcai Xiao, Jinglu Yin, Xiaowei Zhang, Xin An, Yanyi Xiong, Yi Sun
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical response of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) under different strain rates and densities. The results indicate that the static compressive behavior of RPUF is significantly influenced by density and strain rate, while the dynamic compressive behavior is mainly determined by density. The effect of strain rate is not significant at higher strain rates. The elastic modulus, compressive strength, and yield stress of RPUF increase with density. The experimental results show that the compressive strength is enhanced under high strain rate loading compared to quasi-static loading. The variation in energy absorption and efficiency with respect to RPUF density is studied, and the typical damage mechanisms of RPUF with different densities are investigated using scanning electron microscopy.
Article
Polymer Science
Aleksander Prociak, Michal Kucala, Maria Kuranska, Mateusz Barczewski
Summary: This study modified rigid polyurethane foams using two types of bio-polyols based on rapeseed oil and evaluated their effect on the cell structure and properties of the foams. The results showed that the bio-polyols improved the foam's cellular structure but had little effect on its physical and mechanical properties.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chengming Yang, Guilong Wang, Aimin Zhang, Jinchuan Zhao, Zhaorui Xu, Shuai Li, Guoqun Zhao
Summary: This study investigates the use of mixed CO2 and N2 as co-blowing agents in microcellular foaming to control the shrinking behavior of HDl-based TPU foams. The results show that the stretching degree of the molecular chain and the solubility of co-blowing agents are crucial for stabilizing TPU foams. Foams with an expansion ratio of up to 16-fold can be prepared with both pure CO2 and co-blowing agents, while the shrinkage ratio of TPU foams prepared with co-blowing agents is significantly lower than those prepared with pure CO2. The mechanical properties of TPU foams with smaller shrinkage ratios are found to be higher than those with larger initial expansion ratios.
JOURNAL OF CO2 UTILIZATION
(2023)