Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Lingrong Kong, Yu Wang, Xin Lei, Chao Feng, Zhiqiao Wang
Summary: This paper presents the integral modeling process of abrasive water jet micro-machining (AWJM), connecting the three-phase fluid dynamics model inside the nozzle with the surface evolution model by theoretically calculating the jet erosive efficacy distribution. Several improvements over previously presented models, such as taking into account the divergence angle of abrasive particles and the effect of the nonuniform distribution of each phase on the jet erosive efficacy, have been made in this study. The model successfully predicted the surface evolution of micro-channel profiles in 316L stainless steel and 6061-T6 aluminium, showing that the erosive efficacy of 6061-T6 is two orders of magnitude higher than that of 316L.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shu Wang, Dong Hu, Fengling Yang, Peng Lin
Summary: Abrasive waterjet (AWJ) technology faces the issue of kerf taper during processing, affecting processing accuracy. This study finds that kerf taper is most influenced by cutting speed and material thickness, with water pressure and abrasive flow having minimal impact.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andrea Deaconescu, Tudor Deaconescu
Summary: Abrasive waterjet machining shows high potential for stainless steel processing, focusing on optimizing the main influencing factors for minimal surface roughness. Intervening on input quantities and utilizing response surface methodology can efficiently determine the combination of factor set points for achieving desired surface finish.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Zhang, Di Ouyang, Simon Pauly, Lin Liu
Summary: Bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) as metallic materials without long-range order have attracted significant attention from academia and industry in the past three decades. The emerging 3D printing technology provides a viable route to overcome the challenges inherent in conventional processing routes and expand the applications of BMGs.
MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING R-REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Libor M. Hlavac, Massimiliano P. G. Annoni, Irena M. Hlavacova, Francesco Arleo, Francesco Vigano, Adam Stefek
Summary: Monitoring the abrasive waterjet (AWJ) cutting processes is becoming more necessary as the tool is increasingly used in machining operations. An investigation into the tangential-to-normal force ratio (TNR) in relation to different cutting conditions yielded three theorems, showing the TNR's strong correlation with traverse speed ratio, cutting-to-deformation wear ratio, and cutting head tilting angle. Experimental data supported the assertion that tilting the cutting head increases TNR, making the cutting process more efficient.
Article
Agronomy
Francesco Perotti, Massimiliano Annoni, Aldo Calcante, Michele Monno, Valerio Mussi, Roberto Oberti
Summary: The laboratory investigation focused on the abrasive waterjet cutting of wheat straws, identifying key parameters influencing cutting efficiency and establishing a relationship model between cutting efficiency and jet power. The study revealed that a small amount of abrasive powder can enhance cutting capability while reducing required hydraulic power, showing potential value for no-tillage agricultural operations.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer Milaor Llanto, Majid Tolouei-Rad, Ana Vafadar, Muhammad Aamir
Summary: Abrasive water jet machining is widely used for cutting various materials, especially challenging ones like metals. Understanding the system behind its cutting process and the significance of parameters is crucial for its effective utilization. This review of recent trends aims to enhance comprehension of the application of abrasive waterjet cutting and its future research and development for precise cutting operations in metal fabrication sectors.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
H. Zhang, Z. Wang, H. J. Yang, X. H. Shi, P. K. Liaw, J. W. Qiao
Summary: Based on microscopic mechanisms, a constitutive equation for crack-like propagation velocity and a flow model for bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) are derived. The model explains the fundamental deformation of BMGs and accurately predicts the transition between serrated and non-serrated flows. The results are consistent with experimental data, providing a theoretical basis for plastically processing BMGs.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Limin Lai, Tianhao Liu, Xinghong Cai, Min Wang, Shengbiao Zhang, Wen Chen, Shengfeng Guo
Summary: The study introduces a series of low-cost refractory Mo-Co-B BMGs with enhanced GFA and high thermal stability, exhibiting exceptional hardness and Young's modulus.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jianfeng Chen, Yemin Yuan, Hang Gao, Tianyi Zhou
Summary: A model for the effective depth of cut in abrasive waterjet cutting technology is proposed based on the Gaussian distribution of the cut profile curve. The model is established using the material removal mechanism and single particle erosion theory. Experimental analysis shows that the model is strongly correlated with the experimental data, with an average difference of 6.46% for the effective depth of cut. This model can predict the effective depth of cut for different cutting parameters and has significant industrial value.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tianding Xu, Xiao-Dong Wang, Eric M. Dufresne, Yang Ren, Qingping Cao, Dongxian Zhang, Jian-Zhong Jiang
Summary: Anomalous fast atomic dynamics were discovered in a metallic glass with good glass forming ability, mainly attributed to the increased mobility of Cu atoms by Ag addition, leading to the formation of structural heterogeneity at the atomic level.
MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Birte Riechers, Catherine Ott, Saurabh Mohan Das, Christian H. Liebscher, Konrad Samwer, Peter M. Derlet, Robert Maass
Summary: Using spatially resolved elastic property mapping, this study demonstrates the existence of a 100 nm elastic decorrelation length in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass. The long-range elastic modulations are believed to result from structural variations during solidification, rather than chemical phase separation. This research is important for understanding the microstructure of metallic glasses.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Y. S. Luo, J. J. Li, Z. Wang, M. Zhang, J. W. Qiao
Summary: Based on a simple mean-field model, two distinct types of slip avalanches in serrated plastic flows of bulk metallic glasses were identified to differentiate the slipping modes of shear bands under various strain rates. Small avalanches propagate progressively, while large avalanches follow a simultaneous propagation. By defining a weakening parameter and critical size, researchers were able to characterize the completely disparate shearing modes, with larger weakening and lower critical sizes indicating more activated shear transformation zones, offering a new method to explore plasticity in bulk metallic glasses.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Electrochemistry
Cheng Guo, Bo Wu, Bin Xu, Shiyun Wu, Jun Shen, Xiaoyu Wu
Summary: The study explored the application of microsecond pulse ECM of Zr-based BMGs in NaNO3-EG electrolyte to overcome the limitations of traditional salt water-based electrolytes. The results showed that pulse parameters have a significant impact on surface quality and groove profile, and NaNO3-EG electrolyte can reduce pitting corrosion and provide smooth surfaces.
JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Ceramics
Zeinab Savaedi, Reza Motallebi, Hamed Mirzadeh, Mehdi Malekan
Summary: Thermoforming in the supercooled liquid region can achieve high strain-rate-sensitivity and superplastic ductility. Incipient deformation-induced crystallization and stress-assisted free volume change lead to a transition from Newtonian to non-Newtonian flow. Factors such as heating rate, processing time, and the extent of the supercooled liquid region significantly affect the structural stability. Increasing the deformation temperature enhances superplastic behavior, but high temperatures may promote crystallization and loss of superplastic ductility. Future research directions include optimizing the structure and preparation methods of metal glass-based composites and improving thermoplastic formability.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mihai Stoica, Baran Sarac, Florian Spieckermann, Jonathan Wright, Christoph Gammer, Junhee Han, Petre F. Gostin, Juergen Eckert, Joerg F. Loeffler
Summary: The study demonstrates that X-ray diffraction computed nanotomography can provide accurate details of the internal structure of metallic glasses, which is of great significance for the research of metallic materials at the nanoscale.
Article
Physics, Applied
Leonardo Pierobon, Robin E. Schaublin, Andras Kovacs, Stephan S. A. Gerstl, Alexander Firlus, Urs Wyss, Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski, Michalis Charilaou, Jorg F. Loffler
Summary: The microstructure of different Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr) alloys has been found to significantly influence the magnetic performance, affecting magnetic domain size, density, and forming different micromagnetic spin structures. Factors such as Cu concentration, cell-wall density, and Z-phase platelet thickness impact the coercivity. Detailed guidelines are provided for improving the design of Sm(Co, Fe, Cu, Zr) magnets based on atomic to nanoscale microstructural effects on magnetic performance.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
I Basu, M. Chen, J. Wheeler, R. E. Schaeublin, J. F. Loeffler
Summary: Experimental study on magnesium alloy ZX10 with lean additions of Zn and Ca reveals significant strengthening and plasticity enhancement through deformation twinning and multiple dislocation activation. The minute additions of Zn and Ca solutes modify the intrinsic stacking-fault energy, leading to the design of high-strength, highly ductile magnesium alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Severin Kuechler, Vladimir Vojtech, Stephan S. A. Gerstl, Robin E. Schaeublin, Joerg F. Loeffler
Summary: Binary Fe-Cr alloys are model alloys for ferritic steels proposed as structural materials for future fusion reactors. Through investigating the degradation mechanisms induced by heat and irradiation, the phase decomposition and hardness changes of Fe-Cr alloys were studied. The relationship between alloy strength and the α' structure was found, showing that this type of hardening is a general mechanism for mature systems, independent of the nominal alloy composition.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Martina Cihova, Eike Muller, Yashoda Chandorkar, Kerstin Thorwarth, Giuseppino Fortunato, Katharina Maniura-Weber, Jorg F. Loffler, Markus Rottmar
Summary: The study demonstrates that an amorphous metal based on palladium shows substantial thrombogenic resistance compared to a state-of-the-art titanium alloy, reducing platelet activation and delaying fibrin formation in contact with human whole blood. However, it also promotes platelet spreading, challenging the traditional view that spreading equals activation. Mechanistic analysis reveals changes in adhered fibrinogen and modified alpha(IIb)beta(3) integrin expression as factors underlying the superior performance of Pd glass in direct blood-contact applications. Structural, thermophysical, and physicochemical characterization further supports the potential of Pd-based glass as a promising bulk material for blood-contacting devices without the need for additional coatings.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander Firlus, Mihai Stoica, Stefan Michalik, Robin E. Schaeublin, Joerg F. Loeffler
Summary: The Invar effect in Fe-based bulk metallic glasses is widely observed, but its manifestation at the atomic scale is not well understood. In this study, in-situ X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the structural transformations of two bulk metallic glasses, revealing that the Invar effect is consistent with macroscopic thermal expansion and correlated with Fe-Fe pair distance.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
R. E. Schaublin, M. Becker, M. Cihova, S. S. A. Gerstl, D. Deiana, C. Hebert, S. Pogatscher, P. J. Uggowitzer, J. F. Loffler
Summary: The impact of Zn and Ca on the microstructure of lean Mg-Zn-Ca alloys was investigated. The precipitation of binary and ternary precipitates was observed at different temperatures. Hardness testing revealed that GP zones were the most effective factor in hardening.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V. Vojtech, M. Charilaou, A. Kovacs, A. Firlus, S. S. A. Gerstl, R. E. Dunin-Borkowski, J. F. Loeffler, R. E. Schaeublin
Summary: The Fe-Cr alloy system can undergo phase separation and embrittlement when exposed to elevated temperatures and radiation, affecting its magnetic properties. By studying the microstructural decomposition induced by annealing, it is found that increasing annealing time leads to increased hardness, magnetic saturation, and coercivity.
Article
Physics, Applied
Alexander Firlus, Juergen E. K. Schawe, Peter G. Weidler, Michalis Charilaou, Joerg F. Loeffler, Andreas U. Gehring
Summary: The monosulfides of the pyrrhotite omission series are important remanence carriers for paleomagnetic reconstruction, and this study reveals the occurrence of intergrown long-range ordered polytypes and a third constituent that exhibits spin-glass behavior.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Crystallography
Julie Soderlind, Aiden A. Martin, Nicholas P. Calta, Philip J. DePond, Jenny Wang, Bey Vrancken, Robin E. Schaeublin, Indranil Basu, Vivek Thampy, Anthony Y. Fong, Andrew M. Kiss, Joel M. Berry, Aurelien Perron, Johanna Nelson Weker, Kevin H. Stone, Christopher J. Tassone, Michael F. Toney, Anthony Van Buuren, Joerg F. Loeffler, Subhash H. Risbud, Manyalibo J. Matthews
Summary: This study investigates the laser-material interaction and microstructure of magnesium-based alloy WE43 under laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) conditions. The results reveal the characteristics of melt-pool dynamics, pore formation, and microstructure under different laser parameters, providing critical information for the successful implementation of LPBF-produced WE43 implants in biomedical applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kan Ma, Brigitte Decamps, Liangzhao Huang, Robin E. Schaublin, Jorg F. Loffler, Anna Fraczkiewicz, Maylise Nastar, Frederic Prima, Marie Loyer-Prost
Summary: Micro-alloying significantly affects the incubation period of void swelling in face-centered cubic materials. The mechanism relating to the formation of dislocation loops is still unclear. This study uses pure Ni, Ni-0.4wt.%Cr, and Ni-0.4/0.8/1.2wt.%Ti as model materials to investigate the solute effects on loop evolution during early-stage irradiation. Experimental techniques including in-situ transmission electron microscopy and ex-situ irradiation are employed to study the characteristics of dislocation loops. The results show that a small amount of Ti increases loop density, while reducing loop mobility and stacking fault energy. It also stabilizes self-interstitial loops depending on Ti content and temperature.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
William A. Lackington, Romy Wiestner, Elena Pradervand, Peter Schweizer, Flavia Zuber, Qun Ren, Mihai Stoica, Joerg F. Loeffler, Markus Rottmar
Summary: This study examines the influence of surface chemistry of palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and titanium (Ti)-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) on their response to biological systems. The chemical composition of BMGs significantly affects their physical and chemical properties, with Pd-based BMGs showing exceptional glass-forming ability and all BMGs having a lower Young's modulus than Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64). The surface chemistry of BMGs remains stable and supports blood biocompatibility, and they outperform Ti64 in promoting mineralization of human bone progenitor cells and exerting antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, indicating their potential as biomaterials for musculoskeletal applications.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
R. K. Singh Raman, Cuie Wen, Joerg F. Loeffler
Summary: Magnesium, zinc, or iron alloys without toxic elements are attractive as construction materials for biodegradable implants. The synergistic effects of mechanical stress and corrosive human body fluid can lead to sudden and catastrophic fractures of bioimplants, such as stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue. However, there has been limited investigation into SCC and CF of zinc-based implants. This article provides an overview of the challenges, research needs, and future directions in understanding SCC and CF of zinc alloys in human body fluid.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Alexander Firlus, Mihai Stoica, Gavin B. M. Vaughan, Robin E. Schaeublin, Joerg F. Loeffler
Summary: Fe-based bulk metallic glasses exhibit an anomalously low coefficient of thermal expansion known as the Invar effect. This effect is influenced by rare earth elements but the extent of influence from other elements is unclear.
MATERIALS TODAY NANO
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sandy Sanchez, Stefania Cacovich, Guillaume Vidon, Jean-Francois Guillemoles, Felix Eickemeyer, Shaik M. Zakeeruddin, Jurgen E. K. Schawe, Jorg F. Loffler, Cyril Cayron, Pascal Schouwink, Michael Graetzel
Summary: We employed flash infrared annealing to investigate the phase transition of formamidinium lead triiodide thin films for solar cell applications. By optimizing the film crystallization processing parameters, we achieved highly stable black perovskite solar cells with a high power conversion efficiency.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)