Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matias Blomqvist, Ilmari Koskinen, Eliisa Loyttyniemi, Tuomas Mirtti, Peter J. Bostrom, Pekka Taimen
Summary: In bladder cancer patients, the stem cell markers ALDH1, SOX2, and SSEA-4 show little prognostic or predictive value, with weak or negative cytoplasmic SOX2 staining being associated with lymphovascular invasion and cancer-specific survival but not significantly.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariana Nunes, Francisca Pacheco, Ricardo Coelho, Dina Leitao, Sara Ricardo, Leonor David
Summary: Overexpression of MSLN in ovarian carcinomas does not affect the expression of cancer stem cell markers, indicating that MSLN is not involved in driving the cancer stem cell phenotype.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olga Pershina, Natalia Ermakova, Angelina Pakhomova, Darius Widera, Edgar Pan, Mariia Zhukova, Elena Slonimskaya, Sergey G. Morozov, Aslan Kubatiev, Alexander Dygai, Evgenii G. Skurikhin
Summary: This study found that breast cancer patients can be divided into two groups based on the frequency of ALDH1 cells, corresponding to different types of stem cells. Additionally, epithelial precursors associated with a positive effect of chemotherapy and remission in breast cancer patients were found in normal breast tissue.
Article
Oncology
S. M. Adnan Ali, Yumna Adnan, Saleema Mehboob Ali, Zubair Ahmad, Tabish Chawla, Hasnain Ahmed Farooqui
Summary: This report is the first of its kind internationally to assess pancreatic cancer stem cell markers and potential therapeutic targets in a single study. The study revealed significant associations between the expression of these markers and potential therapeutic targets, paving the way for precision medicine in pancreatic cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Jeong Won Kim, Joon-Yong Chung, Kris Ylaya, Yoonho Park, Sun-Young Jun, Seung-Mo Hong, Stephen M. Hewitt
Summary: The study revealed that high expression of SOX2 in patients with small intestinal adenocarcinomas is associated with shorter overall survival and has the potential to predict clinical outcomes.
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Jennifer L. Spiegel, Mark Jakob, Marie Kruizenga, Saskia Freytag, Mattis Bertlich, Martin Canis, Friedrich Ihler, Frank Haubner, Julia Kitz, Bernhard G. Weiss
Summary: The study found that high expression of ALDH1 was correlated with higher grading, CD44 with tumor localization, size, pN-category, and advanced UICC stage, and SOX2 with negative perineural invasion in adenocarcinoma of the major salivary glands. However, there was no significant correlation between any investigated CSC marker and survival estimates. Overall, the CSCs ALDH1, BMI-1, CD44, Nanog, and SOX2 do not appear to be reliable prognostic parameters for the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jinbao Yin, Chen Lin, Meng Jiang, Xinbin Tang, Danlin Xie, Jingwen Chen, Rongqin Ke
Summary: In this study, key genes including EZH2, CENPL, ISG20L2, LSM4, and MRPL3 were identified and validated in breast cancer. These genes were found to be up-regulated in tumor tissues and associated with cancer progression, potentially serving as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer. Further in-depth studies are needed to fully understand the functional mechanisms of these newly identified hub genes in breast cancer development.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Pathology
Ting Yuan, Sijin Sun, Zheng Cao, Xiaoli Feng, Yibo Gao
Summary: The study reviewed prognostic IHC markers in SCLC from various databases until October 19th, 2019, focusing on markers evaluated in at least two independent studies. The results highlighted potential prognostic markers that could be incorporated into clinical care for SCLC patients based on their functions in the tumor.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kui Fan, Bo-hui Zhang, Deng Han, Yun-chuan Sun
Summary: High expression of EZH2 is associated with poor prognosis and is found in various malignancies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of EZH2 in Lung Adenocarcinoma (LUAD) through bioinformatic analysis. The results showed that EZH2 expression was higher in LUAD tissues compared to normal tissues, and high EZH2 levels were associated with unsatisfactory prognoses. Coexpressed genes of EZH2 were mainly involved in cell growth-associated pathways.
BMC BIOINFORMATICS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xin Guan, Yi Dong, Zhimin Fan, Yue Zhan, Xinpeng Xie, Gege Xu, Yu Zhang, Guoqiang Guo, Aiping Shi
Summary: The study indicates that ALDH1 immunostaining in axillary lymph node metastases is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm the clinical relevance of this finding.
JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hee Young Na, Yujun Park, Soo Kyung Nam, Jiwon Koh, Yoonjin Kwak, Sang-Hoon Ahn, Do Joong Park, Hyung-Ho Kim, Kyu Sang Lee, Hye Seung Lee
Summary: The study using mIHC revealed that although the number of CD57+ NK cells was lower, they played a critical role in the prognosis of gastric cancer along with macrophages and T cells. Higher density of CD57+ NK cells was associated with inferior survival, suggesting they may be potential targets in GC.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yohan Truchot, Elie Dagher, Jerome Abadie, Frederique Nguyen
Summary: Sox2 expression was associated with poor cancer-specific survival in female cats with invasive mammary carcinomas, and showed complementarity with AR in FMC prognostication. The study suggests that Sox2 may play a significant role in the prognosis and treatment outcomes of feline mammary tumors.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Larischa de Wet, Anthony Williams, Marc Gillard, Steven Kregel, Sophia Lamperis, Lisa C. Gutgesell, Jordan E. Vellky, Ryan Brown, Kelly Conger, Gladell P. Paner, Heng Wang, Elizabeth E. Platz, Angelo M. De Marzo, Ping Mu, Jonathan L. Coloff, Russell Z. Szmulewitz, Donald J. Vander Griend
Summary: This study investigated the impact of SOX2 expression on patient outcomes and its function within prostate cancer cells. The results revealed that SOX2 expression promotes metastatic progression and therapy resistance in prostate cancer, and affects the metabolic pathways and metabolites of cancer cells. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the role of SOX2 in prostate cancer and suggest its potential as a biomarker and pharmacologic target in clinical settings.
Review
Oncology
Malgorzata Gajdzis, Radoslaw Kaczmarek, Pawel Gajdzis
Summary: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular neoplasm in adults with a high rate of distant metastases and no effective treatment in the advanced stage. The search for new prognostic factors is crucial for understanding the disease's biology, monitoring patients effectively, and identifying potential therapeutic targets. Numerous studies have demonstrated the complexity of uveal melanoma biology and the potential for individualized treatment approaches based on protein expression patterns.
Review
Cell Biology
Gui-Min Wen, Xiao-Yan Xu, Pu Xia
Summary: The characteristics and molecular mechanisms of metabolic reprogramming of cancer stem cells play a crucial role in the treatment of malignant tumors.
Article
Surgery
Andrew P. Zammit, Ian Brown, John D. Hooper, David A. Clark, Andrew D. Riddell
Summary: For patients with malignant polyps who only undergo polypectomy without colorectal resection, the timing of surveillance colonoscopy is generally earlier than recommended by clinical guidelines. However, the evidence for surveillance methods for malignant polyps is not strong. Future technological developments may offer additional options for surveillance.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andrew P. Zammit, John D. Hooper, Ian Brown, David A. Clark, Andrew D. Riddell
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of management strategies on the overall survival and cancer-specific survival of patients diagnosed with malignant polyps. It found that patients who underwent colorectal resection had significantly improved survival rates compared with those who only underwent polypectomy.
COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2023)
Letter
Pathology
Hemamal Samaratunga, Tony Gianduzzo, Joanna Perry-Keene, Lars Egevad, Brett Delahunt
Article
Pathology
Andrew P. Zammit, Ian Brown, John D. Hooper, David A. Clark, Andrew D. Riddell
Summary: The treatment of colorectal malignant polyps relies on the quality reporting of histopathological features. The Royal College of Pathologists of Austral-asia (RCPA) has produced protocols to improve the pathological reporting. A retrospective study in Queensland, Australia revealed that 30.8% of the reports had missing parameters that could affect treatment decisions. The most commonly under-reported parameter was Haggitt or Kikuchi level with a 48.6% missing rate.
Article
Pathology
Hemamali Samaratunga, Lars Egevad, Michelle Thunders, Kenneth A. Iczskowski, Theodorus van der Kwast, Glen Kristiansen, Chin-Chen Pan, Katia R. M. Leite, Andrew Evans, David Clouston, Diane N. Kenwright, Peter B. Bethwaite, Greg Malone, Simon Wood, John W. Yaxley, Brett Delahunt
Summary: The classification of malignant tumors is influenced by immunohistochemical and molecular genetic findings. Renal oncocytoma, a benign tumor, can occasionally exhibit malignant behavior as a variant called hybrid oncocytic chromophobe tumor. Two new entities, low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) and eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT) with varying nuclear pleomorphism, have been proposed. The diagnosis of these apparently benign tumors is based on morphological, immunohistochemical features, and mutations in the mTOR pathway. However, the importance and specificity of these tumors are still debatable.
Article
Surgery
Andrew P. Zammit, Ian Brown, John D. Hooper, David A. Clark, Andrew D. Riddell
Summary: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant decrease in the diagnosis of malignant polyps in 2020, potentially leading to an increase in advanced colorectal adenocarcinomas in 2021 and beyond.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hannu Koistinen, Ruusu-Maaria Kovanen, Morley D. Hollenberg, Antoine Dufour, Evette S. Radisky, Ulf-Hakan Stenman, Jyotsna Batra, Judith Clements, John D. Hooper, Eleftherios Diamandis, Oliver Schilling, Antti Rannikko, Tuomas Mirtti
Summary: Since the proposition of the pro-invasive activity of proteolytic enzymes over 70 years ago, several roles for proteases in cancer progression have been established. About half of the 473 active human proteases are expressed in the prostate and many of the most well-characterized members of this enzyme family are regulated by androgens, hormones essential for development of prostate cancer. Most notably, several kallikrein-related peptidases, including KLK3 (prostate-specific antigen, PSA), the most well-known prostate cancer marker, and type II transmembrane serine proteases, such as TMPRSS2 and matriptase, have been extensively studied and found to promote prostate cancer progression. Recent findings also suggest a critical role for proteases in the development of advanced and aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Perhaps the most intriguing evidence for this role comes from studies showing that the protease-activated transmembrane proteins, Notch and CDCP1, are associated with the development of CRPC.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicholas J. Lyons, Rabina Giri, Jakob Begun, David Clark, David Proud, Yaowu He, John D. Hooper, Thomas Kryza
Summary: This article discusses the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in normal and malignant colonic cell biology and explores how existing and emerging therapies can utilize ROS for therapeutic benefit. Recent research has shed light on the contribution of ROS to the cytotoxicity of conventional chemotherapy, as well as the generation of ROS in response to excitatory stimuli in emerging therapies such as photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and radiodynamic therapy. However, the poor prognosis and resistance associated with metastatic colorectal cancer necessitate the development of new and more effective treatments.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jessica M. Logan, Ashley M. Hopkins, Carmela Martini, Alexandra Sorvina, Prerna Tewari, Sarita Prabhakaran, Chelsea Huzzell, Ian R. D. Johnson, Shane M. Hickey, Ben S. -Y. Ung, Joanna Lazniewska, Robert D. Brooks, Courtney R. Moore, Maria C. Caruso, Litsa Karageorgos, Cara M. Martin, Sharon O'Toole, Laura Bogue Edgerton, Mark P. Ward, Mark Bates, Stavros Selemidis, Adrian Esterman, Sheena Heffernan, Helen Keegan, Sarah Ni Mhaolcatha, Roisin O'Connor, Victoria Malone, Marguerite Carter, Katie Ryan, Andres Clarke, Nathan Brady, Sonja Klebe, Hemamali Samaratunga, Brett Delahunt, Michael J. Sorich, Kim Moretti, Lisa M. Butler, John J. O'Leary, Douglas A. Brooks
Summary: A novel biomarker panel (Appl1, Sortilin and Syndecan-1) was found to be a strong independent predictor for both clinical and biochemical recurrence outcomes, with higher prediction performance than traditional grading. The study also found that biomarker-assisted assessment had better predictive performance for evaluating the risk of biochemical recurrence and clinical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer.
Article
Cell Biology
Madeline Gough, Cheng Liu, Bhuvana Srinivasan, Lisa Wilkinson, Louisa Dunk, Yuanhao Yang, Veronika Schreiber, Haitham Tuffaha, Thomas Kryza, John D. Hooper, Sunil R. Lakhani, Cameron E. Snell
Summary: The study investigates the use of a digital algorithm to improve the assessment of difficult HER2 ISH cases. The results show that the algorithm can enhance the concordance and accuracy of pathologist reporting for challenging HER2 ISH cases.
Letter
Pathology
Hemamali Samaratunga, Lars Egevad, Brett Delahunt
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tashbib Khan, Nicholas J. Lyons, Madeline Gough, Kayden K. X. Kwah, Tahleesa J. Cuda, Cameron E. Snell, Brian W. Tse, Kamil A. Sokolowski, Lesley A. Pearce, Timothy E. Adams, Stephen E. Rose, Simon Puttick, Marina Pajic, Mark N. Adams, Yaowu He, John D. Hooper, Thomas Kryza
Summary: This study evaluated the rationale of targeting CDCP1 with ADCs and demonstrated the efficacy of CDCP1-directed ADCs against multiple malignant tumors. CDCP1 expression was found to be elevated in the majority of cancers and restricted in normal tissues. CDCP1-directed ADCs exhibited robust anti-tumor effects both in vitro and in pre-clinical cancer models.
Article
Surgery
Andrew P. Zammit, Ian Brown, John D. Hooper, David A. Clark, Andrew D. Riddell
Summary: This study reviewed the management of rectal malignant polyps and found that TAR is an effective strategy, particularly for polyps with close or involved margins.
ANZ JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Andrew P. Zammit, Nicholas J. Lyons, Mark D. Chatfield, John D. Hooper, Ian Brown, David A. Clark, Andrew D. Riddell
Summary: This meta-analysis identified lymphovascular invasion, positive polypectomy resection margins, and poor tumour differentiation as significant predictors for subsequent surgery in patients with malignant polyps. Age and gender were also important factors, although their predictive value varied across studies. Polyp morphology and Haggitt/Kikuchi levels did not significantly predict the management strategy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COLORECTAL DISEASE
(2022)
