Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ruibiao Wang, Yuheng Zhang, Jingbo Zhen, Jinpeng Zhang, Zixuan Pang, Xuewei Song, Lihao Lin, Feng Sun, Yixin Lu
Summary: This study explored the effect of exosomes derived from Trichinella spiralis infective larvae (TsExos) on the barrier function of porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The results showed that TsExos ingestion decreased cell viability, increased FITC-dextran content, lactate dehydrogenase and reactive oxygen species levels. TsExos also induced apoptosis, nuclear pyknosis, and nuclear rupture. In addition, TsExos disrupted tight junctions and altered gene expression.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Utsanee Supcharoengoon, Onrapak Reamtong, Paron Dekumyoy, Dorn Watthanakulpanich, Yanin Limpanont, Lv Zhiyue, Salisa Chaimon, Pongsakorn Martviset, Poom Adisakwattana
Summary: This study identified specific antigens with molecular weights of 43, 79, and 101 kDa in crude somatic antigens (CSAg) of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (TsML). These antigens showed high sensitivity and specificity in IgG-ELISA detection. LC-MS-MS analysis identified 11 different proteins in these antigens, with TsCSAg-43 showing the highest specificity. Further studies should focus on the development and production of these specific proteins for immunodiagnosis.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yan Yan Song, Qi Qi Lu, Lu Lu Han, Shu Wei Yan, Xin Zhuo Zhang, Ruo Dan Liu, Shao Rong Long, Jing Cui, Zhong Quan Wang
Summary: This study found that serine proteases and cysteine proteases in the ESPs of T. spiralis IIL play main roles in hydrolysing occludin, claudin-1 and E-cad, and upregulating claudin-2 expression. The challenge infection results showed that treatment with specific inhibitors or inhibitor mixtures significantly reduced expulsion of IIL from the gut, and led to reductions in intestinal adult worms compared to the control group. These findings suggest that serine proteases and cysteine proteases may be key target molecules for vaccines against larval invasion and development.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Xinyu Wang, Bin Tang, Ying Zhao, Jing Ding, Nan Wang, Yan Liu, Zijian Dong, Xiangdong Sun, Quangang Xu, Mingyuan Liu, Xiaolei Liu
Summary: A rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip based on EuNPs was developed for the detection of Trichinella spiralis infection in pigs, providing earlier detection of antibodies compared to traditional methods.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Bin Tang, Jian Li, Tingting Li, Yiting Xie, Wei Guan, Yanqing Zhao, Shuguo Yang, Mingyuan Liu, Daoxiu Xu
Summary: This article provides an overview of the strategies for developing effective vaccines against Trichinella spiralis and summarizes the factors that influence vaccine effectiveness. The study suggests that the protective effect against T. spiralis infection can be improved by selecting suitable antigens and using different types of vaccines. However, there is still limited research on T. spiralis vaccines in pigs, and more studies are needed to explore the protective effect in swine models.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Jian Li, Jing Ding, Xiao-Lei Liu, Bin Tang, Xue Bai, Yang Wang, Wei-Dong Qiao, Ming-Yuan Liu, Xue-Lin Wang
Summary: This study successfully developed a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method named UPT-LF-ES assay for detecting anti-T. spiralis IgG antibodies in pig serum, based on UCNPs-ES/goat anti-rabbit IgG probes. The assay showed high sensitivity and specificity, contributing to preventing human trichinellosis effectively.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Radu Pavel, Sorin Ursoniu, Maria Alina Lupu, Tudor Rares Olariu
Summary: This observational study compared the epidemiological, laboratory, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of trichinellosis in children and adults in Western Romania. The results showed a declining trend in infection rates for both children and adults during the studied period. Pork meat products were the main source of infection. Improving education and implementing public health strategies are crucial for the prevention of trichinellosis in Western Romania.
Article
Immunology
Jing -Bo Zhen, Jin-Peng Zhang, Feng Sun, Li-Hao Lin, Yu-Heng Zhang, Rui-Biao Wang, Yang Han, Zhi-Xin Li, Yi-Xin Lu
Summary: Allergic asthma, a chronic, heterogeneous, and inflammatory respiratory disease, has limited treatment options. This study focused on the effects of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) excretory-secretory (ES) antigens on allergic asthma. The study used Ts43, Ts49, and Ts53 proteins, important components of ES antigens, to establish ES antigens intervention models in mice. The results showed that ES antigens could alleviate asthma symptoms, weight loss, and lung inflammation, with better effects observed with combined intervention of Ts43, Ts49, and Ts53. Furthermore, the study investigated the changes in Th1 and Th2 immune responses and the differentiation direction of T lymphocytes in mice. The results indicated a decrease in the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells and an increase in the ratio of Th1/Th2 cells. Overall, this study demonstrated that T. spiralis ES antigens could attenuate allergic asthma in mice by altering the differentiation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and regulating the Th1/Th2 cell ratio.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Hua Nan Ren, Tong Xu Zhuo, Sheng Jie Bai, Ying Bai, Xiang Yuan Sun, Ruo Dan Liu, Shao Rong Long, Jing Cui, Zhong Quan Wang
Summary: The critical step of Trichinella spiralis infection is the activation of muscle larvae to intestinal infective larvae, which invade the intestinal epithelium and play a role in host-parasite interaction through excretory/secretory proteins. Various proteolytic enzymes were identified in the IIL ES proteins, with higher transcription levels of certain protease genes at the IIL stage compared to the ML stage, suggesting their potential role in host invasion and immune evasion.
Article
Immunology
Xuemin Jin, Yi Liu, Isabelle Vallee, Gregory Karadjian, Mingyuan Liu, Xiaolei Liu
Summary: The study found that Lentinan (LNT) can trigger the expulsion of intestinal helminth by promoting mucus layer functions and altering gut microbiota, as well as triggering the production of butyrate. Additionally, probiotics were found to have deworming capacity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Amal Farahat Allam, Reham Ahmed Mostafa, Wael Lotfy, Hoda Fahmy Farag, Naglaa Fathi, Esraa Abdelhamid Moneer, Amel Youssef Shehab
Summary: The study showed that mebendazole was more effective in treating trichinellosis compared to artemisinin, especially when treatment was initiated during the enteral phase. Both drugs demonstrated anthelmintic activity against Trichinella spiralis infection in mice.
Article
Parasitology
Huijun Ren, Yi Li, Xiaohan Ma, Chunli Zhang, Ruoyu Peng, Liang Ming
Summary: This study identified differential expression profiles of miRNAs in T. spiralis after exposure to the small intestinal milieu and revealed potential regulatory roles of these miRNAs in the invasion of host intestinal epithelial cells. The downregulation of let-7 and its direct target genes neuropeptide Y receptor type 6 and carboxypeptidase E suggest a mechanism for T. spiralis invasion.
Article
Microbiology
Mai ElGhannam, Yasser Dar, Mostafa Hassan ElMehlawy, Fatma A. Mokhtar, Lamia Bakr
Summary: This study investigated the effect of eugenol on Trichinella spiralis in vitro. The results showed that eugenol achieved 100% efficacy against muscle larvae of T. spiralis at concentrations of 1218 and 3045 μM in 10 and 24 hours.
Article
Parasitology
Sylwia Grzelak, Anna Stachyra, Bozena Moskwa, Justyna Bien-Kalinowska
Summary: This study compared the protein expression profiles of T. spiralis and T. britovi muscle larvae, identifying different protein spots. LC-MS/MS analysis determined the functions of these proteins in Trichinella and the host-parasite interaction. Some of the identified spots showed potential antigenic characteristics, making them possible candidates for the development of a novel trichinellosis diagnostic test or vaccine against helminthiasis caused by T. spiralis or T. britovi.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Yan Liu, Xiaolei Liu, Yansong Li, Ning Xu, Yuying Yang, Mingyuan Liu, Yu Zhou
Summary: An antigenic cystatin-like protein Ts-CLP was selected from intestinal infective larvae cDNA library and expressed as a histidine-tagged protein. A specific ELISA method based on rTs-CLP was developed for early detection of Trichinella spiralis infection, providing a foundation for specific semi-diagnostic strategy. Monoclonal antibodies against Ts-CLP were obtained, and two dominant epitopes were identified, contributing to potential diagnostic advancements.
VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY
(2021)